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An easy prepared probe, BHMMP, was designed and synthesized, which displayed a significant fluorescence enhancement (over 38-fold) and obvious color change in the recognition of Al3+. The binding ratio of probe BHMMP to Al3+ was determined as 1:1, according to Job plot. The binding mechanism was fully clarified by the experiments, such as FT-IR spectrum, ESI–MS analysis, and 1H NMR titration. A DFT study further confirmed the binding mode of BHMMP to Al3+. The limit of detection (LOD) for Al3+ was determined as low as 0.70 µM, based on the fluorescence titration of BHMMP. Moreover, the results from real sample experiments, including real water samples, test papers, and cell images, well-demonstrated that BHMMP was capable of sensing Al3+ in environmental and biological systems.

Heavy metal cadmium (II) residuals have inflicted severe damage to human health and ecosystems. It has become imperative to devise straightforward and highly selective sensing methods for the detection of Cd2+. In this work, a ratiometric benzothiazole-based fluorescence probe (BQFA) was effortlessly synthesized and characterized using standard optical techniques for the visual detection of Cd2+ with a change in color from blue to green, exhibiting a significant Stokes shift. Moreover, the binding ratio of BQFA to Cd2+ was established as 1:1 by the Job’s plot and was further confirmed by FT-IR and 1HNMR titrations. The ratiometric fluorescence response via the ICT mechanism was confirmed by DFT calculations. Furthermore, the limit of detection for detecting Cd2+ was determined to be 68 nM. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that BQFA showed good performance in real water samples, paper strips, smartphone colorimetric identification, and cell imaging.

Food poisoning is caused by pathogenic bacteria in water and aquatic products, especially bivalves (e.g., oysters, clams), which can bioaccumulate pathogenic bacteria. Polluted water and aquatic products thus pose a serious threat to human health and safety. In this study, the types of pathogenic bacteria in water samples and shellfish collected from the Dadeng offshore area in Xiamen were examined. We also analyzed the relationships between dominant pathogens and major climate and water quality parameters. Our objective was to provide reference data that may be used to help prevent bacterial infections and to improve aquatic food hygiene in Xiamen and its surrounding areas to safe levels, thus ensuring the health of Xiamen residents. We found that the main pathogenic bacteria were Vibrio and Bacillus , with the dominant pathogen being Vibrio parahaemolyticus . Physical and chemical indexes (water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) of water bodies and the 3-day accumulated rainfall were found to be important factors affecting the occurrence and abundance of V. parahaemolyticus .

In this paper, we study a conservative difference scheme for the sine-Gordon equation (SGE) with the Riesz space fractional derivative. We rigorously establish the conservation property and solvability of the difference scheme. We discuss the stability and convergence of the difference scheme in the L∞ norm. To reduce the computational complexity, we introduce a revised Newton method for implementing the difference scheme. Finally, we provide several numerical experiments to support the theoretical results.

Plant vacuolar-type Na+, K+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in pH and K+ homeostasis and osmotic balance under normal physiological conditions. Under salt stress, vacuolar-type NHX enhances salt tolerance by compartmentalizing Na+ into vacuoles. However, the ion transport mechanism of vacuolar-type NHX remains poorly understood due to the absence of resolved protein crystal structures. To investigate the ion transport mechanism for vacuolar-type NHX, the three-dimensional structure of rice vacuolar-type NHX1 (OsNHX1) was established through homology modeling and AlphaFold3.0. The OsNHX1 model contains thirteen transmembrane segments according to hydrophobic characteristics and empirical and phylogenetic data. Furthermore, this study validated the OsNHX1 model via functional experiments, revealing a set of key charged amino acids essential for its activity. Mapping these amino acids onto the OsNHX1 model revealed that its pore domain exhibits a transmembrane charge-compensated pattern similar to that of NHE1 while also displaying a distinct charge distribution on either side of the pore domain. Comparative analysis of the key amino acid sites responsible for ion transport in the crystal structure of OsSOS1 and NHE1 revealed that OsNHX1 employs a unique ion transport mechanism. This study will enhance our understanding of the function and catalytic mechanism of OsNHX1 and other plant vacuolar-type NHXs.

Endometriosis (EMT) is an aggressive disease of the reproductive system, also called “benign cancer”. However, effective treatments for EMT are still lacking in clinical practice. Interestingly, immune infiltration is significantly involved in EMT pathogenesis. Currently, no studies have shown the involvement of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in regulating immune infiltration in EMT. This study identified three CRGs such as GLS, NFE2L2, and PDHA1, associated with EMT using machine learning algorithms. These three CRGs were upregulated in the endometrium of patients with moderate/severe EMT and downregulated in patients with infertility. Single sample genomic enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) revealed that these CRGs were closely correlated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, these CRGs were correlated with immune cells such as eosinophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Therefore, profiling patients based on these genes aid in a more accurate diagnosis of EMT progression. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GLS, NFE2L2 and PDHA1 were validated by qRT-PCR and WB studies in EMT samples. These findings provide a new idea for the pathology and treatment of endometriosis, suggesting that CRGs such as GLS, NFE2L2 and PDHA1 may play a key role in the occurrence and development of endometriosis.

Basing on the nonuniform fast L1 formula, an efficient numerical scheme is proposed for nonlinear time–space fractional parabolic equations. The stability and convergence of the numerical scheme are rigorously established. The discrete energy dissipation property of the numerical scheme based on graded temporal mesh is given. Finally, several numerical experiments are provided to verify the theoretical results.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical value of leukocyte-reduced blood component transfusion in elderly cancer patients undergoing transfusion therapy. 方法： 共纳入 2022 年 8 月至 2023年8月在我院接受输血治疗的 80 例老年癌症患者。根据输血方法，将患者分为对照组 （n=40，常规悬浮红细胞输注） 和实验组 （n=40，白细胞减少成分输注）。比较两组治疗效果、不良反应发生率、术后感染率和手术切口愈合时间。 结果： 与对照组相比，实验组临床疗效明显升高，不良反应和术后感染发生率更低，切口愈合时间更短。差异具有统计学意义 （P < 0.05）。 结论： 白细胞减少成分输注满足老年癌症患者的临床需求，显著提高治疗效果，减少不良反应和感染，缩短切口愈合时间。因此，建议在临床上更广泛地采用。

With outstanding AIE effect, TPE-substituted chalcone derivatives were widely used in the field of mechanochromic luminescent materials, chemical sensors, biosensing, etc. However, TPE-substituted chalcones which could function as pH indicator have not yet been reported until now. In this paper, three novel TPE-substituted chalcones were designed and synthesized as pH indicator for the first time. These TPE-substituted chalcones exhibited sensitive pH-chromic properties with continuous end points (pH = 9.77, 10.98 and 11.51 respectively). These pH indicators can be employed in fabrication of pH strips with higher accuracy compared to universal pH strips. Detection of Et 3 N can also be realized by these TPE-substituted chalcones with advantages in low cost, high sensitivity, easy-handle and real-time.

Liver cancer is a cunning malignancy with a high incidence and mortality rate among cancers worldwide. The NPC gene family members (NPCs: NPC1, NPC2, and NPC1L1) are closely linked to the development of multiple cancers, but their role in liver cancer remains unclear. As a result, we must investigate their functions in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). NPCs were significantly differentially expressed between normal and LIHC tissues, with a high mutation frequency in LIHC. The ROC curve analysis revealed that NPC1/NPC2 had high diagnostic and prognostic values in LIHC. NPC1 expression was also found to be negatively correlated with its methylation level. The differentially expressed genes between high and low NPC1 expression groups in LIHC were mainly related to channel activity, transporter complexes, and plasma membrane adhesion molecules. Additionally, NPC1 expression was significantly associated with multiple immune cells and immunization checkpoints. It was hypothesized that a TUG1/SNHG4-miR-148a-3p-NPC1 regulatory axis is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, the protein expression of NPC1 in LIHC tissues and paraneoplastic tissues was detected, and NPC1-knockdown HepG2 cells (NPC1 KO ) inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study helped to identify new prognostic markers and potential immunotherapeutic targets for LIHC and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC1 regulation in LIHC. The NPCs play a key role in the prognosis and diagnosis of LIHC and may be an important indicator for LIHC prognosis and diagnosis; NPC1 might be a potential therapeutic target in LIHC.