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This paper outlines three key processes: 3D modeling based on the technical records, data mapping to objects in the Building Information Modelling (BIM) model, and data extraction from the model. Access to energy is a critical concern on the modern society, but equally important of how the energy is obtained. The methods used should be efficient enough to minimize adverse environmental impact, which holds significant importance in today's energy production landscape. In the case of non-load-bearing subsoil, high structural loads or special requirements of the building, a deep foundation with drilled piles is required for a planned structure. The structure described in this paper is a deep foundation, utilized for onshore wind turbine design. This type of foundations can support largest wind turbine generators in operation. As the turbines are increasing in size, gravity are approaching to the limits of both their capacity and economical limit. The focus of this research is to provide an accessible and easy-to-use BIM methodology for capturing and managing information derived from the technical documentation, and evidence gathered during the construction phase. The integrated meta data covers information across written parts, drawings, in-situ, and laboratory test results, planning registers, cost registers, sustainability criteria's identification and application and predicted performance in time of the described elements. Future endeavors will be directed towards automating the process of Building Information Modeling (BIM), by developing custom scripts designed to automatically generate elements for similar structures. The findings contribute to the advancement of BIM methodology as a key tool for guiding informed decision making for green wind farms projects.

In the last few years, the building industry experienced a significant development as a response to the demographic growth of human society and to the increasing demand for housing. Their construction involves the traditional use of concrete as a material that provides added strength to the finished building. This is manufactured respecting standard recipes depending on the way of its use. Anyway, all concrete recipes involve the use of mineral aggregates extracted from the riverbed, as is happening in Romania, or rock blocks crushing, as reported in other countries. Under these conditions, the rationalization of the use of natural mineral resources and the identification of new possibilities to reduce their consumption through their replacement with vegetal waste has become an important research issue. In this study, two types of vegetal waste—namely, shredded corn cobs and sunflower stalks—were used to manufacture novel ecological concretes. The vegetal wastes, both in untreated and treated forms (with 20% and 40% of sodium silicate solution), were used to replace 50% of the river (mineral) aggregate volume. The obtained concretes were tested, and the values of some important parameters in the concrete characterization (such as bulk density, water adsorption capacity, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength) were compared with the concrete contains cement CEM II/A-LL 42.5R. The obtained results show that these vegetal wastes have the potential to be used in the manufacturing of new ecological concrete. In addition, this alternative material meets the requirements for the sustainable and healthy development of the environment, offering low-polluting solutions in the context of an increasing demand for constructions.

Since the enforcement of Law 98/2016 on public procurement in Romania, the inclusion of price adjustment clauses in construction contracts has become a standard practice. This paper, which presents a comprehensive analysis of the financial implications of eight adjustment formulas applied to public construction projects executed over three durations (12, 24, and 36 months) between 2018 and 2024, is a significant contribution to the field. A comparative analysis using objective indices published by Romania’s National Institute of Statistics reveals the impact of inflation and cost variations on adjusted contract values. Three scenarios, each starting in different years (2018, 2020, and 2022), are explored to determine the sensitivity of the formulas to market fluctuations. Results show that by applying the eight adjustment formulas, only two formulas tend toward annual inflation. The indices used by the construction branch are not correlated with yearly inflation, and when no advance payments are granted, they offer a reliable basis for economic equilibrium in public contracting. The study guides the selection of appropriate adjustment models to manage financial risk in a volatile construction market, providing valuable insights for academics, researchers, and professionals in civil engineering and public procurement.

Acest document se adresează categoriilor de proiecte de construcţii finanţate din fonduri europene şi de stat. Se analizează metodologia şi impactul costurilor în construcţii prin aplicarea formulei de calcul a costului actualizării de preţ pe baza inflaţiei publicate de Institutul National de Statistica. Costul unui proiect este definit de costurile directe şi indirecte, dar în proiectele derulate cu statul apare un cost de actualizare. Costurile directe sunt reprezentate de resursele de materiale, manoperă, utilaj, transport implicate în execuţia proiectului. Costul indirect este reprezentat de toate costurile auxiliare cu implicare directa sau indirecta în execuţia proiectului, cum ar fi dar a nu se limita la: retribuţii ale personalului de conducere, tehnic, economic, de altă specialitate, administrativ, de deservire, protecţia muncii, amenajarea şi întreţinerea şantierului, asigurarea lucrărilor de construcţii. Costul de actualizare este destinate pentru a prelua o creştere de preţuri datorită unor schimbări ce nu ţin de proiect şi ţin de economia de piaţă a industriei în de construcţii. Costul final plătit la finalizarea proiectului este definit de costul direct, indirect şi actualizare. Prin aplicarea metodelor reglementate de Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 1/2018 şi Ordonanţa de Urgenta nr. 15/2021, constatăm o diferenţă în metoda de aplicare. Practic pentru proiectele de construcţii la care se aplică formula de actualizare din H.G. nr. 1/2018 constatăm că se aplică la toată valoarea contractului de execuţie (material, manopera, utilaj, transport şi cheltuieli indirecte), faţă de Ordonanţa de Urgenta nr. 15/2021 care se aplica doar pentru materiale fără a lua în considerare costurile de manopera, utilaj, transport, profit ale proiectului. Rezultatele obţinute în urma folosirii metodelor de actualizare a costului în construcţii pe baza indicilor de cost arată clar o majorare a costului unui proiect de construcţii. Pentru a stabilii un parametru cu caracter general pentru diverse tipuri de proiecte, sunt necesare studii aprofundate şi analize.

This study provides insight into the structural assessment, diagnosis, and strengthening of the medieval church of Tazlău Monastery in Piatra Neamț, Romania. The first part of the paper briefly presents the wider context of strengthening and preserving heritage churches and monastic buildings and describes the architectural setting and the structural features of the traditional Romanian Orthodox churches. The second part of the paper is a case study related to the rehabilitation of a medieval heritage church, which is the paramount building of a larger monastic complex. Erected in 1496, the church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary closely follows the medieval traditional Orthodox patterns from both architectural and structural points of view. Structural assessment and diagnosis revealed that degradations were induced and developed throughout the life of the structure due to approximately 24 earthquakes (estimated at over 6.0 magnitude) having endangered the structural safety of the building and the mural iconography. After the structural diagnosis, a combined and complex method of strengthening consisting of both grouting and introducing steel rods in vertically drilled galleries along the entire height of the walls was selected. The main advantage of applying this combined strengthening strategy was a remarkable enhancement of the structural seismic performance of the church building.

The increased CO2 emissions determined by the cement industry led to continuous and intensive research on the discovery of sustainable raw materials with cementitious properties. One such raw material category is agricultural waste. This study involved research on the effects of corn cob ash and sunflower stalk ash, respectively, on compressive strength measured after 28 days and 3 months, the flexural and splitting tensile strengths, the resistance to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, and on the resistance to chemical attack of hydrochloric acid of the concrete. A 2.5% and 5% replacement of the cement volume with corn cob ash (CCA) of A and B quality was applied, and with sunflower stalk ash (SSA) at A and B quality, respectively. The obtained results revealed that CCA and SSA decreased the compressive and tensile strength, but led to higher resistance of the concrete on repeated freeze–thaw cycles and to hydrochloric acid. The mixes with 2.5% SSA at A quality obtained the best results regarding splitting the tensile strength and resistance to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, the mixes with 2.5% SSA at B quality led to the highest resistance to hydrochloric acid, and those with 2.5% CCA at A quality led to the best values of compressive strength and flexural tensile strength.

Concrete, the most common material in the building industry, involves the use of mineral aggregates that represent an exhaustible resource, despite their large availability. For a series of applications, these mineral aggregates can be replaced by vegetal ones, which represent an easy renewable natural resource. In this study, two types of vegetal raw materials, namely sunflower stalks and corn cobs, were used in developing 10 compositions of ecological microconcrete, with different percentages involved: 20%, 35%, 50%, 65% and 80%; they were analyzed from the perspectives of density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, resistance to repeated freeze-thaw cycles, modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity. The results revealed that the microconcretes with sunflower stalks registered slightly higher densities and better results regarding the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and freeze-thaw resistance than those with corn cobs. Lightweight concrete is obtained when more than 50% replacement rates of the mineral aggregates are used.

The effects of the fly ash and of the sunflower stalks and corn cobs within a cement-matrix composite were studied under the aspects of density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elasticity modulus, and resistance to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. In the research were developed 20 recipes of cement-based composite, including the reference composite. Fly ash was used as partial cement replacement (10, 20 and 30% by volume), and the vegetal aggregates made by corn cobs and sunflower stalks as partial replacement of the mineral aggregates (25 and 50% by volume). The study results revealed that a lightweight composite can be obtained with 50% of vegetal aggregates, and the fly ash, no matter its percentage, enhanced the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the compositions with 50% of sunflower aggregates and the freeze-thaw resistance of all compositions with sunflower stalks.

The use of plant ash as a sustainable cementitious material in concrete composition is a widely researched subject in the construction domain. A plant studied so far more for its thermal insulation properties, sunflower, was analyzed in this study with regard to its ash effects on the concrete composition. The present research aimed to analyze the effects of a 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 30% volume replacement of cement by sunflower stalk ash (SA), a sustainable cementitious material, on the concrete compressive strength at 28 days and three months, the flexural and splitting tensile strengths, the resistance to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, and the resistance to chemical attack of hydrochloric acid. The elementary chemical composition of the SA and the composites was included also. According to the experimental results, SA decreased the values of the compressive and tensile strength of the concrete, but it improved the concrete behavior under repeated freeze–thaw cycles and under the action of hydrochloric acid. A percent of 10% of SA led to a much more pronounced development of compressive strength over time than conventional concrete (26.6% versus 12%).

The construction industry plays a critical role in global carbon emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. Embodied carbon, which encompasses all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the extraction, production, transportation, and construction of materials, has become a critical focus in sustainable design. Building Information Modeling (BIM), with tools such as Autodesk Revit, Autodesk Forma, One Click LCA and Tully, among others, offers opportunities to streamline embodied carbon analysis through data integration and automation. The focus of this research is to provide an accessible and easy-to-use BIM methodology for capturing and managing information derived embodied carbon analysis, highlighting its workflows, benefits, challenges, and potential for sustainable design practices. Through a case study, the Revit to Forma methodology demonstrates how both tools interact and can enable architects, engineers, and contractors to make informed decisions that reduce the environmental impact of construction projects at all stages of design and construction. This paper outlines three key processes: 3D modeling, data mapping to objects in the Building Information Modelling (BIM) model, and data mapping from the model in the platform Forma. The findings contribute to the advancement of BIM methodology as a key tool for guiding informed decision making for green buildings projects.