Book Chapter

Types of Surfactants, their Synthesis, and Applications

Holmberg, Krister, Kronberg, Bengt, Lindman, Björn

2014

نظرة عامة

Surfactant is a widely used contraction for surface active agent, which literally means active at a surface. It is usually associated with relatively low molecular weight substances. The surfactant may be viewed as a molecule consisting of a lyophilic and a lyophobic part. The term interface denotes a boundary between any two immiscible phases. The five different interfaces are solid–vapor surface, solid–liquid, solid–solid, liquid–vapor surface and liquid–liquid. One characteristic feature of surfactants is their tendency to adsorb at interfaces. Another fundamental property of surface active agents is that unimers in solution tend to form aggregates, so‐called micelles. The surfactants can be classified into the classes anionics, cationics, nonionics, and zwitterionics based on polar head group. Hydrotropes are substances that increase the solubility of sparingly soluble organic molecules in water. A gemini surfactant may be viewed as a surfactant dimer that is, consisting of two amphiphilic molecules connected by a spacer.

• الناشر: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
• موضوع: anionics / cationics / gemini surfactants / hydrotropes / interfaces / micelles / nonionics / surfactant / unimers / zwitterionics
• ISBN: 1119961246, 9781119961246