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"Toothpaste"
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America brushes up : the use and marketing of toothpaste and toothbrushes in the twentieth century
\"The history of toothpaste has long been a testament to the power of false and misleading advertising. Interrupting this steady flow of hyperbole was the one true wonder ingredient: Fluoride, which enabled Crest to predominate for decades as America's top-selling brand\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Effect of a 1.1% NaF toothpaste containing Sr/F-doped bioactive glass on irradiated demineralized dentin: an in vitro study
Objective
Patients receiving head and neck radiation are at high risk for radiation caries. This study aimed to evaluate the remineralizing effects of an experimental 1.1% NaF (5000 ppmF) toothpaste containing Sr/F-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (BAG or B) on demineralized irradiated dentin.
Materials and methods
Fluoride concentration and pH stability of materials upon mixing with water were assessed using a fluoride-specific electrode (
n
= 3) for up to 3 months. Elemental release of materials in water was determined using ICP-OES (
n
= 3). Fourteen extracted molars were irradiated with a cumulative dose of 70 Gy. Each tooth was sectioned into 4 specimens (
n
= 14/group), demineralized, and subjected to pH cycling for 14 days. Groups were treated with Prevident (PV), E5000, E5000B, and deionized water twice daily. Remineralization was assessed using ATR-FTIR (mineral-to-collagen ratio) (
n
= 14). Mineral precipitation was additionally examined with SEM-EDX. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the materials on L929 mouse fibrosarcoma was evaluated with the MTT test (
n
= 3). Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s procedure, was used to compare the data between groups.
Result
PV demonstrated greater pH and fluoride release stability than the experimental materials. E5000B exhibited a slight reduction of fluoride release (
p
< 0.01, R²=0.656) and an increase in pH with time (
p
= 0.006, R²=0.233). The highest increase in mineral-to-collagen ratio at 14 days was detected with PV (
p
< 0.05). E5000B also showed a significantly higher ratio than E5000 (
p
= 0.014). SEM-EDX detected mineral precipitation on dentin treated with PV and E5000B but not in E5000 and DI. The cell viability of PV (56%) was significantly lower than that of E5000 (94%) and E5000B (89%) (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The use of 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste enhanced the remineralization of irradiated demineralized dentin, highlighting a potentially valuable strategy for preventing radiation caries. Adding bioactive glass further promoted remineralization but may require formulation adjustments to maintain toothpaste stability for clinical use.
Journal Article
Comparative evaluation of three different toothpastes on remineralization potential of initial enamel lesions: A scanning electron microscopic study
Background: The early enamel lesions are reversible as it is a process involving mineral transactions between the teeth and saliva. Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of three different tooth pastes on remineralization potential of initial enamel lesions using Vickers Micro hardness Test and Scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Artificial carious lesions were prepared in human enamel with demineralizing solution. The treatment agents included were Colgate sensitive plus® toothpaste, Regenerate enamel science™ toothpaste, BioRepair® toothpaste and control as Deionized water. All the samples were subjected to treatment solutions as per the pH cycling model for 12 days to simulate the daily oral environment's acid challenge. The remineralization parameters-surface hardness and surface roughness of enamel blocks were evaluated with Vickers indenter and Scanning electron microscope respectively. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA test was used to check mean differences between the groups. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey's post hoc test. SEM images were graded according to Bonetti et al grading criteria. Results: As per statistical analysis, maximum remineralization of enamel blocks occurred after applying Colgate Sensitive Plus® tooth paste followed by BioRepair® tooth paste and Regenerate enamel Science™ toothpaste. Least remineralization potential was shown by control group. Conclusion: Colgate sensitive plus tooth paste with Pro Argin™ formula can be regarded as a potential remineralising agent. It can be concluded as a noninvasive means of managing early enamel carious lesions.
Journal Article
The Impact of Bleaching and Brushing with a Novel Purple Versus Charcoal Whitening Toothpaste on the Color of a Discolored Single-Shade Polymeric Resin-Based Restorative Material
Background: The aesthetic performance of single-shade polymer-based restorative materials (SPRs) can be compromised by extrinsic stains. Understanding the effects of novel whitening interventions on SPRs is crucial. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of different whitening interventions, including a novel purple tooth serum and charcoal-based whitening toothpaste with and without in-office bleaching, on the color of a new coffee-stained SPR. Materials and Methods: Seventy disc-shaped SPR specimens were prepared, stained, and then divided into seven groups (n = 10). Three groups were subjected directly to 2500 cycles of brushing simulation with regular toothpaste (control), charcoal toothpaste, or purple tooth serum. The rest were divided into bleaching groups, and the four groups underwent a simulation of bleaching and then brushing with the three products. The color parameters were recorded at the stained baseline, after brushing, after bleaching, and after post-bleaching brushing. The color change (ΔE00) was calculated, and the data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn–Bonferroni pairwise comparisons (p < 0.05). Results: In-office bleaching without brushing had a statistically significantly higher ΔE00 value than all other groups (p < 0.001). Post hoc tests indicated that the ΔE00 values of the brushed specimens were not significantly different from each other when assessed with and without bleaching (p > 0.05). When using the charcoal toothpaste, the post-bleaching brushed specimens had a noticeable color change above the PT. Conclusions: Bleaching improved the stained SPR color initially, but other treatments may offer longer-lasting aesthetics. The charcoal toothpaste showed promising results when combined with bleaching. The purple serum showed limited effectiveness.
Journal Article
Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance
Toothpaste viscosity decreases rapidly when diluted with saliva during brushing, potentially causing premature washout of high-risk caries areas and reducing the uptake of dental fluoride ions. However, no reports have examined the acid resistance of enamel from the perspective of the toothpaste’s physical properties. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of toothpaste dilution on the acid resistance of the enamel, using bovine enamel as the subject. Five diluted toothpaste groups were created: a control group without toothpaste, and 100% (1.00×), 67% (1.50×), 50% (2.00×), and 25% (4.00×) dilution groups. Acid resistance was evaluated through pH cycling after toothpaste application. The results revealed a significant increase in substantial defects, compared to 67% (1.50×) at dilutions of 50% (2.00×) or higher, accompanied by a decrease in Vickers hardness. Moreover, the mineral loss increased with dilution, and a significant difference was observed between 67% (1.50×) and 50% (2.00×) (p < 0.01). This study revealed that the acid resistance of the enamel decreased when the dilution of toothpaste during brushing exceeded 67% (1.5×). Therefore, delivering toothpaste with a lower dilution to high-risk caries areas, including interproximal spaces and adjacent surfaces, could maintain a higher concentration of active ingredients in the toothpaste, thereby enhancing its medical effects.
Journal Article
A Real-World Study on the Quality of Life of Consumers with Dentine Hypersensitivity and the Benefits of Hypersensitivity Toothpaste Use
Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) causes pain from exposed dentine, triggered by external stimuli. Limited evidence exists on its impact on quality of life (QoL), the effectiveness of hypersensitivity toothpaste (HT) and the dental behaviors of DH sufferers. This study therefore aimed to generate evidence to address these evidence gaps and validate the existing science behind the effectiveness of HT. An observational retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in Indonesia, which included the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire-15 (DHEQ-15), items related to the perceived effectiveness of HT and self-reported dental health behaviors. A total of 511 respondents completed the survey. The mean (standard deviation) DHEQ score of participants was 82.44 (14.41), showing the substantial impact of DH on QoL. Nearly all HT users (97.7%) reported relief from DH, with additional benefits like long-lasting fresh breath (96.4%) and cleaner teeth (97.1%), with regular HT users experiencing greater benefits such as improvements in DH (R-HT users [4.65 (0.55)] vs. E-HT users [4.46 (0.65)], p < 0.01). Compared to HT users, mainstream toothpaste (MT) users were significantly less likely to brush their teeth at least three times a day (HT users [41.9%], MT users [18.7%], p < 0.05) and to have had a dental check-up within the past year (HT users [82.5%], MT users [47.3%], p < 0.05). This study found that DH significantly impacts QoL, and that HT effectively relieves DH symptoms, particularly for regular users, who also show better dental health behaviors than users of mainstream toothpaste. The preliminary results indicate that educating users about dental products, like hypersensitivity toothpaste, can improve oral health behaviors and outcomes.
Journal Article
Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products—A Review
Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In dentistry and oral care products, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening. Clinical data on these products is limited with varied results; additionally, the effectiveness of these apatite compounds versus fluoride, which has conventionally been used in toothpaste, has not been established. Therefore, this review critically evaluates current research on HA oral care, and discusses the role and mechanism of HA in remineralisation of both enamel and dentine and for suppressing dentine sensitivity. Furthermore, we position HA’s role in biofilm management and highlight the role of HA in dental applications by summarising the recent achievement and providing an overview of commercialised HA dental products. The review also indicates the existing limitations and provides direction for future research and commercialisation of apatite-based oral care products.
Journal Article
Compositional Analysis and Systemic Considerations of Fluoridated Toothpastes for Children Available in Ankara, Türkiye
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the composition, fluoride content, and potential health risks of fluoride-containing children's toothpaste available in Turkey. Given the rising concerns over fluoride toxicity and market trends favoring fluoride-free products, the study also evaluated the presence of potentially harmful excipients and assessed their compliance with international pediatric dental guidelines. Methods: A total of 92 children's toothpaste products were identified through Turkey-based online marketplaces, of which 18 (19.56%) contained fluoride. Fluoride concentrations were classified into 500-990 ppm (9.78%) and 1000 ppm (9.78%), the latter aligning with European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) recommendations. A comprehensive ingredient analysis was performed, categorizing compounds based on their function, prevalence, and toxicity risk. The safety of these ingredients was further assessed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to determine their documented health effects. Results: The majority (80.44%) of children's toothpaste products were fluoride-free, raising concerns regarding effective caries prevention. Additionally, fluoridated products contained potentially harmful preservatives (Sodium Benzoate - 44.44%), surfactants (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate - 5.55%), and whitening agents (Titanium Dioxide - 27.77%), all of which have been linked to cytotoxic, irritative, or systemic toxic effects. Conclusions: These findings highlight a disparity between fluoride availability and professional recommendations, emphasizing the need for improved regulatory oversight, consumer education, and safer pediatric oral care formulations. Given growing concerns about fluoride toxicity, future research should explore fluoride-free remineralization alternatives such as hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based compounds.
Journal Article
Nigella sativa 3% Inhibition Test of Natural Toothpaste Compared Cetylpyridinum chloride (CPC) Toothpaste 0.01-0.1% on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Periodontitis generally begins with gingivitis progresses to alveolar bone increasing the risk of systemic disease. The primary etiological factor in the etiology of periodontal disease is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has a bactericidal effect by disrupting the function of bacterial membranes in the cytoplasm. CPC can also absorb negative charges from bacteria, increase bacterial cell wall permeability, decrease cell metabolism, and reduce bacterial attachment to teeth. Use of antimicrobial toothpaste, such as Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), is one strategy to prevent periodontal disease, but CPC is hazardous in some quantities. As a result, it should be compared to a natural toothpaste, specifically Nigella sativa toothpaste. The objective of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of natural toothpaste containing Nigella sativa 3% with toothpaste containing CPC 0.01% - 0.1% on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Experimental studies are used in this kind of research. The colony count method was used to assess the natural toothpastes Nigella sativa 3% and toothpaste containing CPC 0.01- 0.1% for their capacity in inhibiting the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Natural toothpaste containing Nigella sativa 3% was completely inhibiting Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, compared to 0.01-0.1% CPC toothpaste. The significance level for the statistical test results was 0.000 (p<0.05). The conclusion of this research are the natural toothpaste containing Nigella sativa 3% and toothpaste containing CPC 0.06%–0.1% can effectively suppress the growth of the microorganisms Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
Journal Article
Effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth—an in vitro study
ObjectiveTo determine the effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth.MethodologySurface roughness was estimated using the Talysurf instrument, and microhardness was estimated using the Vickers hardness tester before and after the application of whitening toothpastes on mounted extracted human teeth.ResultsIn the activated charcoal group, there was a reduction in the surface roughness from 1.21 at baseline to 1.09 at 1 month and a further reduction to 1.02 at 3 months, which was found to be statistically significant. However, no statistically significant difference in surface roughness was found in the other toothpaste groups. With respect to microhardness, all 4 whitening toothpastes showed a statistically significant reduction in microhardness after 3 months of brushing. However, the reduction was significantly higher in group 2 and in group 4 compared to the others.ConclusionThis study showed that whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal significantly reduced the surface roughness, whereas toothpastes with blue covarine and toothpastes containing activated charcoal significantly reduced the microhardness of the tooth.Clinical relevanceThis study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential disadvantages of whitening toothpastes and make evidence-based decisions when recommending the product to patients.
Journal Article