Catalogue Search | MBRL
هل أنت متأكد أنك تريد إزالة الكتاب من الرف؟
{{itemTitle}}
365,749
نتائج ل
"Pesticides"
صنف حسب:
Banned : a history of pesticides and the science of toxicology
\"Rachel Carson's seminal book Silent Spring, published in 1962, stands as one of the most important books of the twentieth century. Powerful and eloquent, the book exposed the dangers of indiscriminate chemical pesticide use. It also inspired important and long-lasting changes in environmental science and government policy. In this thought-provoking volume, Frederick Rowe Davis sets Carson's scientific work in the context of the twentieth century, reconsiders her achievement, and analyzes the legacy of her work in the light of toxic chemical use and regulation today. Davis examines the history of pesticide development alongside the evolution of the science of toxicology. He also tracks legislation governing exposure to chemicals from the early 1900s to the end of the century. Against this historical backdrop, the author affirms the brilliance of Carson's careful scientific interpretations drawing on university and government toxicologists. And yet, while Silent Spring instigated legislation that successfully terminated DDT use, other warnings were ignored. Carson and others recognized the extraordinary toxicity of organophosphate insecticides, yet until recently these dominated pesticide markets in the United States and worldwide. In a tragic irony, one poison was replaced with even more dangerous ones. This compelling book urges new thinking about the ways we develop, use, evaluate, and regulate pesticides while taking into account their ecological and human toll.\"--Jacket.
Book
Preparation and Property Characterization of Smsub.2EuSbOsub.7/ZnBiSbOsub.5 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Parathion Methyl under Visible Light Irradiation
An unprecedented photocatalyst, Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7], was successfully fabricated in this paper, through a high-temperature solid-state calcination method, which represented its first ever synthesis. Additionally, using the solvothermal method, the Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7]/ZnBiSbO[sub.5] heterojunction photocatalyst (SZHP) was fabricated, marking its debut in this study. XRD analysis confirmed that both Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7] and ZnBiSbO[sub.5] exhibited pyrochlore-type crystal structures with a cubic lattice, belonging to the Fd3m space group. The crystal cell parameter was determined to be 10.5682 Å or 10.2943 Å for Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7] or ZnBiSbO[sub.5], respectively. The band gap width measured for Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7] or ZnBiSbO[sub.5] was 2.73 eV or 2.61 eV, respectively. Under visible light irradiation for 150 min (VLTI-150 min), SZHP exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity, achieving 100% removal of parathion methyl (PM) concentration and 99.45% removal of total organic carbon (TOC) concentration. The kinetic constant (k) for PM degradation and visible light illumination treatment was determined to be 0.0206 min[sup.−1], with a similar constant k of 0.0202 min[sup.−1] observed for TOC degradation. Remarkably, SZHP exhibited superior PM removal rates compared with Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7], ZnBiSbO[sub.5], or N-doped TiO[sub.2] photocatalyst, accompanied by removal rates 1.09 times, 1.20 times, or 2.38 times higher, respectively. Furthermore, the study investigated the oxidizing capability of free radicals through the use of trapping agents. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals had the strongest oxidative capability, followed by superoxide anions and holes. These findings provide a solid scientific foundation for future research and development of efficient heterojunction compound catalysts.
Journal Article
Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators
Pollinators play a vital role in ecosystem health and are essential to ensuring food security. With declines in both managed and wild pollinator populations in recent years, scientists and regulators have sought answers to this problem and have explored implementing steps to protect pollinator populations now and for the future. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators focuses on the role pesticides play in impacting bee populations and looks to develop a risk assessment process, along with the data to inform that process, to better assess the potential risks that can accompany the use of pesticide products. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators opens with two chapters that provide a biological background of both Apis and non- Apis species of pollinators. Chapters then present an overview of the general regulatory risk assessment process and decision-making processes. The book then discusses the core elements of a risk assessment, including exposure estimation, laboratory testing, and field testing. The book concludes with chapters on statistical and modeling tools, and proposed additional research that may be useful in developing the ability to assess the impacts of pesticide use on pollinator populations. Summarizing the current state of the science surrounding risk assessment for Apis and non- Apis species, Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators is a timely work that will be of great use to the environmental science and agricultural research communities. * Assesses pesticide risk to native and managed pollinators * Summarizes the state of the science in toxicity testing and risk assessment * Provides valuable biological overviews of both Apis and non- Apis pollinators * Develops a plausible overall risk assessment framework for regulatory decision making * Looks towards a globally harmonized approach for pollinator toxicity and risk assessment
eBook
Understanding Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
Explores Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring's historical context and its influence on and repercussions for the world.
Book
Efficient and Stable Degradation of Triazophos Pesticide by TiOsub.2/WOsub.3 Nanocomposites with S-Scheme Heterojunctions and Oxygen Defects
The prevalent utilization of organophosphorus pesticides presents a profound risk to the global environment, necessitating the immediate development of a secure and reliable methodology to mitigate this hazard. Photocatalytic technology, through the generation of robust oxidizing free radicals by suitable catalysts, offers a viable solution by effectively oxidizing organophosphorus pesticides, thus preserving environmental well-being. In this study, we successfully synthesized TiO[sub.2]/WO[sub.3] (TO/WO) nanocomposites characterized by oxygen defects and S-scheme heterojunctions, demonstrating superior photocatalytic activity in the degradation of triazophos. Notably, the 60-TO/WO nanocomposite, wherein the proportion of WO comprises 60% of the total, exhibited optimal photocatalytic degradation activity, achieving a degradation rate of 78% within 120 min, and demonstrating exceptional stability, maintaining impressive degradation activity across four cycles. This performance was notably superior to that of standalone TO and WO. The presence of oxygen defects in WO was corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The mechanism at the heterojunction of the 60-TO/WO nanocomposite, identified as an S-scheme, was also confirmed by EPR and theoretical computations. Oxygen defects expedite charge transfer and effectively enhance the photocatalytic reaction, while the S-scheme effectively segregates photogenerated electrons and holes, thereby optimizing the photocatalytic oxidation of triazophos. This study introduces a novel nanocomposite material, characterized by oxygen defects and the S-scheme heterojunction, capable of effectively degrading triazophos and promoting environmental health.
Journal Article
Insecticides-soil microbiota interactions
This book provides information about the nontarget nature of selected soil enzymes which are implicated in soil fertility and health and the methods for their assay. It also shows how these soil enzymes are affected by two different pesticides, buprofezin and acephate, used both extensively and intensively in modern agriculture.
Book
Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment
Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world's population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production. About one-third of agricultural products are produced depending on the application of pesticides. Without the use of pesticides, there would be a 78% loss of fruit production, a 54% loss of vegetable production, and a 32% loss of cereal production. Therefore, pesticides play a critical role in reducing diseases and increasing crop yields worldwide. Thus, it is essential to discuss the agricultural development process; the historical perspective, types and specific uses of pesticides; and pesticide behavior, its contamination, and adverse effects on the natural environment. The review study indicates that agricultural development has a long history in many places around the world. The history of pesticide use can be divided into three periods of time. Pesticides are classified by different classification terms such as chemical classes, functional groups, modes of action, and toxicity. Pesticides are used to kill pests and control weeds using chemical ingredients; hence, they can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants, as well as air, water, soil, and crops. Moreover, pesticide contamination moves away from the target plants, resulting in environmental pollution. Such chemical residues impact human health through environmental and food contamination. In addition, climate change-related factors also impact on pesticide application and result in increased pesticide usage and pesticide pollution. Therefore, this review will provide the scientific information necessary for pesticide application and management in the future.
Journal Article
