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This study examines the impact of housing price increases on income inequality using the dynamic system GMM for OECD countries (2010–2021). We test the hypothesis that housing price appreciation affects income distribution differently based on economic development levels and homeownership patterns. The analysis is conducted both for the entire sample and by dividing countries into two groups based on per capita income, Group 1 (16 countries) with below-median per capita GDP and Group 2 (17 countries) with above-median per capita GDP, to account to account for structural differences in housing markets, financial systems, and wealth accumulation mechanisms. The findings show that rising housing prices help reduce income inequality, especially in countries that are relatively low-income and where more low-income households own their homes. Specifically, our estimates indicate that a one-point increase in the housing price index leads to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) 0.21 percentage point reduction in the Gini change rate in lower-income countries. However, in higher-income countries, the effect of housing prices on inequality is statistically insignificant, suggesting that the relationship between housing markets and income inequality varies across different economic contexts. This insignificance likely stems from countervailing forces: while housing appreciation increases wealth for homeowners, higher housing costs may disproportionately burden lower-income households through rental markets in these economies. The findings highlight the importance of country-specific housing programs that consider homeownership patterns and financial market access in tackling inequality, along with comprehensive public social policies. Our study has implications for policymakers seeking to address inequality through housing market interventions, particularly during the post-2008 recovery period and into the early pandemic phase.

This study investigates the impact of income redistribution on carbon emissions across 154 countries from 1995 to 2023, with a particular focus on carbon inequality. Using a dynamic panel approach with two-step System GMM estimations, the analysis considers three dependent variables: average per capita emissions, top 1% per capita emissions, and the ratio of top 1% per capita emissions to national average per capita emissions. Results show that income redistribution (measured in both absolute and relative terms) significantly reduces average per capita emissions in the short term. However, redistribution has no mitigating effect on the carbon emissions of the top 1%; in some models, it is even associated with increases in elite emissions and a widening of carbon inequality. These findings suggest that while redistribution may contribute to national emission reductions, it is insufficient to curb the carbon-intensive lifestyles of the wealthiest. The analysis confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and underscores the need for complementary policy tools to more effectively address the emissions of high-emitting individuals. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by linking income redistribution with emission disparities across income groups and highlights the importance of considering distributional dynamics in climate policy design.

Çalışmada, çevre ve sağlıkta önemli toplumsal faydaları olan bisiklet paylaşım sistemlerinin toplu taşıma sistemlerine entegre edilmesi halinde ulaşım sorunlarına önemli alternatif çözümler getirebileceği düşüncesinden hareketle, toplu taşıma talebinin yüksek potansiyele sahip olduğu fakat çeşitli nedenlerle bu talebin azaldığı yerlerde (özellikle de üniversiteler ile metro istasyonları arasındaki mesafelerin ikinci bir toplu taşıt kullanımı için kısa fakat yürümek için uzun olduğu durumlarda) bu uygulamanın geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Ankara’da Başkent Üniversitesi ile Koru Metro İstasyonu arasında mesafenin yakınlığı ancak ulaşımın zorluğu göz önünde bulundurularak bu bölge, pilot uygulama bölgesi olarak ele alınmış ve önerilen uygulama fayda-maliyet analiz tekniği ile desteklenmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle söz konusu bisiklet yolunun fayda ve maliyet kalemleri ayrı ayrı belirlenmiş, daha sonra bu kalemler parasallaştırılmak suretiyle toplam fayda ve toplam maliyetlerin net bugünkü değeri hesaplanarak bir sonuca varılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, talep tahmininde Başkent Üniversitesi öğrencilerine anket uygulaması yoluna da gidilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ekonomik ömrünün 20 yıl olarak kabul edildiği böyle bir faaliyette belirli varsayımlar altında fayda-maliyet oranı 5,19 olarak bulunduğundan çalışma bu tür bir faaliyeti desteklemektedir.

Based on the idea that bike-sharing systems integrated into public transportation systems could bring remarkable alternative solutions to the transportation problems (where demand for public transportation has high potential but is undermined for various reasons e.g., because the distance between destination and metro station is too short for a second public vehicle but too long for walking), as well as have significant social benefits in terms of the environment and public health, this studydiscusses whether or not such an activity should be supported. Since the distance between Başkent University and Koru metro station in Ankara is short but transportation is difficult, the area is investigated in this study as a pilot application using the cost-benefit analysis technique. In this context, firstly, a survey is conducdet among the students of Başkent University to determine the demand for the mentioned bicycle lane and bicycle sharing system after establishing the basic assumptions and model of the study. Second, the study conducts a cost-benefit analysis based on different discount rates by monetizing the cost and benefit items over the 20-year Project life, and determining the net present value of the total costs and, benefits, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the “good,”medium,” and “poor” scenarios, and the sustainability of the bike lane and the bike sharing system (compared to alternative electric vehicles) as a public policy was discussed. As a result, the study supports such activity as the benefit-cost ratio was 5.19 under certain assumptions where the economic life is assumed to be 20 years.

Introduction. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly worldwide since December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has a great affinity for the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, which is an essential element of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study is aimed at assessing the impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphisms, on the susceptibility and clinical outcomes of the COVID-19 immunoinflammatory syndrome. Patients and Methods. A total of 112 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1 and 15 May 2020 were enrolled in the study. ACE gene allele frequencies were compared to the previously reported Turkish population comprised of 300 people. Results. The most common genotype in the patients and control group was DI with 53% and II with 42%, respectively. The difference in the presence of the D allele between the patient and control groups was statistically significant (67% vs. 42%, respectively, p<0.0001). Severe pneumonia was observed more in patients with DI allele (31%) than DD (8%) and II (0%) (p=0.021). The mortality rate, time to defervescence, and the hospitalization duration were not different between the genotype groups. Conclusion. Genotype DI of ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with the infectious rate particularly severe pneumonia in this study conducted in the Turkish population. Therefore, ACE D/I polymorphism could affect the clinical course of COVID-19.