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"Pottery, Roman Classification."
صنف حسب:
Roman pottery in the archaeological record
Examining how the Romans used their pottery & the implications of these practices for the archaeological record, this text is organised around a flow model for the life cycle of Roman pottery that covers eight distinct practices: manufacture, distribution, prime use, reuse, maintenance, recycling, discard & reclamation.
Book
Fuzzy Typological (Re)arrangement: a Prototype of Rethinking the Typology of Roman Tablewares from Sagalassos, Southwest Anatolia
Organizing archaeological artefacts under a conceptual system is part and parcel of archaeological research. As an abundant material category, pottery artefacts classified in an effective typological model provide a rich source of information for the discipline. However, building a typological model from scratch, as well as maintaining it, often represents a challenge. To support archaeological research, automated methods are increasingly utilized in sustaining classification models. Yet, there is potential for advancement in creating, rethinking, and updating typological arrangements by means of digital, label-driven, or data-driven algorithmic approaches. In this paper, we take a step towards fulfilling this potential while highlighting the fuzziness involved in typological arrangements. We present a complete research pipeline of pottery form quantification, fuzzy-type description, and fuzzy-type definition which is in principle applicable to any typological model. The methodological pipeline is implemented, first, in rim segments to algorithmically construct polythetic rim descriptors; second, in complete profiles to algorithmically connect the global form with the attributed functional class; and third, in types to investigate within-class form variation and its chronological relevance. This paper provides tools to formalize the ambivalence of typological classification using fuzzy logic and revisit the theoretical model to investigate the vagueness of belonging to a class based on morphological aspects of pottery profiles.
Journal Article
Learning from Scarce Information: Using Synthetic Data to Classify Roman Fine Ware Pottery
In this article, we consider a version of the challenging problem of learning from datasets whose size is too limited to allow generalisation beyond the training set. To address the challenge, we propose to use a transfer learning approach whereby the model is first trained on a synthetic dataset replicating features of the original objects. In this study, the objects were smartphone photographs of near-complete Roman terra sigillata pottery vessels from the collection of the Museum of London. Taking the replicated features from published profile drawings of pottery forms allowed the integration of expert knowledge into the process through our synthetic data generator. After this first initial training the model was fine-tuned with data from photographs of real vessels. We show, through exhaustive experiments across several popular deep learning architectures, different test priors, and considering the impact of the photograph viewpoint and excessive damage to the vessels, that the proposed hybrid approach enables the creation of classifiers with appropriate generalisation performance. This performance is significantly better than that of classifiers trained exclusively on the original data, which shows the promise of the approach to alleviate the fundamental issue of learning from small datasets.
Journal Article
In Search of Ancient Pre-Roman Imperial Roads: A Case Study of the Application of Remote Sensing in Road Archaeology in the Southern Levant
This paper presents a unique case of the application of remote sensing methods in archaeological survey devoted to ancient pre-Roman Imperial roads in the Southern Levant. The results of our preparatory remote sensing research and subsequent fieldwork in Jordan and Israel between 22 February and 23 March 2023, within the framework of the research project entitled “Travel and Mobility in Hellenistic and Early Roman Palestine”, are reported and discussed. Part of this project is a large-scale, systematic research attempt to discover additional ancient pre-Roman roads and to suggest a working methodology for future research. The methodology is supposed to combine remote sensing research and archaeological survey. The project’s first fieldwork achieved several goals. First, the modern methods enabled us to provide a high-resolution capture of the detected features and artifacts, including the courses of ancient roads and the locations of road-related archaeological sites. Altogether, 105 road remains, 62 archaeological sites, and 14 pottery findings were identified; what is more, 11 GPS (Global Positioning System) tracks of ancient roads were registered. Second, we suggested necessary revisions to the previous state of research and reported new findings. For instance, newly discovered rock art evidence found along Glueck’s Road confirms the continuity of the use of this road long into late antiquity and early Islam. Third, some methodological conclusions were reached. For example, a multi-source approach to identifying ancient roads including the use of archival cartographic sources, archival and modern satellite and aerial imagery, and the databases of archaeological sites is still necessary. However, there can be no doubt that spatial analyses and remote sensing studies must be accompanied by archaeological fieldwork, which is absolutely necessary for determining the dating of the roads (by dating the settlement and pottery) and a detailed identification of the road courses (particularly through the discovery of road-related infrastructure).
Journal Article
A Provenance Study of Ceramic Artifacts from the Area of Makariopolsko Village, NE Bulgaria
The Roman site at Makariopolsko village in Northeastern Bulgaria has been identified as a ceramic production center, featuring single- and double-chamber kilns, abundant ceramic material, and a nearby water source. Geological assessments also reveal local clay deposits. Previous archaeological studies have noted similar Roman production sites in the region, primarily focusing on the study of the kilns and the macroscopic description and classification of the ceramics. However, there has been a lack of research into the pottery’s composition and the sourcing of raw materials, which is essential for understanding the area’s cultural and economic context. This study aims to determine the raw material and firing temperature of the ceramic from the site at Makariopolsko village. Clay samples (both raw and fired at 1100 °C) and ceramic were subjected to chemical, statistical, phase X-ray structural, and thermal analyses. The findings indicate the use of calcareous illite–kaolinitic clay, sourced locally, with an added sandy component. The ceramics were fired at temperatures of 570–760 °C and 920–945 °C. These results, which support the site’s identification as a pottery production center, highlight advanced pottery skills and the dual functional capabilities of the kilns. Additionally, they pave the way for further research into regional production center relationships.
Journal Article
Rome and Mesopotamia – importers into India in the first millennium AD
Ever since Wheeler's triumphant discovery of Roman pottery at Arikamedu in the 1940s, it has been appreciated that the east coast of India was in reach of the Roman Empire. Tracking down the finds of Roman pottery on the Indian sub-continent reported since then, the author discovered that many of the supposed Roman amphorae were actually ‘torpedo jars’ from Mesopotamia. Here the areas of influence of these two great imports, probably of wine, are mapped for the first time.
Journal Article
Corinth: Late Roman Horizons
This article reviews the investigation of Late Roman Corinth, including the recent excavations in the Panayia field. A series of four assemblages that range in date from the fifth through the seventh century, presenting approximately 50 similar objects from each and establishing relative sequences for some hitherto undated classes, is outlined. The sequences for lamps, fine wares, amphoras, cooking pots, and plain wares can be clearly established at Corinth. It is more difficult to tie together the independent chronologies of each class to assess the absolute dates for the four horizons, but the conclusions require major revisions to the monumental history of the Late Roman city.
Journal Article
A Roman Bath-house at Duntocher on the Antonine Wall
At the beginning of July 1775 a Roman bath-house was accidentally discovered on the northwestern slope of Golden Hill, Duntocher (FIGS 1–2), and its remains investigated. Site-drawings were made and some finds sent for identification to the Society of Antiquaries of London. Though, an account of the work was published by Richard Gough in his 1789 edition of Camden's Britannia, the excavation has been largely forgotten. The present assessment draws upon Gough's and other contemporary accounts, and upon unpublished material, especially the voluminous correspondence between Richard Gough and the Edinburgh bibliophile George Paton, now held by the National Library of Scotland, the Minute Books of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and the Gough Papers preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Also presented here will be an account of the chance rediscovery of the bath-house in 1978, and a geophysical survey undertaken, at the author's request, by the Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, in 2001.
Journal Article
Finding Ionia
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
The Source Materials
Excavation and Publication
Conclusions
Book Chapter