eBook

The cost of being landlocked : logistics costs and supply chain reliability

Raballand, Gaël, Marteau, Jean-François, Arvis, Jean-François

2010

نظرة عامة

In the last two decades new emphasis has been given to the economic impact of geography, especially on the cost of being landlocked. From a development perspective, understanding the cost of being landlocked and its economic impact is critical, since one country of four in the world is landlocked (almost one out of three in Sub-Saharan Africa). Attempts to address the cost of being landlocked have mainly focused on regional and multilateral conventions aiming at ensuring freedom of transit, and on the development of regional transport infrastructure. The success of these measures has been limited, and many massive investments in infrastructure seem to have had a disappointing impact on landlocked economies. Although there may still be an infrastructure gap, this book, based on extensive data collection in several regions of the world, argues that logistics and trade services efficiency can be more important for landlocked countries than investing massively in infrastructure. Logistics have become increasingly complex and critical for firms' competitiveness, and a weakness in this field can badly hurt firms based in landlocked countries. This book proposes a revised approach to tackling the cost of being landlocked and a new analytical framework which uses a microeconomic approach to assess the trade and macroeconomic impacts of logistics. It takes into account recent findings on the importance of logistics chain uncertainty and inventory control in firms' performance. It argues that: (i) exporters and importers in landlocked developing countries face high logistics costs, which are highly detrimental to their competitiveness in world markets, (ii) high logistics costs depend on low logistics reliability and predictability, and (iii) low logistics reliability and predictability result mostly from rent-seeking and governance issues (prone to proliferate in low volume environments).

• الناشر: World Bank,World Bank Publications,The World Bank
• موضوع: AIR / AIR CARGO / AIR CARGO RATES / AIR TRANSPORT / AIRCRAFT / AIRPORTS / ARTERY / AUDITS / AVERAGE FLEET AGE / AVERAGE TRANSIT TIME / BALANCE OF PAYMENTS / BARGES / BENCHMARK / BONDS / BORDER CROSSING / BOTTLENECKS / BOXES / BUSINESS LAW / BUSINESS LOGISTICS / Business logistics -- Landlocked states / CARGO INSURANCE / CARTEL / CHOICE OF TRANSPORT / CIF / COMMODITIES / COMPETITIVENESS / CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK / CONTAINERS / COST & FREIGHT / COST OF TRANSPORT / COST OF TRANSPORTATION / COST SAVINGS / Costs / COSTS OF TRANSPORTATION / CROSSING / CUSTOMS / CUSTOMS CLEARANCE / CUSTOMS PROCEDURES / DELIVERY SCHEDULES / DEMURRAGE / DEREGULATION / DEVELOPED COUNTRIES / DEVELOPMENT AGENCY / DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE / DRIVERS / ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY / ECONOMIC GROWTH / ECONOMIC IMPACT / ECONOMIC INCENTIVES / ECONOMIC VALUE / EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE / ENVIRONMENTS / EXPENDITURES / EXPORTS / FISCAL POLICY / FIXED COSTS / FORWARDING / FORWARDING FEES / FREIGHT / FREIGHT BUREAUS / FREIGHT COSTS / FREIGHT FORWARDERS / FREIGHT PAYMENTS / FREIGHT RATES / FREIGHT TRANSPORT / FUEL / FUEL PRICES / GATT / GDP / GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT / GROWTH THEORIES / HANDLING / HIGH FUEL CONSUMPTION / IMPACT OF TRANSPORT / INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES / INEFFICIENCY / INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT / INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS / INSPECTION / INTERMODAL TRANSPORT / INTERNATIONAL TRADE / INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT / INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT / INVENTORIES / INVENTORY / INVENTORY CONTROL / LABOR COSTS / LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES / Landlocked states / LOCAL TRANSPORT / Logistics / LOGISTICS CHAIN / LOGISTICS COSTS / LONG-DISTANCE / MARITIME TRANSPORT / MARKET COMPETITION / MARKET POWER / MILEAGE / MODAL CHOICE / MODAL CHOICES / MODE OF TRANSPORT / MODE OF TRANSPORTATION / MODERN TRANSPORT / MONOPOLY / MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT / OPPORTUNITY COSTS / OVERHEAD COSTS / POLICY MAKERS / POLITICAL ECONOMY / PORT OF ENTRY / PRICE TAKERS / PRODUCERS / PRODUCTION COSTS / PRODUCTION FUNCTION / QUALITY STANDARDS / RAIL / RAIL OPERATORS / RAIL SERVICE / RAIL TRANSIT / RAIL TRANSPORT / RAILROAD / RAILWAY / RAILWAY NETWORK / RAILWAYS / REDUCTION IN FUEL PRICE / REGIONAL TRANSIT / REGIONAL TRANSPORT / RENT SEEKING / RISK AVERSION / RISK MANAGEMENT / ROAD / ROAD CONDITIONS / ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE / ROAD QUALITY / ROAD SERVICES / ROAD TOLLS / ROAD TRANSPORT / ROAD TRANSPORT MARKET / ROAD USER / ROAD USER CHARGES / ROADS / ROUTE / ROUTES / SERVICE RELIABILITY / SHIPMENTS / SHIPPERS / SHIPPING / SHIPS / SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT / SUPPLY CHAINS / SURFACE FREIGHT / TAX / TIRES / TRADE FACILITATION / Trade flows / Trade policy / TRAFFIC / TRAINS / TRANSACTION COSTS / TRANSIT / TRANSIT COUNTRIES / TRANSIT OPERATIONS / TRANSIT PERFORMANCE / TRANSIT POLICY / TRANSIT SYSTEM / TRANSIT SYSTEMS / TRANSIT TIMES / TRANSIT TRADE / TRANSIT VEHICLES / TRANSPORT / TRANSPORT ACTIVITY / TRANSPORT CHARGES / TRANSPORT CORRIDORS / TRANSPORT COSTS / TRANSPORT FACILITATION / TRANSPORT INDUSTRY / TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE / TRANSPORT MARKET / TRANSPORT MODE / TRANSPORT MODES / TRANSPORT OPERATIONS / TRANSPORT OPERATORS / TRANSPORT POLICY / TRANSPORT PRICE / TRANSPORT SECTOR / TRANSPORT SERVICE / TRANSPORT SERVICES / TRANSPORT SUPPLY / TRANSPORTATION / Transportation -- Landlocked states -- Costs / TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS / TRANSPORTATION COST / TRANSPORTATION COSTS / TRANSPORTATION SERVICES / TRIP / TRIPS / TRUCK TRANSPORT / TRUCK USE / TRUCKS / TRUE / VARIABLE COSTS / VEHICLE / VEHICLE FLEET / VEHICLE MOVEMENT / VEHICLE OPERATING / VEHICLE OPERATING COST / VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS / VEHICLE TAXES / VEHICLE USAGE / VEHICLES / VESSELS / WAGES / WAITING TIME / WAREHOUSES / WAREHOUSING / WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION / WTO
• ISBN: 0821384082, 9780821384084, 0821384090, 9780821384091