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"Chen, Sanping"
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Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages
In contrast to the economic and cultural dominance by the south and the east coast over the past several centuries, influence in China in the early Middle Ages was centered in the north and featured a significantly multicultural society. Many events that were profoundly formative for the future of East Asian civilization occurred during this period, although much of this multiculturalism has long been obscured due to the Confucian monopoly of written records. Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages endeavors to expose a number of long-hidden non-Sinitic characteristics and manifestations of heritage, some lasting to this very day.Sanping Chen investigates several foundational aspects of Chinese culture during this period, including the legendary unicorn and the fabled heroine Mulan, to determine the origin and development of the lore. His meticulous research yields surprising results. For instance, he finds that the character Mulan is not of Chinese origin and that Central Asian influences are to be found in language, religion, governance, and other fundamental characteristics of Chinese culture. As Victor Mair writes in the Foreword, \"While not everyone will acquiesce in the entirety of Dr. Chen's findings, no reputable scholar can afford to ignore them with impunity.\"These \"foreign\"-origin elements were largely the legacy of the Tuoba, whose descendants in fact dominated China's political and cultural stage for nearly a millennium. Long before the Mongols, the Tuoba set a precedent for \"using the civilized to rule the civilized\" by attracting a large number of sedentary Central Asians to East Asia. This not only added a strong pre-Islamic Iranian layer to the contemporary Sinitic culture but also commenced China's golden age under the cosmopolitan Tang dynasty, whose nominally \"Chinese\" ruling house is revealed by Chen to be the biological and cultural heir of the Tuoba.
eBook
Chinese lives : the people who made a civilization
Tells the story of China through 96 short biographies.
Book
Bai Juyi and Manna
This article is about the ubiquitous nature of a central Asian plant, today referred to as “camel grass 駱駝草” in Xinjiang. It will be argued that the very same grass, strictly speaking a shrub named Alhagi maurorum, is identical to the heluo 紇邏 mentioned in Tang sources, with clear connections to both Iranian and Central Asian Turkic documents. Widely appreciated for growing in steppes and deserts, and for the famed honey produced from its blossoms, it forms an intriguing parallel to the Biblical “manna”.
Journal Article
On the Goodness Brought by the Ugly Barbarians
In early medieval China, the word hu 胡, at the time referring primarily to Iranian-speaking Central Asians, came to be used in a large group of personal names whose bearers ranged from ordinary people to a member of the Tang royal family. This paper examines the true meaning of these personal names, which has neither been recorded in known primary sources nor been explained in any dictionary, ancient or modern. Using both Sinitic and Iranian onomastic data, these names are shown to be part of the Iranization of Chinese nomenclature. They showcase the breadth and depth of the pre-Islamic Iranian cultural influence in medieval China.
Journal Article
“Age Inflation and Deflation” in Medieval China
Using the twelve-year animal cycle, this paper uncovers and examines the dual phenomena of “age inflation” and “age deflation” in medieval China. While the first part raises serious doubt on the accuracy of the conventional method for calculating birth year in premodern China, the second section examining the deflation phenomenon provides yet another proof of the omnipotent law of economic rationality.
Journal Article
Heteroatom Doping Synergistic Iron Nitride Induced Charge Redistribution of Carbon based Electrocatalyst with Boosted Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is Achilles’ heel of zinc‐air battery. The ideal electrocatalyst for ORR should combine both high activity and high stability. In order to achieve this goal, a new N, S co‐doped carbon coated Fe3N nanoparticles electrocatalyst with redistributed charge was designed and synthesized. The doping of S elements destroyed the ordered structure of carbon matrix, which cooperated with Fe3N nanoparticles to cause charge redistribution of carbon atoms. Furthermore, the carbon shell protected Fe3N from corrosion during the electrocatalytic process. Fe3N/NSC electrocatalyst showed excellent ORR property with E1/2=0.86 V, and the zinc‐air battery assembled based on it could run stably for more than 650 hours. This work provides a strategy to regulate the redistributed charge of carbon atoms to boost its electrocatalytic activity and stability together.
Carbon shelter: Fe3N@NSC with high activity and excellent stability was synthesized by a facile process. The high activity was obtained due to the co‐doping of N and S into carbon matrix collaboratively with Fe3N that lead to the outflow of electrons from carbon, and the exposure of more positive charges on carbon atoms. Carbon shell protected Fe3N from corrosion during the electrocatalytic process and afforded its excellent stability. Thus, the zinc air battery (ZAB) assembled with Fe3N@NSC as cathode showed great potential for practical applications.
Journal Article
“Godly Worm” and the “Literati Prism” of Chinese Sources
This essay is a case study of the inherent gentry bias of traditional Chinese sources, which tends to condition modern readers to view ancient East Asia through a “literati prism.” Using medieval onomastic data, the essay demonstrates the distorting effects caused by this prism, as well as the enigmas it engenders. In addition, the essay highlights a long-ignored legacy of early medieval nomadic conquests of northern China—the vulgarization of Chinese high culture.
Journal Article
Water-induced reversible dissolution/reorganization transformations of Cu(II)-K(I) heterometallic coordination polymers
Three new heterometallic coordination compounds, namely, [KCu(I
3
)(L)
2
(H
2
O)
2
]
n
(
1
), [KCu(I
3
)(L)
2
(H
2
O)]
n
(
2
) and [CuK
4
(I
3
)
2
(L′)
4
]
n
(
3
), were prepared and characterized (HL=5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, HL′=p-tolylacetic acid). Structural studies revealed that
1
and
2
exhibit 3D frameworks with rectangular channels occupied by triiodide ions. Both compounds can be symbolized as a 5-connected net with
pcu
topology. In compound
3
, a one-dimensional polyhedral chain is connected by hexanuclear mask like clusters [Cu
2
K
4
O
8
]. These chains are further linked each other via rare (1,1,3,3)-triiodide ion-bridging units to generate a 3D (4,5,6)-connected net with the point symbol of {12}
2
{4·12
2
}
4
{4
6
}{4
8
·6
2
}
4
{4
9
·6
6
}
4
. It is noteworthy that water-induced reversible dissolution/reorganization processes occur between
1
/
2
and [Cu(L)
2
(H
2
O)]
n
·3
n
H
2
O. The thermal and photoluminescence properties of compounds
1
,
2
, and
3
were investigated as well.
Journal Article
3D Co(II, III) mixed-valence metal-organic framework affording field-induced slow magnetic relaxation
A 3D mixed-valence Co(III)-Co(II) compound [Co
9
(bta)
10
(Hbta)
2
(H
2
O)
10
]
n
·[22(H
2
O)]
n
(
1
) (H
2
bta=
N
,
N
-bis(1
H
-tetrazole-5-yl)-amine) was hydrothermally synthesized by reaction of Co(NO
3
)
2
·6H
2
O with H
2
bta·H
2
O. Compound
1
consists of three kinds of distorted-octahedral [Co
II
(N
4
O
2
)] paramagnetic nodes which are separated by [Co
III
(bta)
2
(Hbta)]
2−
/[Co
III
(bta)
3
]
3−
diamagnetic linkers to generate a 3D porous metal-organic framework (MOF) with alternative ⋯Co(III)⋯Co(II)⋯ array and channels incorporating water molecules. Under an applied magnetic field of 4000 Oe, compound
1
exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization at low temperatures, giving Δ
E
/
k
B
=30.00 K and τ
0
=2.0×10
−8
s.
Journal Article