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To resolve the hard problem of consciousness, we propose a systems-level theory of synergistic processes to account for sentience, consciousness, and mind. Subjectivity arises from interactive network processes within and between nature’s entangled, relational, and iterative elements. Searches for the physical cause or locus of consciousness and subjectivity are misguided given that consciousness emerges from processes with no single source. To account for the evolution and phenomenology of mind, our synergistic network account of consciousness (SNAC) dispenses with mind–body dualism, it weakens boundaries between the material and the non-material, between the internal and the external, and emphasises synergistic processes and functionalities over outcome. The theory challenges psychology to abandon its cause–effect categorisations and implied mind–body dualism in favour of functional systems-level analyses to better account for relational processes and functions which unfold synergistically within and sustain nature’s complex networks of entangled elements.

Roderick J Ørner, who was President between 1997 and 1999, traces the phoenix-like origins of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) from an informal business meeting called during the 1st European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS) in 1987 to its emergence into a formally constituted society. He dwells on the challenges of tendering a trauma society within a continent where trauma has been and remains endemic. ESTSS successes are noted along with a number of personal reflections on activities that give rise to concern for the present as well as its future prospects. Denial of survivors' experiences and turning away from survivors' narratives by reframing their experiences to accommodate helpers' theory-driven imperatives are viewed with alarm. Arguments are presented for making human rights, memory, and ethics core elements of a distinctive European psycho traumatology, which will secure current ESTSS viability and future integrity.

This chapter contains sections titled: First of All: Do No Harm The Primitive Dynamics of Early Intervention Models, Methods, Techniques, and Theories Remembering, Forgetting, and Reminders: Emergent Models and Historical Context Model Building from Modest Beginnings Models of Early Intervention during World War II Models of Early Intervention for More Recent Wars Evolving Models for a Rapidly Changing World References

Å få slike bilder og tanker, å tolke vær og vind, må være lov i slike tider. Å dyrke det nære Min tolking av ritualenes betydning er at en ny forståelse for mellommenneskelige verdier har slått rot blant oss. Mister vi motet i dag, blir morgendagen dyster. Hver eneste dag og natt, i land over hele verden, utspiller det seg terror og ondskap, hvor uhyrene råder.

BackgroundCommunity first responders (CFRs) are volunteers delivering emergency medical assistance and maintaining a patient’s condition until an ambulance arrives. Previous research has highlighted the CFR role and relationships, motivations, practice and perceptions, and need for mental health support. However, factors influencing CFR practise in the field are a relatively underexplored area. We aimed to explore the factors embedded in CFR implementation processes that either facilitated or hindered CFRs’ activities and practice in the UK.MethodIn a qualitative study, we conducted interviews with CFRs and CFR leads, paramedics and ambulance clinicians, commissioners, patients and relatives across six English ambulance service regions. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo, enabled the identification codes and themes.ResultOverall, 47 participants were interviewed including CFR leads (15), CFRs (21), ambulance staff (4), and commissioners (2) from six ambulance services with patients and relatives (5) from the same regions. The findings revealed multi-layered factors influencing effective CFR functioning at three levels, namely individual, institutional, and societal. CFRs’ local expertise helped them to navigate operational challenges. Use of a personal vehicle and navigation software aided CFRs’ ability to respond promptly. Continuing training improved CFRs’ skills. CFR functioning was facilitated by positive relationships with ambulance crews. Identification and recognition by patients were important and aided by wearing uniforms. Community support was a facilitator for CFR activities in rural areas. In contrast, limited communication in remote regions, long waits for an ambulance, and reliance on community donations impeded CFRs’ care function. Volunteer shortages and lack of access to a blue light while using trusts’ car hindered CFRs’ ability to respond quickly. Negative relationships with ambulance crews also hampered CFRs’ involvement.ConclusionThis study highlights factors associated with effective CFR functioning and the requirement for supportive institutional and societal contexts for CFRs to assist patients in medical emergencies.