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"Livestock"
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Wiggle! march!
Contains colorful illustrations of farm animals, including a cow, a pig, a cat, and others.
Book
Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: IEl Niño/I of 2023
The El Niño presents itself as a serious problem in the pastures of the northern region of Brazil, as it compromises the availability and quality of forage and water. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermographic profile of three production systems in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The results show significant differences between areas with and without chestnut tree shade. Between August and November, the highest temperatures were recorded in full sun pastures, contrasting with lower temperatures in shaded areas. The interaction between the systems revealed significant thermal variations, highlighting the positive impact of native trees on thermal regulation and indicating possible strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of El Niño. The El Niño represents a substantial threat to pastures, affecting the availability of water, forage and compromising the sustainability of grazing areas, especially in the northern region of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermographic profile of three production systems in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was conducted on a rural cattle farm in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, between August and November 2023. The experiment involved livestock production systems, including traditional, silvopastoral and integrated, with different conditions of shade and access to the bathing area. An infrared thermographic (IRT) camera was used, recording temperatures in different zones, such as areas with trees, pastures with forage and exposed pastures. The highest mean temperatures (p = 0.02) were observed in pastures with full sun from August to November. On the other hand, the lowest average temperatures were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (Bertholletia excelsa). The highest temperature ranges were found in sunny areas and the lowest were recorded in shaded areas. The highest temperatures were observed in the pasture in full sun, while the lowest were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (p < 0.0001). The interaction between the systems and treatments revealed significant temperature differences (p < 0.0001), with the native trees showing an average temperature of 35.9 °C, lower than the grasses and soil, which reached 61.2 °C. This research concludes that, under El Niño in the Eastern Amazon, areas shaded by Brazil nut trees had lower temperatures, demonstrating the effectiveness of shade. Native trees, compared to grasses and soil, showed the ability to create cooler environments, highlighting the positive influence on different species such as sheep, goats and cattle.
Journal Article
Seasonal and Altitudinal Variation in Chemical Composition of ICeltis australis/I L. Tree Foliage
Celtis australis is an important agroforestry tree in the Himalayan region providing major fodder to the livestock and many other needs for sustaining life in local rural communities. Including their fodder value and wide altitudinal distribution ranges, it is extracted by the villagers in large scale during the lean period (May to June). Thus, the aim was to understand the nutritive values of the species influenced by the altitude and harvesting season. For this investigation, leaves of C. australis were collected from four different altitudes during the months of February to December. The nutritive value of collected foliage, i.e., dry matter, ash, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, crude protein, crude fiber, starch, sugar, and phenolic were estimated by using stranded methods. The results of present study reveal that significant seasonal variations have been observed for the chemical composition of C. australis tree foliage collected from different altitudes. On an average, between seasons, crude protein ranged from 9.17 to 16.97%, phosphorus 0.08 to 0.16%, potassium 0.28 to 0.76%, crude fiber 13.94 to 19.80%, sugars 1.11 to 1.83%, and starch 4.79 to 6.53%. Altitude also significantly influenced nutritive content. Between altitudes, phosphorus ranged from 0.10 to 0.11%, potassium 0.42 to 0.50%, crude protein 12.66 to 14.02%, crude fiber 1.61 to 1.71%, sugars 1.45 to 1.66%, starch 4.71 to 6.31%, and phenolic 0.43 to 0.78%. Potassium, calcium, crude protein, and starch were significantly positively correlated with altitude of foliage collection. However, dry matter content, phosphorus, and soluble sugars, significantly correlated inversely with altitude.
Journal Article
Consulting on halal meat labelling
The article sets out attempts to normalise the act of non-stun slaughter, and also describes the inexcusable policy of increasing domestic slaughter of UK livestock without prior stunning to 'capitalise on the growing EU Muslim population'. The exemptions in the UK slaughter legislation (The Welfare of Animals at the Time...
Journal Article
Systèmes de production locaux et gestion des ressources pastorales en Albanie. Entre stratégies d’acteurs et évolutions institutionnelles
L’article analyse la dynamique des systèmes d’élevage d’un territoire montagneux albanais sous fortes contraintes socio-économiques, géographiques et historiques. L’objectif est de comprendre les processus qui ont conduit à la coexistence de systèmes d’élevage contrastés dans ce territoire et de montrer comment cette coexistence est liée à l’utilisation des ressources pastorales. Suite à la chute du régime communiste en 1991, la forte migration de la population vers les zones de plaine et la croissance de la demande pour les produits laitiers et carnés ont entraîné une augmentation de la production et de la taille des troupeaux dans ce territoire, avec une pression accrue sur les ressources pastorales. Les enquêtes réalisées dans cinq villages permettent de proposer une typologie des systèmes d’élevage, montrant la diversité des résultats économiques et des usages des ressources pastorales. Ces résultats questionnent l’évolution de l’élevage pastoral en Albanie dans le cadre d’une possible intégration de ce pays à l’Union européenne.
The article analyses the dynamics of livestock systems in an Albanian mountainous territory under strong socio-economic, geographic and historical constraints. The objective is to understand the processes that have led to the coexistence of contrasting livestock systems in this territory and to show how this coexistence is linked to the use of pastoral resources. Following the fall of the communist regime in 1991, the strong migration of the population to the lowland areas and the increase of the demand for dairy and meat products has resulted in increased production and herd size in this territory, with increased pressure on pastoral resources. The surveys carried out in five villages make it possible to propose a typology of livestock systems, showing the diversity of economic results and uses of pastoral resources. These results question the evolution of pastoral farming in Albania in the context of a possible integration of this country into the European Union.
Journal Article