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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) termed as the true cholinesterase functions to end cholinergic transmission at synapses. Due to its diverse expression in non-neural tissues such as erythrocytes and bones along with its various molecular forms, researchers seek a non-classical role for this protein. Here, the inhibitory action of unsaturated 18 carbon fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid and 20 carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid on AChE were investigated. Enzyme activity was measured in kinetic assay method according to Ellman assay utilizing acetylthiocholine. Analysis of the activity data revealed that among the fatty acids examined the IC50 values differed according to the length of the fatty acid and the number of the double bonds. Arachidonic acid, a 20-carbon fatty acid with 4 unsaturated bonds (20:4 n-6, cis 5,8,11,14) displayed an IC50 value of 2.78 µM and Ki value of 396.35 µM. Linoleic acid, an essential 18-carbon fatty acid (18:2 n-6, cis 9,12) had an IC50 value of 7.95 µM and Ki value of 8027.55 µM. The IC50 value of alpha-linolenic acid, 18-carbon fatty acid (18:3 n-3, cis-9,12,15) was found as 179.11 µM. Analysis of the data fit the inhibition mechanism for linoleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidonic acid as mixed-type; non-competitive. Molecular docking complied with these results yielding the best score for arachidonic acid. The alkenyl chain of the fatty acids predictably reached to the catalytic site while the carboxylate strongly interacted with the peripheric anionic site.

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilk ve ortaokulda çalışan öğretmenlerin çatışma çözme stilleri, iş ve yaşam doyumlarını ve aralarındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve bunların seçilmiş bazı değişkenlere (cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, mesleki kıdem, mesleki branş, hizmet kademesi ve kurum türü) anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterip göstermediklerini tespit etmektir.Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'na bağlı çeşitli devlet ve özel ilk ve ortaokullarında görev yapmakta olan 247 öğretmen (139 kadın, 108 erkek) oluşturmaktadır.Araştırmada kullanılan ölçekler; \"Kişisel Bilgi Formu\", \"Rahim Örgütsel Çatışma Ölçeği (ROCI-II)\", \"Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği (MSQ)\" ve \"Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği''dir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerle ilgili yapılan analizler ikili gruplar arasındaki farklar bağımsız gruplar için t testi ile, çoklu gruplar arasındaki fark ANOVA testi ile test edilmiş, ayrıca yordayıcı analizlerde regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 15 (Statistical Package For The Social Science, sosyal bilimler için istatistik programı) paket programından yararlanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde hata payı 0.05 olarak alınmıştırAraştırmadan elde edilen önemli bulgular şunlardır: Yaşam doyumu ile genel iş doyumu (p<0<01) ve genel çatışma yönetimi (p<0<05) arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişkiler bulunurken, genel iş doyumu ile genel çatışma yönetimi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır (p>0>05). Öğretmenlerin genel çatışma yönetimi; cinsiyet, hizmet kademesi ve kurum türüne göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte (p<0<05) ancak yaş, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, mesleki kıdem ve mesleki branşa göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir (p>0>05). Öğretmenlerin genel iş doyumu; eğitim durumu ve hizmet kademesine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte (p<0<05) ancak cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, mesleki kıdem, mesleki branş ve kurum türüne göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir (p>0>05). Öğretmenlerin yaşam doyumu doyumu; eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte (p<0<05) ancak cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, mesleki kıdem, mesleki branş, hizmet kademesi ve kurum türüne göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir (p>0>05). Çatışma çözme stillerinin tamamı (bütünleştirme, ödün verme, hükmetme, kaçınma ve uzlaşma) birlikte iş doyumundaki varyansın yüzde 5'ini, yaşam doyumundaki varyansın ise yüzde 8'ini açıklamaktadır. Çatışma çözme stillerinin tamamı ve iş doyumunun alt boyutları (içsel ve dışsal doyum) birlikte yaşam doyumundaki varyansın yüzde 18'ini açıklamaktadır.

[...]long-term use of these drugs causes undesirable side effects, including ulcers and cardiovascular disorders (Baron et al., 2008; Rostom et al., 2002). Since the beginning of human history, medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for many purposes, such as food, medicine, cosmetics, and spices. Metabolomics research leads to pharmacologically active substances obtained by scanning the content analysis of materials such as plant extracts. In this study, plant species of Mentha piperita L., Salvia officinalis L., Lavandula officinalis Chaix., Scutellaria orientalis L., and Melissa officinalis L. from the Lamiaceae family, known to have biologically active secondary metabolites, were selected. The antioxidant activity values of all materials were calculated according to the following formula: (ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.) (1) where A0 is the absorbance value consisting of MeOH and DPPH+ for extracts and Quercetin, Asample is the absorbance with extracts or standard.

Background This survey study aims to evaluate knowledge of centrifuge operation and adherence to centrifugation protocols among laboratory personnel. These aspects are crucial in preventing pre-analytical errors. Additionally, the study seeks to assess the equipment infrastructure and staffing status within the participants' institutions. Methods The study involved 397 participants from various medical laboratories. A 16-item survey, using a 5-point Likert scale, was utilized to assess theoretical and practical knowledge of centrifuge operation. Two groups of subscales were developed, with one focusing on theoretical and practical knowledge and the other on pre-centrifugation, centrifugation, and post-centrifugation processes. Demographic data were collected, and the reliability of the survey was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha (0.94). Validity was assessed through factor analysis. Results The majority of participants were female (63%) and worked as laboratory technicians (72%). Approximately 71% had never received formal centrifuge training, and significant differences were observed between theoretical and practical knowledge, particularly among laboratory technicians ( P  < 0.001). Education level and job title also influenced knowledge scores ( P  < 0.001). Conclusion The developed survey scale demonstrated high reliability and validity, indicating its potential as a valuable reference for future studies assessing centrifugation competency and usage in laboratory environments. These findings underline the need for improved training programs to reduce pre-analytical errors and enhance overall laboratory performance.

Objectives: Systemic inflammation has an important role in psoriasis, which is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence and is associated with comorbidity. Our aim is to investigate the relationship of hematological parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) with the presence and severity of the disease in patients with psoriasis. It is also to investigate whether it can be used as a biomarker in monitoring the response to systemic treatment.Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted with the participation of 139 psoriasis patients receiving biological therapy (BT) and conventional therapy (CT) and 140 healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients and controls were examined and all parameters were compared with the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score. In addition, the changes in these parameters before the treatment and in the third month of the treatment were examined in the patient groups who received BT and CT.Results: White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocytes, platelet (PLT), plateletcrit, red blood cell, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), CRP and erythrocytesedimentation (ESR) levels were higher compared to the healthy control group in psoriasis patients (p<0.05). Baseline PASI values were positively correlated with WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, NLR, MLR, and CRP. WBC, neutrophil, NLR, CRP, and ESR levels decreased in all patients in the third month of treatment (p<0.05). WBC, PLT, neutrophil, and NLR in patients receiving BT; while WBC, neutrophil, NLR, CRP, and ESR levels decreased in patients receiving CT, RDW levels increased (p<0.05). Adalimumab; NLR and basophil, methotrexate; WBC, NLR, neutrophil, and ESR levels caused a significant decrease (p<0.05).Conclusion: The fact that increased WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, NLR, MLR, and CRP levels are associated with the severity of psoriasis indicates that these parameters reflect systemic inflammation in psoriasis. In addition, the decrease in these parameters after BT and CT suggests that they can be considered simple and reliable markers that can be used as a complement to the PASI score in assessing disease severity and response to treatment.

We aimed to investigate the relationship among probable sarcopenia, osteoporosis (OP) and supraspinatus tendon (SSP) tears in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women screened/followed for OP were recruited. Demographic data, comorbidities, exercise/smoking status, and handgrip strength values were recorded. Probable sarcopenia was diagnosed as handgrip strength values < 20 kg. Achilles and SSP thicknesses were measured using ultrasound. Among 1443 postmenopausal women, 268 (18.6%) subjects had SSP tears. Unilateral tears were on the dominant side in 146 (10.1%) and on the non-dominant side in 55 women (3.8%). In contrast to those without, women with SSP tears had older age, lower level of education, thinner SSP and lower grip strength (all p < 0.05). In addition, they had higher frequencies of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, DM, OP and probable sarcopenia, but lower exercise frequency (all p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression modeling revealed that age [odds ratio (OR): 1.046 (1.024–1.067 95% CI)], hypertension [OR: 1.560 (1.145–2.124 95% CI)], OP [OR: 1.371 (1.022–1.839 95% CI)] and probable sarcopenia [OR: 1.386 (1.031–1.861 95% CI)] were significant predictors for SSP tears (all p < 0.05). This study showed that age, presence of hypertension, probable sarcopenia and OP were related with SSP tears in postmenopausal women. To this end, although OP appeared to be related to SSP tears, SSP tear/thickness evaluation can be recommended for OP patients, especially those who have other risk factors such as older age, higher BMI, hypertension, and probable sarcopenia.

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism was developed to ensure that industrial sectors operating outside the EU follow the same environmental standards and targets while competing with the EU’s carbon market. This mechanism aims to calculate the carbon footprint of goods and services imported into the EU and make carbon adjustments accordingly. The transition phase, starting in 2023, represents the period when the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism will be implemented. The completion of the transition phase is targeted for 2025. By this date, the effective implementation of this mechanism is aimed at demonstrating that countries outside of the EU comply with emissions regulations using Carbon at Border certificates. The textile industry’s products have a significant environmental impact throughout their life cycle, from the production of raw materials to the disposal of the finished product. Textile production, especially synthetic yarns, requires large amounts of energy, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. In this study, a “cradle-to-customer plus waste” life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of two products in the textile sector. The Monte Carlo analysis method can be used to handle uncertainties in LCA calculations. It is a method for modeling uncertainties and statistically evaluating results. In this study, this method is preferred at the stage of determining uncertainties. The processes from chips to yarns are investigated for two synthetic yarns: polyester (PES) and polypropylene (PP). The carbon emissions of PP and PES used in textiles are calculated for the first time in this study using detailed modeling with LCAs and a real application. The main production operations are considered: (i) transport of raw materials and packaging material, (ii) energy consumption during the production process, (iii) transport of products, and (iv) end-of-life steps. When the actual data obtained from a company are analyzed, the carbon footprints (CFs) of the PES and PP are calculated to be 13.40 t CO2-eq (t PES)-1 and 6.42 t CO2-eq (t PP)-1, respectively. These data can be used as reference points for future studies and comparisons. According to the results obtained, when the energy consumption and raw material stages in the production of the PES and PP products are compared, it is seen that the CF of PP yarn is lower, and it is more environmentally friendly. These findings can be utilized to enhance government policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and managing synthetic yarn production in Türkiye. Since PP and PES raw materials are predominantly used in synthetic yarns, this study’s objective is to quantify the carbon emissions associated with the utilization of these raw materials and provide guidance to companies engaged in their production.

Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 antigen on B cells and is used in various autoimmune disorders. In this study, we aimed to measure the awareness of pediatric rheumatologists about the use of RTX through a survey. Between February and March 2023, a 42-question survey was sent via email to pediatric rheumatology specialists in Turkey. The participants were questioned for which diagnoses and system involvement they preferred to use RTX, which routine tests they performed, vaccination policy, and adverse events that occurred during or after infusion. Forty-one pediatric rheumatologists answered the survey. They prescribed RTX most frequently for systemic lupus erythematosus (87.8%) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (9.8%). Prior to the administration of RTX, 95% of clinicians checked renal and liver function tests, as well as immunoglobulin levels. The most frequently tested hepatitis markers before treatment were HBsAg and anti-HBs antibody (97.6%), while 85.4% of rheumatologists checked for anti-HCV. Clinicians (31.4%) reported that they postpone RTX infusion 2 weeks following an inactivated vaccine. Sixty-one percent of rheumatologists reported starting RTX treatment 1 month after live vaccines, while 26.8% waited 6 months. The most frequent adverse events were an allergic reaction during RTX infusion (65.9%), hypogammaglobulinemia (46.3%), and rash (36.6%). In the event of hypogammaglobulinemia after RTX treatment, physicians reported that they frequently (58.5%) continued RTX after intravenous immunoglobulin administration. Conclusions : RTX has become a common treatment option in pediatric rheumatology in recent years. Treatment management may vary between clinician such as vaccination and routine tests. What is Known : • During the course of rituximab therapy, clinicians should be attentive to specific considerations in pre-treatment, during administration, and in post-treatment patient monitoring. What is New: • There are differences in practice among clinicians in the management of RTX therapy. These practice disparities have the potential to impact the optimal course of treatment. • This study highlights that standardized guidelines are needed for RTX treatment in pediatric rheumatology, particularly for vaccination policies and routine tests.

Background: Recently, laser therapy in onychomycosis has become an alternative treatment because it is a minimally invasive procedure and positive results can be obtained in a few sessions. Our aim in our study was to evaluate the results of Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in the treatment of patients followed up with the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with a diagnosis of onychomycosis were included in the study. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment was applied for a total of three sessions every two weeks. The patients were re-evaluated one month after the last session. Results: The most common type of onychomycosis was the distal lateral (73.1%) type. The average of the onychomycosis score index values, which were measured to evaluate the clinical response, decreased significantly after the treatment (p=0.001). Conclusion: Q-Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser is a safe method in onychomycosis patients. It can be recommended especially in patients who do not want to use oral antifungals or have contraindications. Longer sessions may be required for effectiveness. Keywords: Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, Onychomycosis, Nail

This study investigated the possible protective and therapeutic effects of Myrtus communis subsp. communis ethanol extract (MC) in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and D-galactose (D-Gal) induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. MC was orally given to rats as a protective treatment for 90 days and, in other two groups starting from the 60th day MC (100-200 mg/kg) was administered, concomitantly with AlCl3 and D-Gal. Learning and memory functions were evaluated by the behavioral tests. Biological activities of MC treatment were examined in hippocampal tissues by ELISA tests. D-Gal and AlCl3-treated rats showed increased amyloid beta (Aβ) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8- OHdG) levels, acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased neprilysin, Na+-K+ATPase and SOD levels in parallel with a decrease in Novel Object Recognition Test, Morris Water Maze and Passive Avoidance Test scores. On the other hand, MC administration reversed the behavioral impairments and improved learning and memory. Moreover, MC treatment decreased Aβ and 8-OHdG levels and acetylcholinesterase activity and increased neprilysin levels, Na+-K+ATPase and SOD levels. Our results suggest that MC has beneficial effects on cognitive and neuronal functions through its anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties.