Journal Article

Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association

Franke, Frederik, Armitage, Sophie A. O., Kutzer, Megan A. M., Kurtz, Joachim, Scharsack, Jörn P.

2017

نظرة عامة

Background Increasing temperatures are predicted to strongly impact host-parasite interactions, but empirical tests are rare. Host species that are naturally exposed to a broad temperature spectrum offer the possibility to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on hosts and parasites. Using three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus (Müller, 1776), originating from a cold and a warm water site of a volcanic lake, we subjected sympatric and allopatric host-parasite combinations to cold and warm conditions in a fully crossed design. We predicted that warm temperatures would promote the development of the parasites, while the hosts might benefit from cooler temperatures. We further expected adaptations to the local temperature and mutual adaptations of local host-parasite pairs. Results Overall, S. solidus parasites grew faster at warm temperatures and stickleback hosts at cold temperatures. On a finer scale, we observed that parasites were able to exploit their hosts more efficiently at the parasite’s temperature of origin. In contrast, host tolerance towards parasite infection was higher when sticklebacks were infected with parasites at the parasite’s ‘foreign’ temperature. Cold-origin sticklebacks tended to grow faster and parasite infection induced a stronger immune response. Conclusions Our results suggest that increasing environmental temperatures promote the parasite rather than the host and that host tolerance is dependent on the interaction between parasite infection and temperature. Sticklebacks might use tolerance mechanisms towards parasite infection in combination with their high plasticity towards temperature changes to cope with increasing parasite infection pressures and rising temperatures.

• الناشر: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• موضوع: Actinopterygians / Adaptation / Adaptation, Biological - immunology / Adaptation, Biological - physiology / Allopatry / ambient temperature / Animals / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Cestoda - growth & development / Cestoda - immunology / Cestoda - pathogenicity / Cestoda - physiology / Cestode Infections - immunology / Cestode Infections - parasitology / Cestode Infections - veterinary / Cold / Cold Temperature / Defence mechanisms / Design / Disease Resistance / Endoparasites / Entomology / Environment / Environmental conditions / Exposure / Fish / Fish Diseases - immunology / Fish Diseases - parasitology / Fitness / Freshwater fishes / Gasterosteus aculeatus / Health aspects / Heat / Host-parasite interaction / Host-parasite interactions / Host-Parasite Interactions - immunology / Host-Parasite Interactions - physiology / Host-parasite relationships / Hosts / Hot Temperature / Immune response / Immune system / Immune Tolerance / Immunity / Immunological tolerance / Impact prediction / Infections / Infectious Diseases / Interactions / Kidney / Lakes / Leukocytes - immunology / Nematodes / Parasites / Parasites - growth & development / Parasites - pathogenicity / Parasites - physiology / Parasitology / Plasticity / Population / Rare species / Schistocephalus / Schistocephalus solidus / Smegmamorpha - growth & development / Smegmamorpha - immunology / Smegmamorpha - parasitology / Smegmamorpha - physiology / Studies / Sympatric populations / sympatry / Tapeworms / Temperature / Temperature effects / Temperature tolerance / Tests / Tolerance / Tradeoffs / Tropical Medicine / Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science / Virology / Warm water / Water / Water temperature / Worms