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Whence Came Mandarin? Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
بواسطة
Richard Vanness Simmons
في
19th century
/ Chinese history
/ Chinese languages
/ Colloquial language
/ Courts
/ dialectology
/ Dialects
/ Education authorities
/ Educational standards
/ Language
/ Language attitudes
/ Language history
/ Language policy
/ Mandarin
/ Mandarin language
/ National languages
/ Orthographies
/ Orthography
/ Phonology
/ Prestige
/ Pronunciation
/ Regional dialects
/ Rhyme
/ Solmization
/ Standard dialects
/ standardization
/ Syllables
/ Tungusic languages
2017
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Whence Came Mandarin? Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
بواسطة
Richard Vanness Simmons
في
19th century
/ Chinese history
/ Chinese languages
/ Colloquial language
/ Courts
/ dialectology
/ Dialects
/ Education authorities
/ Educational standards
/ Language
/ Language attitudes
/ Language history
/ Language policy
/ Mandarin
/ Mandarin language
/ National languages
/ Orthographies
/ Orthography
/ Phonology
/ Prestige
/ Pronunciation
/ Regional dialects
/ Rhyme
/ Solmization
/ Standard dialects
/ standardization
/ Syllables
/ Tungusic languages
2017
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هل تريد طلب الكتاب؟
Whence Came Mandarin? Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
بواسطة
Richard Vanness Simmons
في
19th century
/ Chinese history
/ Chinese languages
/ Colloquial language
/ Courts
/ dialectology
/ Dialects
/ Education authorities
/ Educational standards
/ Language
/ Language attitudes
/ Language history
/ Language policy
/ Mandarin
/ Mandarin language
/ National languages
/ Orthographies
/ Orthography
/ Phonology
/ Prestige
/ Pronunciation
/ Regional dialects
/ Rhyme
/ Solmization
/ Standard dialects
/ standardization
/ Syllables
/ Tungusic languages
2017
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Whence Came Mandarin? Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
Journal Article
Whence Came Mandarin? Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
2017
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واختر طريقة الاستلام
نظرة عامة
While the language of Běijīng served together with Manchu as the court vernacular in the Qīng dynasty, the city's dialect was not widely accepted in China as the standard for Guānhuà even in the late nineteenth century. The preferred form was a mixed Mandarin koiné with roots going back much earlier, such as that represented in Lǐ Rǔzhēn's mid-Qīng rime compendiumLǐshì yīnjiàn. A similar form of mixed Mandarin served briefly as the National Pronunciation of China in the early twentieth century and came to be calledlán-qīng Guānhuà‘blue-green Mandarin’. This heterogeneous norm incorporated features of a variety of Mandarin dialects and eventually came to be disparaged as an unrefined cousin of the pure Běijīng standard. Yet in origin the old National Pronunciation was designed to encompass a mix of regional forms and intended to contain the most broadly accepted elements of various Mandarin types. The evolution and development of the composite Guānhuà norm reveal much about Chinese linguistic attitudes of the early nineteenth through early twentieth centuries and shed light on various perspectives about what standard Chinese should be and what a Mandarin-based norm should represent. Broad popular acceptance of Běijīng as the governing norm for pronunciation began slowly to take hold only after the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China finally officially promoted Běijīng as the national standard in the 1930s. Yet it then had to compete with a new mixed vernacular orthography calledLatinxua sinwenz. Běijīng was not firmly established as the norm until the People's Republic of China definitively declared the city's dialect as standard in the 1950s.
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