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42
نتائج ل
"Unruh, Gregory"
صنف حسب:
From Geomimetic to Biomimetic Manufacturing: Digitally Transforming Industry for Sustainability
Digital technologies and Industry 4.0 hold the prospect of improving the sustainability performance of manufacturing, but the environmental implications of this transformation are uncertain. To contribute to resolving the environmental impacts of production, Industry 4.0 needs to be guided by sustainable manufacturing principles. This article asserts that we have access to only one functioning example of sustainable production on planet Earth, which is nature, and that Industry 4.0 guided by natural biomimetic principles can advance sustainable production goals. It first contends that industry to date has been guided geomimetic principles—which is the industrial mimicking of physical geologic processes—and that geomimicry is a source of many environmental externalities arising from industrial production. The paper then introduces a series of nature-inspired, biomimetic principles that can be facilitated by the unique capabilities inherent in emerging digital production technologies.
Journal Article
Even If AI Can Cure Loneliness - Should It?
Many experts believe augmentation and automation are the shining stars of business uses of AI; their promise of greater productivity has lit up the executive imagination. In their shadow, however, a growing number of AI applications and devices are helping humans satisfy a basic need to connect with others. In particular, markets are slowly forming around artificially intelligent, emotionally attuned, responsive robots that people can relate to as companions. Understanding social AI as a market maker is critical for company strategists, as well as product developers. The societal ramifications of social AI products are not entirely for regulators to address. Makers of social AI products and services need to tread carefully and really consider the difference between \"Can we make and sell this?\" and \"Should we make and sell this?\"
Journal Article
The Sweet Spot of Sustainability Strategy
Today's fringe issues become tomorrows mainstream and generic market expectations. Between these two extremes - the fringe and the generic - lies a third territory. It is in this strategic territory that proactive companies have the best opportunity to influence the sustainability standards for their industry. The three sustainability territories are as follows: 1. The fringe, populated by newly discovered sustainability issues. 2. The strategic, where various norm-setting groups including businesses are working to establish new market standards. 3. The generic, where standard solutions have already emerged for discovered issues.
Journal Article
Business Needs a Safety Net
It is standard fare for large companies to talk about their contributions to society, but 2017 has provided new evidence that businesses may need to rethink their purpose in society. In just one month -- September -- the southern US and Mexico were hit by three Category 4-plus hurricanes and at least two major earthquakes that devastated entire communities. Over 400 people died in two powerful quakes occurring 11 days apart in Mexico, while Puerto Rico faced the prospect of being without power and clean water for months in the aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria (even as the U.S. was cleaning up after Hurricane Harvey, which hit Houston less than a week before Irma struck). Many indicators point to the looming effects of a changing natural environment on the economy. The reinsurance industry has been tracking naturally occurring events that cause large economic losses -- including hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and draughts -- for the past four decades.
Journal Article
Technology Stability and Change: An Integrated Evolutionary Approach
This paper, in many ways, is a response to Professor Radzicki's 2003 call in this journal for intensified use of systems dynamics and computer simulation modeling to rigorously address economic change as the alteration of social and economic structures themselves and not just changes within existing structures. In this vein, this paper aims to broaden the understanding of the process of technological change and standardization through an evolutionary approach, which avoids the determinism of conventional orthodox models of technology diffusion and standardization. The authors have used agent-based economic computational modeling to expand the understanding of technological competition in the presence of increasing returns to adoption by extending the modeling effort beyond the one-time, winner-takes-all approaches. It has shown that, over a long enough time horizon, an industry will see a succession of technological standards. Transitions between these standards can be fostered by the emergence of new technological alternatives that offer new sets of attributes.
Journal Article
Are environmental Kuznets curves misleading us? The case of CO2 emissions
Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) analysis links changes in environmental quality to national economic growth. The reduced form models, however, do not provide insight into the underlying processes that generate these changes. We compare EKC models to structural transition models of per capita CO2 emissions and per capita GDP, and find that, for the 16 countries which have undergone such a transition, the initiation of the transition correlates not with income levels but with historic events related to the oil price shocks of the 1970s and the policies that followed them. In contrast to previous EKC studies of CO2 the transition away from positive emissions elasticities for these 16 countries is found to occur as a sudden, discontinuous transition rather than as a gradual change. We also demonstrate that the third order polynomial 'N' dependence of emissions on income is the result of data aggregation. We conclude that neither the 'U'- nor the 'N'-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and income provide a reliable indication of future behaviour.
Journal Article
Suppressive effects of remifentanil on hemodynamics in baro-denervated rabbits
To elucidate mechanisms by which remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist, causes hypotension and bradycardia.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were measured and recorded after bolus injections of 1, 2 or 5 microg x kg(-1) of remifentanil in neuraxis intact (n=6 for each dose) and baro-denervated rabbits (n=6 for each dose). Arterial baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by depressor tests. An additional six baro-denervated animals received remifentanil, 5 microg x kg(-1) after pretreatment with naloxone, 40 microg x kg(-1).
All values were expressed in % change from baseline. In the neuraxis intact animals, MAP and HR were decreased briefly immediately after remifentanil injection. RSNA was increased dose-dependently: 137 +/- 8% (mean +/- SE), 170 +/- 14% (P < 0.05) and 225 +/- 29% (P < 0.05) after 1, 2 and 5 microg x kg(-1) remifentanil, respectively. RSNA was increased even after MAP and HR had returned to baseline values. The depressor tests revealed that remifentanil did not attenuate arterial baroreflex sensitivity. In the baro-denervated animals, MAP and HR decreased gradually to 77 +/- 3% (P < 0.05) and 94 +/- 1% (P < 0.05), respectively 300 sec after 5 microg x kg(-1) remifentanil. At that time, increased RSNA (159 +/- 9%, P < 0.05) had returned to baseline. Pretreatment with naloxone in the baro-denervated animals abolished these changes.
Remifentanil decreases HR and MAP by its central vagotonic effect and by stimulating peripheral mu-opioid receptors. These effects appear to be counteracted and masked by its central sympathotonic effect and by maintaining arterial baroreflex integrity.
Journal Article
Corporate Sustainability at a Crossroads
In the final report of our 8-year study of how corporations address sustainability, MIT Sloan Management Review and The Boston Consulting Group examine the crossroads at which sustainability now finds itself. Despite sociopolitical upheaval that threatens to reverse key gains, our research has shown that companies can develop workable -- and profitable -- sustainability strategies to reduce their impact on the global environment by incorporating 8 key lessons.
Journal Article