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"Masonry."
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Practical masonry
'Practical Masonry' has for many years been one of the best technical stonemasonry books available for both apprentices and experienced masons. Originally written in 1896, it was revised and updated in 1904. This is a facsimile version of that fifth edition.
Book
Eyüp’te Kurtarılması Gereken Bir Yapı: Balçık Tekkesi
Balçık Tekkesi İstanbul, Eyüp semtinde Fatih devrinde eğitim yapısı olarak inşa edilmiş olan Darülhadis binasının yerinde kurulmuştur. 16. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru tesis edilen yapı zaman içerisinde birkaç defa yenilenerek varlığını 20. yüzyılın başına kadar sürdürmüştür. 1925 yılında terk edilen yapı, 1939 yılında geçirdiği bir yangınla harap olmuş ve büyük oranda ortadan kalkmıştır. Kuruluşundan itibaren sırasıyla Halvetî/Sünbülî, Halvetî/Uşşakî ve Sa’dî tekkesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde ulaşan türbede lahit şeklinde ele alınmış üç adedi taş sandukalı olmak üzere biri sade, dört kabir vardır. Bu kabirlerde tespit edilen şahidelerde yazılı olan kitabeler Arapçadır. Bunlar Derviş Muhammed, Aişe Sultan (1584), Hasan oğlu Mustafa Bey (1606), Ahmed oğlu Mehmed Bey (1609), Mehemmed Bey (1623)’e aittir. Ayrıca kaynaklar bu türbede ve hazirede Tarihçi Şemdânîzâde Süleymân Efendi ile tekkenin ilk sekiz şeyhin kabirlerinin de olduğunu belirtmektedir. Kâgir ve ahşap yapılardan oluşan tekkede Mescid-tevhidhane ve türbe mekânları kağir duvarlıdır. Almaşık örgülü duvarlarda bir sıra kesme küfeki taşı ile iki sıra tuğla kullanılmıştır. Yapının dıştan kiremit kaplı ahşap çatı ile örtülü olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Doğu ve kuzey yönünde köşeye yakın konumda kesme taş söveli, yuvarlak kemerli açıklıklı ve demir şebekeli pencereler türbe yapısına aittir. Türbenin batı yanında ve türbeye bitişik konumda kareye yakın planda ele alınmış olan mescid-tevhidhane mekânının kıble duvarı günümüzde yıkılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Balçık Tekkesi’nin tarihi süreçteki değişimi ve günümüzdeki durumu ele alınmıştır.
Journal Article
Be a mason
\"In this book, readers will learn what it is like to work as a mason. They will find out what masons do each day, what kind of education is required to become a mason, and much more.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Shake-table testing of a stone masonry building aggregate: overview of blind prediction study
City centres of Europe are often composed of unreinforced masonry structural aggregates, whose seismic response is challenging to predict. To advance the state of the art on the seismic response of these aggregates, the Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures (AIMS) subproject from Horizon 2020 project Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA) provides shake-table test data of a two-unit, double-leaf stone masonry aggregate subjected to two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. A blind prediction was organized with participants from academia and industry to test modelling approaches and assumptions and to learn about the extent of uncertainty in modelling for such masonry aggregates. The participants were provided with the full set of material and geometrical data, construction details and original seismic input and asked to predict prior to the test the expected seismic response in terms of damage mechanisms, base-shear forces, and roof displacements. The modelling approaches used differ significantly in the level of detail and the modelling assumptions. This paper provides an overview of the adopted modelling approaches and their subsequent predictions. It further discusses the range of assumptions made when modelling masonry walls, floors and connections, and aims at discovering how the common solutions regarding modelling masonry in general, and masonry aggregates in particular, affect the results. The results are evaluated both in terms of damage mechanisms, base shear forces, displacements and interface openings in both directions, and then compared with the experimental results. The modelling approaches featuring Discrete Element Method (DEM) led to the best predictions in terms of displacements, while a submission using rigid block limit analysis led to the best prediction in terms of damage mechanisms. Large coefficients of variation of predicted displacements and general underestimation of displacements in comparison with experimental results, except for DEM models, highlight the need for further consensus building on suitable modelling assumptions for such masonry aggregates.
Journal Article
At your best as a mason : your playbook for building a successful career and launching a thriving small business as a mason
\"The only series of step-by-step guides to succeeding in the skilled trades and achieving the American dream. At Your Best as a Mason is your playbook for learning if a career as a mason is right for you, progressing from pre-apprentice to journeyman to master mason, and launching your own small business. Learn: What does a career as a mason look like? Why should you consider becoming a mason? How do you become a successful craftsman as a mason? How much can you make as a mason? What are your career options once you become a mason? How long does it take to be successful at each stage in a mason's career? How and where do you find work as a mason? What does it take to strike out on your own? What does it take to launch and build a successful small business? At Your Best is the only step-by-step handbook to finding if a career in the trades is right for you, educating yourself and earning the proper certifications, establishing yourself as an excellent apprentice and journeyman in the industry, and moving on to start your own small business in the trades. At each step of the way, your At Your Best playbook and its companion, www.AtYourBest.com, provide the information, recommendations, outside resources, and concrete actions needed for taking the next successful step in You, Inc. Whether you are beginning your first career, changing careers, or ready to move up and start your own business as a carpenter, plumber, HVAC/R tech, or other tradesman, this is the book that will tell you how. There currently over 6.5 million unfilled jobs in the skilled trades in the US. Despite being well-paying and secure, these jobs remain open because enough qualified candidates with the skills, attitude, and experience required do not exist. Moreover, plenty of opportunity exists for established tradespeople to start their own business, but they have no guidance. The At Your Best Playbooks series and www.AtYourBest.com change that.\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Seismic behaviour of ordinary masonry buildings during the 2016 central Italy earthquakes
Between August 2016 and January 2017 nine shallow earthquakes ranging from 5.0 and 6.5 of moment magnitude affected Central Italy, involving several municipalities wherein unreinforced masonry buildings are more than three quarters of all constructions. Damage state has been very severe, with sixteen settlements belonging to the municipalities of Amatrice, Arquata del Tronto, Accumoli, Castelsantangelo sul Nera and Norcia experiencing a cumulative European macroseismic scale intensity larger than IX. Ground motion demand in terms of peak ground velocity was approximately two or three times what expected for a 475 years return period while the pseudoacceleration response spectra showed values between once and twice gravity acceleration for the period range typical of two and three storeys unreinforced masonry buildings. Moreover, since October 2016, such large seismic demand acted on structures damaged from previous shocks testifying the effects of damage accumulation, too. The significant shaking alone cannot explain the extremely severe damage of some settlements, with large portions of whole blocks completely collapsed, highlighting the need for investigating the specific vulnerability factors and construction features of unreinforced masonry buildings in the affected area. In fact, although some deficiencies already highlighted in previous Italian earthquakes (e.g. inadequate structural connections) have been surveyed also during this sequence, a marked vulnerability of masonry and its mortar has been noticed, in particular in the area between Amatrice and Arquata del Tronto. On the contrary, the historical constructions in Norcia performed much better, as a result of the 1860 seismic code and of the retrofitting interventions implemented after the different earthquakes occurred in the last two centuries. Finally, a number of demolished and rebuilt constructions performed very well, and this was also the case also of modern hollow clay blockwork buildings that protected not only human life, but also cost of construction and continuity of use.
Journal Article
A career as a mason
Masons have been responsible for, quite literally, the foundations of society, erecting everything from the pyramids of Giza to the schools and offices of the modern age. This valuable guide provides a breakdown of the field of masonry for teens thinking of entering this stable and always-in-demand career. Readers will become familiar with the tools and materials used by masons today and learn about the various education and certification pathways that can give them a leg up in the field. This volume also offers practical tips for landing an entry-level job and discusses the projected growth of this essential industry. Bibliography, Detailed Table of Contents, For Further Information Section, Glossary, Index, Sidebars, Web Sites, Full-color photographs.
Book
Shake table testing of a half-scale stone masonry building aggregate
Masonry aggregates have developed throughout city centres of Europe due to a centuries-long densification process that generally lacked consistent planning or engineering. Adjacent units are connected either through interlocking stones or a layer of mortar. Without interlocking stones, the connection between the units is weak, and an out of-phase response of the units can lead to separation and pounding. Modelling guidelines and code instructions are missing for modelling the interaction of such adjacent units because of scarce experimental data. Therefore, in this study an unreinforced stone masonry aggregate was tested on the bidirectional shake table with an incremental seismic protocol as a part of the SERA AIMS—Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures project. The aggregate was constructed at half-scale with double-leaf undressed stone masonry without interlocking between the units. Floors were built with timber beams and one layer of planks, with different beam span orientation for each unit. After significant damage, one of the units was retrofitted by anchoring the timber beams to the walls to prevent out-of-plane failure and testing was continued. Significant interaction between the units was observed with specific damage mechanisms. Cracking and separation were observed at the interface in both longitudinal and transverse direction, starting at lower intensity runs and progressively increasing. Bidirectional seismic excitation affected the unit separation, with friction forces seemingly playing a role in the transverse direction. Signs of pounding at the interface were observed during higher intensity runs, together with the formation of a soft storey mechanism at the upper storey of the higher unit. The mechanism involved an out-of-plane response of the shared wall, with a horizontal crack at the height of the interaction. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the seismic behaviour of masonry aggregates.
Journal Article
Structural Restoration of Masonry Monuments
Historic structures need to be restored in line with international guidance and charters developed by architects and archaeologists, but technical understanding of structural engineering and materials is crucial, particularly with respect to response to earthquake loading.
This guide to structural assessment and restoration of masonry monuments and historical buildings outlines the techniques, materials and design procedures used. It begins with principles, theory and practice and then presents case studies.
The assessment focusses on
Building materials and construction techniques used in the past
The mechanics of masonry
The structural behaviour of masonry monuments and historical buildings
In-situ investigation and laboratory tests for existing and restoration materials.
The restoration elaborates on
Techniques and materials available for structural restoration
Structural analysis and design
Deciding on the restoration scheme
Emergency measures and protective measures.
eBook