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Introduction: Co-receptors involved in cell entry of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mutations in genes encoding their ligands may play a role in the susceptibility to infection and resistance to the progression of the infection. The best studied mutations that can exist in these genes are the CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A mutations. The frequency of these mutations vary from continent to continent and even from region to region. However, there is limited information on their distribution throughout the Turkish population. Istanbul is the city with the highest number of documented HIV-infected patients in Turkey, which can be attributed to the population size. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of three AIDS-related gene variants among HIV-infected and uninfected population in Istanbul, Turkey and to estimate the contribution of these variants to susceptibility or resistance to HIV. Methodology: A total of 242 healthy individuals and 200 HIV-positive patients were included in the study. CCR5 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. CCR2 and SDF1 polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The allelic frequencies for CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3’A were 4.07%, 19.8% and 28.7%, respectively. No individual was found to carry the homozygous CCR5-Δ32 mutation in either cohort. No polymorphism was found to be significantly elevated in the HIV-infected cohort compared to the healthy group. Conclusions: The distribution of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A variants does not differ between HIV-infected and uninfected patients. CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A frequencies are relatively high where as the frequency of CCR5-Δ32 is low.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors account for a significant proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in developed countries. In recent years, there has been a rise of HPV infections associated with HNSCC, especially HPV16, which is the most commonly detected type in oral and oropharyngeal cancers. To investigate the frequency of HPV-driven HNSCC among patients living in Turkey, HPV DNA positivity and p16INK4A expression were assessed in primary tumor biopsies (n = 106). Eighteen out of one hundred and six (19%) HNSCC tumors showed p16INK4A overexpression, and 26/106 cases (24.5%) were positive for HPV DNA. Sixteen out of twenty-six samples were positive for both HPV DNA and p16INK4A staining. HPV16 could be isolated from 22/26 samples (84.6%) and was found to be the most frequently detected HPV type. This study represents the largest cohort of Turkish patients with HNSCC characterized according to HPV status and p16INK4A expression. Our data suggest that HPV16 infection, along with smoking, contribute to the development of HNSCC.

Purpose: Odontogenic cysts (OCs) are pathological lesions that include liquid or semi-liquid surrounded with epithelium. Radicular cysts' (RCs) and odontogenic keratocysts' (OKCs) are common odontogenic cysts of jaws, and may reach to a substantial size without symptoms for a long time. It is known that cytokines secreted during infection and inflammation regulate the immune response. This study aims to describe the relationship between bacteria as infection agents and the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine of innate and adaptive immune response. Materials and Methods: OC fluid samples with a history of infection were collected from a total of 39 OCs consisting 25 samples of odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and 14 samples of radicular cysts (RC). Anaerobic bacteria detection was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes. IFN-γ levels in OC fluids were determined using the luminex method. Results: No significant differences in IFN-γ levels and T cell type 1 cytokine responses were observed between the cystic fluid samples classified on the basis of age, gender, cyst-type, cyst-size, bacterial species and the number of bacterial species contained. The measured concentrations IFN-γ, which is a helper T cell type 1 cytokine were consistent with published data from experimental animal models, immunohistochemical studies, and molecular studies. Conclusion: Luminex method can detect the concentration of many different types of protein in a small sample volume and is suitable for determining the protein content of odontogenic cysts.

Bu çalışmada, karbonhidrat bazlı yağ ikamesi olarak kestane ve keçiboynuzu unları şortening ile yer değiştirme esasına göre %25 ve %50 (ağırlık / ağırlık) oranlarında kullanılmıştır. Yüksek lif içeriğine sahip olan kestane ve keçiboynuzu unu kullanarak, bisküvide yağının azaltılmasından kaynaklanan kalite kayıplarının giderilmesi, amaçlanmıştır. Kontrol örneği ise kestane unu ve keçiboynuzu unu ilave edilmeksizin sadece %100 şortening kullanılarak üretilmiştir.Kestane ve keçiboynuzu unu oranlarının artışı ile bisküvilerin nem içerikleri artmıştır. Kestane unu ve keçiboynuzu ununun artışına paralel olarak, bisküvilerin toplam diyet lif miktarlarında önemli düzeyde (p≤0.05) artış gözlenmiştir. Kestane unu ve keçiboynuzu unu katkılı bisküvilerin, çapları ve yayılma oranları, kontrole göre azalırken, kalınlıkları önemsiz düzeyde (p≤0.05) artmıştır. Bisküvilere ilave edilen kestane unu ve keçiboynuzu unu oranının artmasıyla, kontrole göre bisküvilerin sertliklerinde artış, parlaklığında ise azalma meydana gelmiştir. Sonuç olarak, şortening miktarının % 25 ve % 50'ye kadar düşürüldüğü formülasyonlarda, KU ve KBU ilavelerinin, önemli ölçüde kalite kaybı olmaksızın, kabul edilebilir duyusal özelliklere sahip bisküvi eldesi sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Karbonhidrat bazlı yağ ikame maddesi olarak kestane ve keçiboynuzu ununun, başta unlu mamuller olmak üzere, çeşitli gıda maddelerinde kullanılma imkanının, yüksek olduğu ve böylece fonksiyonel gıda pazarına katkı sağlayacağı söylenebilir.

Background Levels of prohepcidin, a homeostatic regulator of iron absorption, are altered in chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis. However, data on the potential alterations of prohepcidin in patients with HBV-related liver disease are scarce. We investigated whether serum prohepcidin is related to iron overload and perenchymal dysfuction in HBV-related liver disease. Methods Three groups of subjects were studied: 66 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 32 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis, and 42 healthy controls without evidence of liver disease. Serum levels of prohepcidin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum prohepcidin levels were significantly lower in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis (175.85 ± 71.5 ng/ml) than in patients with chronic hepatitis B (209.02 ± 62.7 ng/ml P < 0.05) and controls (222.4 ± 128.4 ng/ml, P < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, prohepcidin was found to be an independent predictor of ferritin levels in multiple linear regression analysis (β = −1.10, t = −3.11, P < 0.01). Conclusion These results demonstrate that prohepcidin levels are reduced in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and are an independent correlate of serum ferritin.

In this study, DOCK2 mutations were linked to an autosomal recessive form of congenital immunodeficiency and early-onset bacterial and viral infections. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation led to normalization of T-cell function and clinical improvement. Combined immunodeficiencies comprise a heterogeneous group of inherited defects of the immune system that are characterized by quantitative or qualitative defects of T lymphocytes. These defects are associated with primary or secondary defects of B lymphocytes. 1 In patients with combined immunodeficiencies, impairment of adaptive immunity causes increased susceptibility to early-onset, severe infections with a variety of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. 1 , 2 Autoimmune manifestations, allergies, and cancers can also occur. 2 Identification of gene defects that cause combined immunodeficiencies has helped patients considerably, provided new and important insights into mechanisms governing T-cell development and function in humans, 2 and led to an . . .

Aim The aim of this study is to examine the effects of secondary traumatic stress and cognitive flexibility on the psychological well-being of nursing and midwifery students and to model these relationships with machine learning approaches. Background While nursing and midwifery students are at risk of secondary traumatic stress (STS), cognitive flexibility is an important factor in coping with this stress. This study aims to develop strategies to improve students' mental health by examining the effects of STS and cognitive flexibility on psychological well-being using machine learning methods. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 620 nursing and midwifery students between March and August 2024. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, G*Power 3.1, and R programming language 4.1.3. Results Hierarchical regression estimation showed that the model was significant and usable (F(2,617) = 112.473, p  = 0.001). Secondary traumatic stress level and cognitive flexibility levels together explained 26.7% (R2 = 0.267) of the total variance in psychological well-being. It was determined that the decrease in students' secondary traumatic stress level (t = -7.724, p  < 0.001) and the increase in cognitive flexibility level (t = 10.755, p  < 0.001) caused a statistical increase in the level of “Psychological Well-Being”. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were used to understand the importance and contribution of each variable in the model. Cognitive Flexibility was found to be the most important variable in the prediction of Psychological Well-Being. Conclusions It was determined that the decrease in the level of secondary traumatic stress and the increase in the level of cognitive flexibility caused an increase in the level of psychological well-being. Longitudinal studies on students' psychological well-being levels are recommended. Clinical implications This study emphasises the importance of cognitive flexibility strategies to support health education (nurse and midwife) candidates to cope with secondary traumatic stress. It may contribute to the training of healthier and more resilient professionals by increasing the psychological well-being of students in nursing and midwifery education. Key Points ·Decreasing secondary traumatic stress increased psychological well-being. ·Cognitive flexibility significantly improved psychological well-being. ·Secondary traumatic stress and cognitive flexibility explained 26.7% of well-being variance. ·Cognitive flexibility was the most important predictor of psychological well-being.

Introduction:Although more common in adults, autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is one of the most common thyroid diseases in children and adolescents. Salivary gland involvement has been described in many studies of patients with AT. Several inflammatory scores are used to assess the inflammatory status of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. We aimed to sonographically evaluate the parotid and submandibular salivary glands with inflammatory parameters in patients with AT in our study.Methods:Our study population consisted of 37 consecutive pediatric AT patients and 29 healthy control subjects. Ultrasonographic and laboratory evaluations of the study population were performed. Jamovi and MedCalc software were used to analyze the data.Conclusion:We found that both SII and PIV inflammatory markers are predictive of salivary gland parenchymal changes in patients with AT, and SII is likely to be more valuable than PIV at this time.Results:The volume of the thyroid gland in the patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.030), while there was no difference in the volume of the salivary glands. Multiple logistic regression analysis was planned to assess the predictability of salivary gland involvement in patients with the disease. Both systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) were found to be predictors of salivary gland involvement in AT patients.