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\"This book reviews current knowledge about multilingualism, including the individual and societal circumstances that contribute to it, the cognitive and neural mechanisms that make it possible, and the dynamics involved in the acquisition, use and loss of multiple languages. The volume highlights the common themes and stimulating insights that emerge when multilingualism is viewed from different but related areas of investigation.\"--Back cover.

Monolingualism-the idea that having just one language is the norm is only a recent invention, dating to late-eighteenth-century Europe. Yet it has become a dominant, if overlooked, structuring principle of modernity. According to this monolingual paradigm, individuals are imagined to be able to think and feel properly only in one language, while multiple languages are seen as a threat to the cohesion of individuals and communities, institutions and disciplines. As a result of this view, writing in anything but one's \"mother tongue\" has come to be seen as an aberration. Beyond the Mother Tongue demonstrates the impact of this monolingual paradigm on literature and culture but also charts incipient moves beyond it. Because newer multilingual forms and practices exist in tension with the paradigm, which alternately obscures, pathologizes, or exoticizes them, this book argues that they can best be understood as \"postmonolingual\" that is, as marked by the continuing force of monolingualism. Focused on canonical and minority writers working in German in the twentieth century, Beyond the Mother Tongue examines distinct forms of multilingualism, such as writing in one socially unsanctioned \"mother tongue\" about another language (Franz Kafka); mobilizing words of foreign derivation as part of a multilingual constellation within one language (Theodor W. Adorno); producing an oeuvre in two separate languages simultaneously (Yoko Tawada); writing by literally translating from the \"mother tongue\" into another language (Emine Sevgi Ozdamar); and mixing different languages, codes, and registers within one text (Feridun Zaimoglu). Through these analyses, Beyond the Mother Tongue suggests that the dimensions of gender, kinship, and affect encoded in the \"mother tongue\" are crucial to the persistence of monolingualism and the challenge of multilingualism

The Occitan literary tradition of the later Middle Ages is a marginal and hybrid phenomenon, caught between the preeminence of French courtly romance and the emergence of Catalan literary prose. In this book, Catherine Léglu brings together, for the first time in English, prose and verse texts that are composed in Occitan, French, and Catalan-sometimes in a mixture of two of these languages. This book challenges the centrality of "canonical" texts and draws attention to the marginal, the complex, and the hybrid. It explores the varied ways in which literary works in the vernacular composed between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries narrate multilingualism and its apparent opponent, the mother tongue. Léglu argues that the mother tongue remains a fantasy, condemned to alienation from linguistic practices that were, by definition, multilingual. As most of the texts studied in this book are works of courtly literature, these linguistic encounters are often narrated indirectly, through literary motifs of love, rape, incest, disguise, and travel.

\"Despite the fact that transnational movement and intercultural encounter are the signs of our present time, questions of belonging and legitimation of citizenship in most West-European countries still largely depend on monolingual norms and the problematic conflation of the idea of a national language with that of the mother tongue. This volume explores literary negotiations of and challenges to this powerful myth of monolingualism in various, mostly West-European cultural contexts. The focus of these explorations ranges from the ethics of mono- and multilingualism and the persistent ideology of nativity and the native speaker, to multilingual strategies and the trials and tribulations of translating multilingual texts. The volume also contains contributions by awarded literary writers, such as Yoko Tawada, Ramsey Nasr, Chika Unigwe and Fouad Laroui: texts that demonstrate the creative multiplicity of language and the disruptive potential of multilingualism in action.\"--Cover p. 4.

This volume approaches current multilingualism as a new linguistic dispensation, in urgent need of research-led, reflective scrutiny. The book addresses the emergent global and local patterns of multingual use and acquisition across the world and explores the major trends that characterize today's multilingualism. Its fifteen chapters discuss a range of issues relating to the quintessential and unique properties of multilingual situations.

‘This is a map of the field of critical literacy – drawn with precision and care. Our guide on the journey is a scholar and teacher, political activist and woman warrior of the greatest strength and wisdom.’ Alan Luke, Queensland University of Technology, Australia ‘Hilary Janks argues that to critically change the educational system you need to understand the interrelationship between language and power. Her framework of dominance, diversity, access and design constitutes a complete theory of critical literacy, one that explains the successes and failures of past and current educational movements. Her thinking has helped me and the U.S. and Canadian teachers I work with outgrow our very selves as we plan new, more powerful, and more critical ways to change education.’ Jerome C. Harste, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA ‘Unlike the biblical prophets, Janks is honoured in her own country, South Africa, for her enormous contribution to language and literacy education in complex linguistic and socio-cultural contexts. As a writer, her special gift is to make the complex accessible in ways that move readers to cry, to laugh, and most of all, to begin or to renew a commitment to critical literacy teaching and research.’ Yvonne Reed, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg ‘Readers who know Janks’ ground-breaking work with critical language awareness with teachers and learners in South Africa have been waiting for this book. For those who don’t, now at last there’s an opportunity to learn how to make critical discourse analysis a central part of a pedagogical repertoire for critical literacy. Immediately helpful to teachers, teacher educators and researchers who are concerned with literacy and power, this fabulous book provides a review of key theory, original approaches to text analyses, and illuminating accounts from classrooms. It makes you want to teach. This will become the essential guidebook for language and literacy educators and researchers.’ Barbara Comber, University of South Australia ‘Hilary Janks develops an innovative model of critical literacy which makes a major contribution to the field. You will look at texts in new ways after reading this book. It will transform your understanding of how language works, it will give you new insights into language and politics in South Africa, and it will provide a principled basis for rethinking the teaching of language and literacy in your own context.’ Roz Ivaniĉ, Lancaster University, UK ‘Admirers of Janks’ scholarship will welcome Literacy and Power and recognise its qualities of lucidity, argumentative coherence, courage and compassion. With its organisation around four interdependent themes of domination, access, diversity and design, this book is the best introduction to critical literacies around.’ Terry Locke, University of Waikato, New Zealand Hilary Janks addresses key questions about literacy and power in this landmark text that is both engaging and accessible. Her central argument is that competing orientations to critical literacy education − domination (power), access, diversity, design − foreground one over the other, but are crucially interdependent and need to work together to create possibilities for redesign and social action that serve a social justice agenda. She examines the theory underpinning each orientation, and develops new theory in the argument for interdependence and integration. Sitting at the interface between theory and practice, constantly moving from one to the other, the text is rich with examples of how to use these orientations in real teaching contexts, and how to use them to counterbalance one another. In the groundbreaking final chapter Janks considers how the rationalist underpinning of critical literacy tends to exclude the non-rational shows ways of working ‘beyond reason’ − pleasure and play, desire and the unconscious − and makes the case that these need to be taken seriously given their power to cut across the work of critical literacy educators working from any orientation.

This book offers an introduction to the many facets of multilingualism in a changing world. It begins with an overview of the multiplicity of human languages and their geographic distribution, before moving on to the key question of what multilingualism actually is and what is understood by terms such as 'mother tongue', 'native speaker', and 'speech community'. In the chapters that follow, Florian Coulmas systematically explores multilingualism with respect to the individual, institutions, cities, nations, and cyberspace. In each of these domains, the dynamics of language choice are undergoing changes as a result of economic, political, and cultural forces. Against this background, two chapters discuss the effects of linguistic diversity on the integration and separation of language and society, before a final chapter describes and assesses research methods for investigating multilingualism. Each chapter concludes with problems and questions for discussion, which place the topic in a real-world context. The book explores where, when, and why multilingualism came to be regarded as a problem, and why it presents a serious challenge for linguistic theory today. It provides the basic tools to analyse different kinds of multilingualism at both the individual and society level, and will be of interest to students of linguistics, sociology, education, and communication studies. -- From publisher's website.

The interactions of the Celtic-speaking communities of Southern Gaul with the Mediterranean world have intrigued commentators since antiquity. This book combines sociolinguistics and archaeology to bring to life the multilingualism and multiple identities of the region from the foundation of the Greek colony of Massalia in 600 BC to the final phases of Roman Imperial power. It builds on the interest generated by the application of modern bilingualism theory to ancient evidence by modelling language contact and community dynamics and adopting an innovative interdisciplinary approach. This produces insights into the entanglements and evolving configurations of a dynamic zone of cultural contact. Key foci of contact-induced change are exposed and new interpretations of cultural phenomena highlight complex origins and influences from the entire Mediterranean koine. Southern Gaul reveals itself to be fertile ground for considering the major themes of multilingualism, ethnolinguistic vitality, multiple identities, colonialism and Mediterraneanization.