Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
107,840
result(s) for
"Beef cattle"
Sort by:
Runs of homozygosity analysis reveals consensus homozygous regions affecting production traits in Chinese Simmental beef cattle
Genomic regions with a high frequency of runs of homozygosity (ROH) are related to important traits in farm animals. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of ROH and evaluated their association with production traits using the BovineHD (770 K) SNP array in Chinese Simmental beef cattle. We detected a total of 116,953 homozygous segments with 2.47Gb across the genome in the studied population. The average number of ROH per individual was 99.03 and the average length was 117.29 Mb. Notably, we detected 42 regions with a frequency of more than 0.2. We obtained 17 candidate genes related to body size, meat quality, and reproductive traits. Furthermore, using Fisher's exact test, we found 101 regions were associated with production traits by comparing high groups with low groups in terms of production traits. Of those, we identified several significant regions for production traits (P < 0.05) by association analysis, within which candidate genes including ECT2, GABRA4, and GABRB1 have been previously reported for those traits in beef cattle. Our study explored ROH patterns and their potential associations with production traits in beef cattle. These results may help to better understand the association between production traits and genome homozygosity and offer valuable insights into managing inbreeding by designing reasonable breeding programs in farm animals.
Journal Article
Comparative study of the bacterial communities throughout the gastrointestinal tract in two beef cattle breeds
Investigation of the compositional and functional characteristics of the gastrointestinal bacterial community in beef cattle breeds can improve our understanding of the influence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) regions and host breeds on the bacterial community. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial communities in the rumen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon of Xuanhan yellow cattle (XHC) and Simmental crossbred cattle (SXC). The results showed that the diversity of the bacterial population was different in GIT regions of XHC and SXC (
P
< 0.05). In total, ten bacterial phyla, sixteen bacterial genera, and nine metabolic pathways were identified in the core bacteria. The phyla
Firmicutes
,
Bacteroidetes
, and
Proteobacteria
were predominant, but their proportions were different in GIT regions (
P
< 0.05). The diversity, structure, and composition of the bacteria in the rumen were similar between the breeds (
P
> 0.05), and the indices in the intestine showed significant differences (
P
< 0.05). Moreover, the composition and structure of the bacterial communities in the rumen, small intestine, and large intestine were different regardless of the breed. Thus, the bacterial communities were different among the gastrointestinal regions in each breed, and the bacterial community in the rumen had more stable characteristics than that in the intestine between two breeds. Further studies may focus on the minor microbial communities and the functions of GIT bacteria to better understand gut–microbe interactions.
Key points
•
Differences in bacteria among gastrointestinal regions differ in cattle breeds
.
•
Differences between the breeds in the ruminal bacteria are less pronounced than differences in the intestinal bacteria
.
Journal Article
Effects of fermented Chinese herb residues on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indices and faecal microbial flora in beef cattle
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented Chinese herb residues on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indices and microflora of Simmental beef cattle during the fattening period. Twenty-four healthy Simmental beef cattle with an average body weight of 358.54 ± 65.63 kg were randomly divided into four treatment groups, with 6 replicates. The dietary treatments were as follows: I: basal diet; II, III and IV: 10% corn husk in the diet was replaced by Chinese herb residue, enzyme-fermented residue, and enzyme bacteria co-fermented residue, respectively. The experimental period was 49 days. There was no significant difference in the growth performance of beef cattle (p > 0.05). The ether extract (EE) apparent digestibility of groups III and IV was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05); the apparent digestibility values of nitrogen free extract (NFE) and total phosphorus (P) in group IV were significantly lower than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The maleic dialdehyde (MDA) contents in groups I and II were significantly higher than those in groups III and IV (p < 0.05). The ACE and Chao1 indices of groups I and III were significantly higher than those of groups II and IV (p < 0.05). The Shannon indices of groups I and III were significantly higher than that of group II (p < 0.05). The abundance of Firmicutes in group III was significantly lower than that in group II (p < 0.05). In conclusion, fermented Chinese herb residues could replace 10% corn husk and be used in beef cattle breeding.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of the use of the Vytelle system in evaluating bulls in Kazakhstan
Abstract This article presents the results of the introduction of Canadian digital technologies Vytelle GrowSafe in the beef cattle breeding of Kazakhstan to assess Residual Feed Intake (RFI). The experiments were carried out with Qazaq Aqbas Breed in the Privet Farms of North Kazakhstan (Akmola and Pavlodar farms). As part of the ration in Akmola farm for a bull of 350 kg of weight, are contained 77 MJ or 7.6 kg of DM, in Pavlodar farm for a bull weighing 290 kg contains 65 MJ or 6.5 kg of DM. Studies have shown that in the Akmola farm the RFI index ranged from -2.08 to +2.88, in the Pavlodar farm from -1.89 to +2.06. According to the results of research in the Akmola farm, the RFI assessment show, 7 out of 26 bulls are suitable for breeding sale, in the Pavlodar farm out of 55 bulls 18. The assessment of the productive effect of feed on RFI, mainly (by 80%), coincided with the assessment of the ratio of gain to consumed dry matter, and some bulls showed deviations in terms of residual average daily live weight gain and the corrected value of the ratio of feed costs to live weight gain, which led to incomplete manifestation of the productive potential of the consumed feed.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados da introdução das Tecnologias Digitais Canadianas Vytelle GrowSafe na criação de bovinos de corte no Cazaquistão para avaliar a ingestão residual de alimentos (RFI). Os experimentos foram realizados com a raça Qazaq Aqbas nas fazendas de alfeneiros Akmola e Pavlodar, no Norte do Cazaquistão. Na fazenda Akmola, a ração para um touro de 350 kg contém 77 MJ ou 7,6 kg de DM, já na fazenda Pavlodar, para um touro pesando 290 kg, a ração contém 65 MJ ou 6,5 kg de DM. Estudos demonstraram que o índice RFI variou de -2,08 a +2,88 e de -1,89 a +2,06 na exploração agrícola de Akmola e Pavlodar, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa na fazenda Akmola, a avaliação da RFI mostra que 7 entre 26 touros são adequados para venda de reprodução, enquanto na fazenda Pavlodar são são 18 touros entre 55. A avaliação do efeito produtivo dos alimentos para animais na RFI, principalmente (em 80%), coincidiu com a avaliação do rácio de ganho em relação à matéria seca consumida. Alguns touros apresentaram desvios em termos de ganho de peso vivo diário médio residual e do valor corrigido do rácio entre os custos dos alimentos para animais e o ganho de peso vivo, o que levou a uma manifestação incompleta do potencial produtivo dos alimentos consumidos.
Journal Article
Bacterial Distribution and Community Structure in Beef Cattle Liver and Bile at Slaughter
In this study, the distribution of hygienic indicator bacteria in cattle livers and bile was examined at slaughterhouses. One hundred twenty-seven cattle livers with gallbladders were carefully eviscerated from carcasses at 10 slaughterhouses. Microbiological examination revealed that nine bile samples (7.1% prevalence) and 19 liver parenchyma samples (15.0% prevalence) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae (EB) with means ± standard deviations of 3.68 ± 4.63 log CFU/mL and 1.59 ± 2.47 log CFU/g, respectively; thus, bacterial contamination was apparent even at the postevisceration stage. Subsequently, 70 cattle livers were obtained at the postprocessing and storage stage from 7 of the 10 slaughterhouses. Microbiological analysis revealed significantly higher levels of EB in the liver parenchyma (3.00 ± 3.89 log CFU/g, P = 0.011) than those at the postevisceration stage, suggesting that bacterial dissemination and/or replication occurred in the liver parenchyma during processing and storage. According to 16S rRNA ion semiconductor sequencing analysis of representative samples from 12 cattle, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were dominant in both the parenchyma and bile in which EB and Escherichia coli were predominant among livers with higher EB levels. These results suggest that bile plays a role as a vehicle for bacterial transmission to the liver parenchyma. This study is the first to evaluate bacterial distribution and community structure in the liver and biliary microecosystem of cattle at slaughter. Our data support the use of EB testing of bile to screen cattle livers contaminated with high levels of fecal indicator bacteria.
Journal Article
Cattle in the Backlands
Brazil has the second-largest cattle herd in the world and is a major exporter of beef. While ranching in the Amazon-and its destructive environmental consequences-receives attention from both the media and scholars, the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul actually host the most cattle. A significant beef producer in Brazil beginning in the late nineteenth century, the region served as a laboratory for raising cattle in the tropics, where temperate zone ranching practices do not work. Mato Grosso ranchers and cowboys transformed ranching's relationship with the environment, including the introduction of an exotic cattle breed-the Zebu-that now dominates Latin American tropical ranching.
Cattle in the Backlandspresents a comprehensive history of ranching in Mato Grosso. Using extensive primary sources, Robert W. Wilcox explores three key aspects: the economic transformation of a remote frontier region through modern technical inputs; the resulting social changes, especially in labor structures and land tenure; and environmental factors, including the long-term impact of ranching on ecosystems, which, he contends, was not as detrimental as might be assumed. Wilcox demonstrates that ranching practices in Mato Grosso set the parameters for tropical beef production in Brazil and throughout Latin America. As the region was incorporated into national and international economic structures, its ranching industry experienced the entry of foreign investment, the introduction of capitalized processing facilities, and nascent discussions of ecological impacts-developments that later affected many sectors of the Brazilian economy.
eBook
Carbon Emission Measurement and Influencing Factors of China’s Beef Cattle Industry from a Whole Industry Chain Perspective
The beef cattle industry is pivotal in China’s livestock industry and is important for meeting people’s needs for a better life in the new era. It is strategically important for prospering the frontier, enriching people, and revitalizing the countryside. Because of the national “double carbon” target, there will be an impact on the development of the meat cattle industry, which has a relatively high carbon emission level. The scientific measurement of carbon emission levels in the beef cattle industry, clarifying its main impact factors, are particularly critical. This study measured the carbon emissions from China’s beef cattle industry from 2008 to 2020, using provincial data and the life cycle method, and investigated its influencing factors using a spatial econometric model. The study is of great practical significance for accurately understanding the carbon emissions of the beef cattle industry and for promoting low carbon emission reductions and the transformational development of the beef cattle industry.
Journal Article
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Cattle Breeding Based on the Ecological Cycle Model
Over the past few decades, the supply of beef has increasingly become available with the great improvement of the quality of life, especially in developing countries. However, along with the demand for meat products of high quality and the transformation of dietary structure, the impact of massive agricultural greenhouse gas emissions on the environmental load cannot be ignored. Therefore, the objective of this study is to predict the annual greenhouse gas emissions of 10 million heads of beef cattle under both the ecological cycle model (EC model) and the non-ecological cycle model (non-EC model), respectively, in order to compare the differences between these two production models in each process, and thus explore which one is more sustainable and environmentally friendly. To this end, through the life cycle assessment (LCA), this paper performs relevant calculations according to the methodology of 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 IPCC Inventories). The results have shown that the total GHG emissions of the non-EC model were almost 4 times higher than those of the EC model, and feed-grain cultivation and manure management were main emission sources in both models. The non-EC model produced significantly more emissions than the EC model in each kind of GHG, especially the largest gap between these two was in CO2 emissions that accounted for 68.01% and 56.17% of the respective planting and breeding systems. This study demonstrates that the transformation of a beef cattle breeding model has a significant direct impact on cutting agricultural GHG emissions, and persuades other countries in the similar situation to vigorously advocate ecological cycling breeding model instead of the traditional ones so that promotes coordinated development between planting industry and beef cattle breeding industry.
Journal Article
Environmental efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on methane production in dairy and beef cattle via a meta-analysis
The objective of the present study is to examine the effect of yeast (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
) on reduction of methane (CH
4
) production in dairy and beef cattle using meta-analytic methods. After compilation of relevant scientific publications available from the literature between 1990 and 2016, and applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, meta-analyses of data from dairy and beef cattle were applied for the pooled dataset or for each animal category (dairy or beef). The results of meta-analysis of all three datasets (all cattle, dairy cattle, or beef cattle) suggested that effect size of yeast either on daily CH
4
production or on CH
4
production per dry matter intake (CH
4
/DMI) was not significant. The results of Q test and
I
2
statistic suggest that there is no heterogeneity between different studies on CH
4
production and CH
4
/DMI. The results of meta-analysis suggest that use of yeast (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
) as feed additive does not offer significant results in terms of reduction of CH
4
production in dairy and beef cattle. Further research on the effects of different doses of yeast, use of yeast products, different strains, and experimental designs is warranted to elucidate the effects of yeasts on methane production in the rumen.
Journal Article