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559
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"Tulips"
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Genetic Diversity of Potyviruses Associated with Tulip Breaking Syndrome
Tulip breaking is economically the most important viral disease of modern-day tulip growing. It is characterized by irregular flame and feather-like patterns in the flowers and mosaic on the foliage. Thirty-two leaf samples were collected from cultivated tulip plants showing tulip breaking syndrome from Hungary in 2017 and 2018. Virus identification was performed by serological (ELISA) and molecular (RT-PCR) methods. All samples proved to be infected with a potyvirus and evidence was provided that three potyvirus species could be identified in the samples:
(LMoV),
(TBV) and Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus (ReTBV). Recombination prediction accomplished with Recombination Detection Program (RDP) v4.98 revealed potential intraspecies recombination in the case of TBV and LMoV. Phylogenetic analyses of the coat protein (CP) regions proved the monophyletic origin of these viruses and verified them as three different species according to current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) species demarcation criteria. Based on these results, we analyzed taxonomic relations concerning potyviruses associated with tulip breaking syndrome. We propose the elevation of ReTBV to species level, and emergence of two new subgroups in ReTBV.
Journal Article
From bulb to tulip
How do onion-shaped tulip bulbs become the beautiful blooms in your garden? Follow each step--from planting the bulbs to caring for the flowers--in this fascinating book! Start to Finish titles help readers examine how things are made and teach students sequential thinking skills and vocabulary
Book
Rediscovery of Tulipa sylvestris subsp. primulina (Baker) Maire & Weiller in the Belezma National Park (north-eastern Algeria)
In the spring of 2022, botanical surveys carried out in the Belezma National Park allowed the rediscovery of
subsp.
, a rare and endemic Algerian-Moroccan species. The provided photographs as well as an accurate description of the plant facilitate its identification. The added map shows its distribution throughout Algeria.
Journal Article
Tulips : beautiful varieties for home and garden
Jane Eastoe's passion for gardening and Rachel Werne's spectacular photography combine to showcase these gorgeous bulbs and show that anyone can grow and enjoy tulips at home. Tulips have more than 3,000 variations and their diverse textures mean that they can work anywhere, from vases to garden plots, from romantic bouquets to wedding boutonnieres. Along with the fascinating history of the flowers, Tulips details more than 50 of the most beautiful varieties, detailing when they bloom, their size, and, of course, what they'll look like. From the raspberry swirl of Zurel and the petticoat-like frills of Weber's Parrot, to the crystal rim of the Mascotte and the flaming petals of the Fabio tulip, you'll discover a stunning range of specimens to grow, including historical and contemporary varieties. With engaging commentary on each bloom, easy-to-follow advice and glorious photography, this book will appeal to everyone who appreciates the majesty of the tulip.
Book
Effect of Temperature on Breaking of Morphophysiological Dormancy and Seed Germination Leading to Bulblet Production in Two Endemic Tulip Species from Greece
Due to botanical tulips' economic interest coupled with limited information regarding their seed germination, we investigated the effect of temperature on dormancy release and germination in two endangered local endemic tulip species of Greece (
Heldr.,
Heldr.). Their germination responses at five constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C) were evaluated in growth chambers, while the type of seed dormancy and the temperature effect on its release were determined based on open-sourced, R-derived species-specific ecological profiles illustrating abiotic conditions of their wild habitats. The results indicated a range-specific temperature dependence in seed germination for both studied species with seed germination observed only in very low temperatures (5-10 °C). The seeds of both species after dispersal had an underdeveloped embryo. The existence of a complex morphophysiological seed dormancy was confirmed in both species by the significant embryo development only at 5 and 10 °C (almost doubled after 30 days) coupled with observed delay in germination only at low temperatures. Furthermore, to facilitate their cultivation and ex situ conservation, the germinated seeds were planted in pots to develop bulblets in greenhouse conditions resulting in bigger
bulblets compared to
.
Journal Article
The genus tulipa : tulips of the world
'The Genus Tulipa' is a complete survey of tulip species to date. Each species is illustrated by a botanical painting by artist and author Diana Everett, with accompanying colour photographs of the plants in habitat and distribution maps.
Book
Three-dimensional architecture of extended synaptotagmin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites
The close apposition between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) plays important roles in Ca ²⁺ homeostasis, signaling, and lipid metabolism. The extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts; tricalbins in yeast) are ER-anchored proteins that mediate the tethering of the ER to the PM and are thought to mediate lipid transfer between the two membranes. E-Syt cytoplasmic domains comprise a synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid–binding protein (SMP) domain followed by five C2 domains in E-Syt1 and three C2 domains in E-Syt2/3. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to study the 3D architecture of E-Syt–mediated ER–PM contacts at molecular resolution. In vitrified frozen-hydrated mammalian cells overexpressing individual E-Syts, in which E-Syt–dependent contacts were by far the predominant contacts, ER–PM distance (19–22 nm) correlated with the amino acid length of the cytosolic region of E-Syts (i.e., the number of C2 domains). Elevation of cytosolic Ca ²⁺ shortened the ER–PM distance at E-Syt1–dependent contacts sites. E-Syt–mediated contacts displayed a characteristic electron-dense layer between the ER and the PM. These features were strikingly different from those observed in cells exposed to conditions that induce contacts mediated by the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the Ca ²⁺ channel Orai1 as well as store operated Ca ²⁺ entry. In these cells the gap between the ER and the PM was spanned by filamentous structures perpendicular to the membranes. Our results define specific ultrastructural features of E-Syt–dependent ER–PM contacts and reveal their structural plasticity, which may impact on the cross-talk between the ER and the PM and the functions of E-Syts in lipid transport between the two bilayers.
Significance Membrane contact sites, the sites of close physical proximity between intracellular membranes, are emerging as key players in multiple cellular processes. In particular, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) contact sites play important roles in calcium homeostasis, signaling, and lipid regulation/exchange. However, the architecture of these contact sites remains poorly understood. Here we study the 3D architecture of ER–PM contact sites at molecular resolution using cryo-electron tomography. We define the structural signature of the ER–PM tethers mediated by the extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts) and show that E-Syts regulate ER–PM distance in a cytosolic Ca ²⁺-dependent manner. These findings provide an important foundation towards elucidating E-Syt function and more generally the mechanisms of cross-talk between the ER and the PM.
Journal Article