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This research paper explores much of the basic and background knowledge of English and Bangla sentence patterns or structures as well as tries to compare and contrast between these two very languages, English and Bangla at the sentential levels. As it is known the concept of basic sentence structures is necessary for classroom teaching and learning to perceive the subtleties of language at the highest unit of grammar, this study is expected to facilitate the understanding of bilingual relationships between them (may be as a native or a foreign language) for researchers, teachers, learners and/or speakers of both the languages. The ideas drawn from the findings in this paper will also help one in the field of translating amid these two languages which is pedagogically very significant as well. For a few dissimilarities, we often notice greatly faulty grammatical constructions both in English and Bangla, when learners or users shift from one to another. So, this study of the two types of sentence patterns along with their components will be of considerable use to many, specially to those who teach, learn or use these languages.

This research paper is designed with a view to looking into various problems of translating Arabic texts into English and fixing them with prospective and suitable solutions. As translation is a very sensitive and subtle task of language studies, it involves some serious issues to deal with. However, it becomes a more complex task when we translate from Arabic to English. So, a translator must have the critical linguistic knowledge in tackling both the surface and underlying relations of language. Translation also entails the transferring and transforming a variety of characteristic elements from one language into the other. As Arabic and English are of different and distant origins, any translation from one script into the other poses a lot of difficulties such as in the areas of vocabulary, grammar, sound, style and usage. The present paper addresses the problems relating to translating the Arabic texts, specially of the language, into English as well as resolving the obstructions in a practical, possible and acceptable way on the bases of types of readership, text, context, culture and so forth. To make this work more accessible to the non-native users of the Arabic language, Arabic IPA transcriptions are furnished wherever necessary.

This study addresses some significant issues related to Bangla-Arabic translation and their possible solutions. It describes the types of translation and the role played by the translator in the overall process. As translation is a complex and subtle area of language studies, translators must be conscious of all the probable professional intricacies. They primarily deal with the meanings; however, they also manipulate the transfer of all the corresponding characteristic elements of the source language into the target one. Translation from Bangla to Arabic is more complicated since it manages two languages with entirely different origins. The bulk of the complications in translation arises because of the fundamental differences between the two languages’ grammar, lexicon, usage, stylistics and phonology. This research tries to equip the Bangla-Arabic translators with the necessary knowledge about the related problems and the skills that may help them find smart solutions.  Finally, some practical recommendations are given to the experts as well as student translators and feasible suggestions are also extended to the future researchers.

The full potential and practical applications of an Artificial Intelligence-based language teaching and learning scenario still need to be fully understood. Previous studies have focused on theoretical concepts and specific tools or features, leaving gaps in understanding AI’s overall impact and effectiveness from EFL teachers’ perspective. Therefore, this study explores AI’s potential for teaching, learning, and professional development in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL)/English as a second language (ESL). This quantitative study closely evaluated the opportunities and obstacles of AI in English Language Teaching (ELT) to gauge its transformative potential. This study would substantially contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of AI in teaching English through a comprehensive analysis of such factors along with the primary data collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The study shows that AI-powered engagement strategies can transform education and training for EFL/ESL students and teachers. Therefore, its implementation is important. The participants believed that even if the application of AI in ELT has many disadvantages, AI benefits teachers' professional development and learners' academic achievement. This study can help teachers and policymakers make informed choices about using AI tools in ELT.

This research work sets out to explore the major distinctions between Arabic and Bangla—the languages with unidentical origins. Comparing and analyzing the various features of these two languages requires huge linguistic expertise in the respective fields as it is a most complicated job for anyone to accomplish. Arabic and Bangla are two of the leading languages of the world, specially in terms of their number of speakers and the growing demands. As Arabic and Bangla are from unalike families of languages, they differ a lot in the word class, grammar, pronunciation, usage and so forth. The sentence in Arabic is divided into two types: verbal i.e. V+S+C and nominal i.e. S+C; while the typical Bangla sentence pattern is inflexion-based i.e. S+C+V. Like any other vocalized languages, Bangla has eleven vowels, but Arabic has no such vowels since Arabic alphabet is considered an ‘abjad’ (i.e. ‘أبجدية’ /aːbʤadiah/) meaning a ‘consonantal alphabet’ and so the syllable is often formed without any vowels. Moreover, Arabic writing starts from right to left, whereas Bangla is from left to right. Despite all these differences, Arabic and Bangla have some similarities as well. For instance, they do not have any differences between the upper case and the lower case. Besides, Arabic and Bangla are phonetic and rhotic languages. Nevertheless, there are a few more minor differences between Arabic and Bangla. Hence, this paper is intended to provide the learners, users, as well as teachers of the two languages with some important facts and findings which are often faced in writing, speaking and translating.

This research paper aims to investigate and analyze the syntax and semantics of verb phrases in both English and Bangla, with a view of identifying their major similarities and differences. Though English and Bangla verb phrases have a lot of likenesses, they vary in their structure, function and meaning. The term ‘verb’ is often considered to be a most vital syntactic and semantic component of any language. It is, both in English and Bangla, defined as a linguistic unit expressing some ‘action’ or ‘state’. Syntactically, the verb appears as a part or constituent of a phrase and is usually modified or complemented in some way(s): the verb complemented by noun(s), adjective(s), adverb(s), adverb participle(s), infinitive(s) etc. and the main verb is the ‘head’ accompanies other verbs, generally the copulas, verbs to have, modals etc. The verb phrase also involves the so-called concept which is traditionally termed a ‘predicate’. Moreover, in order to analyze the verb phrase semantically too, this research attempts to study the internal structure of the verb phrase consisting of the auxiliary verb and the main verb, where the role of main verbs is to convey the semantic content of the verb phrase and set up various relationships with all the other elements in the sentence. Here, the auxiliary verb often indicates aspect, tense, mood, voice, etc. So, this research is intended to provide readers and learners of both languages with necessary information about the similarities and differences in the verb phrases of English and Bangla.

The current research paper details a number of essential issues and aspects of English to Bangla translation by investigating the challenges and tries to find out some potential means to solve the problems often encountered. Translation is a most intricate and delicate job that usually associates various phases of language. So, a translator must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations of language because any translation should have the same virtues as the original and inspire the same responses in its readers in the new language. In translation, we translate or transfer ‘meaning’– the product of various language components – from the source language, English into the target language, Bangla. Translation from English to Bangla creates scores of difficulties although they are of the same origin. Translation is a multi-step process where all the problems could fall under five major areas of language: syntactic, semantic, stylistic, phonological and usage. This research focuses on the pragmatic discourses and analyses of translating English into Bangla.