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Fruits
\"Describes fruits, an essential part of a healthy diet, including where different varieties are grown, why they are healthy for us, and introduces fruits from many countries.\"--Publisher description.
Book
Ip/I-Synephrine Indicates Internal Maturity of ICitrus grandis/I Osbeck cv. Mato Peiyu—Reclaiming Functional Constituents from Nonedible Parts
The processing of Citrus grandis Osbeck cv. Mato Peiyu (CGMP) fruits generates a considerable amount of waste, mainly the flavedo, albedo, and segment membrane; the generated waste yields severe environmental and economic challenges. In this study, we tried to reclaim some functional chemicals from the waste. Our data indicated that the essential oil content in the flavedo was 0.76-1.34%, with the major component being monoterpenes (93.75% in August, declining to 85.56% in November, including mainly limonene (87.08% to 81.12%) and others such as β-myrcene). p-Synephrine (mg/100 g dry weight) declined accordingly (flavedo, 10.40 to 2.00; albedo, 1.80 to 0.25; segment membrane, 0.3 in August, 0.2 in September, and none since October). Polyphenols (in μg/g) included gallic acid (70.32-110.25, 99.27-252.89, and 105.78-187.36, respectively); protocatechuic acid (65.32-204.94, 26.35-72.35, and 214.98-302.65, respectively), p-coumaric acid (30.63-169.13, 4.32-17.00, and 6.68-34.32, respectively), ferulic acid (12.36-39.36, 1.21-10.25, and 17.07-39.63, respectively), and chlorogenic acid (59.19-199.36, 33.08-108.57, and 65.32-150.14, respectively). Flavonoids (in μg/g) included naringin (flavedo, 89.32-283.19), quercetin (181.05-248.51), nobiletin (259.75-563.7), hesperidin, and diosmin. The phytosterol content (mg/100 g) was 12.50-44.00 in the flavedo. The total dietary fiber in the segment membrane was 57 g/100 g. The antioxidant activity against the DPPH[sup.*] and ABTS[sup.+*] free radicals was moderately high. In conclusion, the waste of CGMP fruits is worth reclaiming for essential oil, p-synephrine, polyphenolics, and dietary fiber. Notably, p-synephrine content (flavedo: <8 mg/100 g dry weight, albedo: <2.0, or segment membrane: <0.4 mg) can serve as a marker of the internal maturation of CGMP fruits.
Journal Article
Fruits
Introduces fruits and how they are grown, and describes different types of fruit, including such fruits as tomatoes and cucumbers that are commonly eaten as vegetables.
Book
Quality attributes of cultivated white crowberries from a multi-origin clonal field
There is a growing interest in Corema album (L.) D. Don fruits due to the unique white colour, mildly acidic lemony flavour and health-promoting properties associated with its bioactive composition. This study performs a physical-chemical characterisation of cultivated C. album fruits from a multi-origin clonal field. The field comprises ten wild populations with distinct geographical origins, grown under the same edaphoclimatic conditions. We analysed fruits CIELab colour parameters, texture profile (TPA), pH, acidity (TA, g.100 mL.sup.-1), soluble solids content (SSC, %) and total phenolic content (TPC, mg CAE.100 g.sup.-1). Our results showed differences between fruits physical-chemical attributes. Variation patterns in fruits SSC and hardness suggest that the differences might be related to the original geographical location of the populations. The determined TPC levels in all samples were very encouraging at a bioactive level, ranging from 185.3 to 355.6 mg CAE.100 g.sup.-1. Fruits from Mira and Pego populations stood out from the ten geographical provenances. Mira fruit samples had higher sweetness and lower acidity, while the Pego ones had firmer fruits and higher phenolic content. The multi-origin clonal field allowed us to offer an interesting scientific comparative background, highlighting the large potential of these berries for introduction in the commercial market. Not only our results support the potential of white crowberry as a new crop; the detected differences also indicate a hidden capacity for small fruit market diversification.
Journal Article
Fabulous fruits : recipes for every season
\"Delicious fruits that tantalize the palate all summer long and that can be canned, dried or frozen to remind us of those hot summer days are the object of this book. All the recipes can be accomplished by the home cook with minimal cooking knowledge. The range of recipes go from more upscale cuisine to good country cooking that our grandmothers and mothers (and even grandfathers and fathers) placed on our family table for generations.\"--Jacket.
Book
Mango Fruit Detachment of Trees after Applying a Blend Composed of HNOsub.3 and Charcoal Activated
As young workers prefer urban labors and migrate to USA and Canada, mango harvesting is becoming scarce on Mexican coasts. This seasonal labor is becoming expensive and when many orchards produce fruit simultaneously, grower losses increase. In this research, an innovative fruit detachment method was tested after applying a viscous paste to the pedicel of mango fruits hanging in the tree. Activated carbon or charcoal (AC), was mixed with different amounts of nitric acid to provide three AC composite blends named: light, medium, and dense. The nanomaterial was applied with a brush to the fruit pedicel/peduncle taking up to 4 h before the mango fruits felt to a net below the tree canopy. Mango detachment experiments indicated that the medium blend was the most efficient in releasing the fruit, taking an average of 2 h. The dense nano-material decreased latex exudation to 7% of the fruits. Fruit maturity emerged as a crucial factor for detachment time, followed by mango weight.
Journal Article
Detection and Positioning of ICamellia oleifera/I Fruit Based on LBP Image Texture Matching and Binocular Stereo Vision
To achieve the rapid recognition and accurate picking of Camellia oleifera fruits, a binocular vision system composed of two industrial cameras was used to collect images of Camellia oleifera fruits in natural environments. The YOLOv7 convolutional neural network model was used for iterative training, and the optimal weight model was selected to recognize the images and obtain the anchor frame region of the Camellia oleifera fruits. The local binary pattern (LBP) maps of the anchor frame region were extracted and matched by using the normalized correlation coefficient template matching algorithm to obtain the positions of the center point in the left and right images. The recognition experimental results showed that the accuracy rate, recall rate, mAP and F[sub.1] of the model were 97.3%, 97.6%, 97.7% and 97.4%. The recognition rate of the Camellia oleifera fruit with slight shading was 93.13%, and the recognition rate with severe shading was 75.21%. The recognition rate of the Camellia oleifera fruit was 90.64% under sunlight condition, and the recognition rate was 91.34% under shading condition. The orchard experiment results showed that, in the depth range of 400–600 mm, the maximum error value of the binocular stereo vision system in the depth direction was 4.279 mm, and the standard deviation was 1.142 mm. The detection and three-dimensional positioning accuracy of the binocular stereo vision system for Camellia oleifera fruits could basically meet the working requirements of the Camellia oleifera fruit-picking robot.
Journal Article
Elucidation of Geniposide and Crocin Accumulation and Their Biosysnthsis-Related Key Enzymes during IGardenia jasminoides/I Fruit Growth
Gardenia jasminoides fruits are extensively grown worldwide, with a large harvest, and its major medicinal ingredients are geniposide and crocins. Research on their accumulation and biosynthsis-related enzymes is rare. In this study, the accumulation of geniposide and crocin of G. jasminoides fruits at different developmental stages were clarified by HPLC. The highest cumulative amount of geniposide was 2.035% during the unripe-fruit period, and the highest content of crocin was 1.098% during the mature-fruit period. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was performed. A total of 50 unigenes encoding 4 key enzymes related in geniposide biosynthsis pathways were screened, and 41 unigenes encoding 7 key enzymes in the pathways of crocin were elucidated. It was found that the expression levels of differentially expressed genes of DN67890_c0_g1_i2-encoding GGPS, which is highly related to geniposide biosynthesis, and DN81253_c0_g1_i1-encoding lcyB, DN79477_c0_g1_i2-encoding lcyE, and DN84975_c1_g7_i11-encoding CCD, which are highly related to crocin biosynthesis, were consistent with the accumulation of geniposide and crocin content, respectively. The qRT-PCR results showed that the trends of relative expression were consistent with transcribed genes. This study provides insights for understanding the geniposide and crocin accumulation and biosynthsis during fruit development in G. jasminoides.
Journal Article