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1- All of technical secondary enrollment rate decrease from 63.4% in 2007/2008 to 52.5 % in the year 2013/2014. 2- Among technical secondary, the industrial secondary enrollment rate was the highest 49.3%, commercial secondary 40.4 %, and the agricultural secondary was 10.3 % in 2013 /2014. 3- The number of enrollment in industrial secondary increased from 695376 students in 2007/2008 to 794215 students in 2013/2014, with increase percent 14.2 %, number of enrolled boys increased during the same period with 16.9 % and this is higher than girls 9.9 % for total Egypt. 4- The commercial education enrollment number increase from 524946 students in 2007/2008 to 650151 students in the year 2013/2014 with increase percent 23.9% (42.4% boys, 13.9% girls). 5- The agricultural education number increased from 141307 students in 2007/2008 to 165513 in the year 2013/2014 with increase percent 17.1 % (23.4 % boys, 4.5 %girls). 6- The enrollment rate for industrial education decreased from 23.1% in the year 2007/2008 to 16.7 % in the year 2013/2014, also for boys from 28% to 20.6 %, and girls from 17.9 ٪ to 12.6 % for the same years. 7- The commercial education enrollment rate decreased from 17.4 % at the year 2007/2008 to 13.7 % at the year 2013 /2014, boys and girls enrollment rate decreased from (11.9 % - 23.2 %) in 2007/2008 to (10.7% - 16.7 %) in the year 2013 /2014. 8- The enrollment rate for the agricultural education decreased from 4.7% in the year 2007/2008 to 3.5 % in the year 2013/2014, also for boys from 7.1 % to 5.5 %, and for girls 2.2 % to 1.3 % in the same years. 9- The increase percent for school number was 11.4% for industrial secondary, 15.7 % for agricultural while it was 8.8 % for the commercial in the year 2013/2014. 10- The highest percent in teachers numbers was in industrial secondary 8.3% and 2.7 % for the agricultural secondary while it was 1.3% only in commercial secondary in the year 2013/2014. 11- The average pupil number per teacher was 8.3 pupil /teacher for the industrial, 12.1 for the Agricultural, 17.4 for the commercial in the year 2013 /2014. 12- Class density was 32 pupils in industrial secondary, 34 pupils for the agricultural, and 37 pupil for the commercial in the year 2013 /2014. 13- Unemployment rate for illiterate was 5.4% and 17.1% for those who have technical secondary education, while it was 22% among university graduates in the year 2013. 14- Unemployment rate increased for those who have industrial education from 13.4% in 2009 to 17.2 % in the year 2013, for the commercial education from 17.1%to 19.8 %, and for the agricultural from 8.3% to 11.2٪ at the same years.

The present study focuses on the intention of currently married women on using family planning method in the future. Two groups of non-users (never and past users) are examined according to some demographic, socioeconomic and motivation variables. The study depends on the results of Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS, 2000). The main findings of this study are: -Never users of family planning methods are the youngest group compared to past and current users. They have the youngest age at first marriage , shortest duration of marriage and they have less number of living children - Socioeconomic status of never users seems to be lower than the other two groups (ever users and currently users): *The majority of never users live in rural areas, most of them live in rural upper Egypt * Most of never users and their husbands are among the non educated persons. *The lowest percentage of never users is among women married to husbands with professional, technicians and manager's occupation while the highest percentage is observed among women married to husbands working agriculture and manual work. *Never users are also less likely to work for cash. -Never users prefer the large number of family size than the other two groups and have the highest percentage of women want to have another child compared to the other two groups. -Never users are less likely to know about family planning through radio or television and they have the lowest percentage of wife approval and also husband approval on family planning use. -Almost all women have a complete knowledge about family planning methods and there is a small difference between the three groups in their knowledge about the sources of family planning services. -The results indicate that women who don't intend to use family planning in the future have the highest mean of current age and the longest duration of marriage among past users compared to the never users and they also have more number of living children and years of education. -Menopause and fear from side effects and health concerns are the main causes of non users among past user while want for more children the most common reason for don't intend to use in the future between never users.

the main findings 1- Percentage of expenditure on education is 11.9% of the total expenditure in 2012/ 2013, and the expenditure on pre-university education is 9.3% of the total expenditure. 2- The number of enrolled in all education levels increased between the period 2007/ 2008 - 2012/ 2013, where it increased in pre- primary education by 43.33%, in primary education increased by 8.6% and in secondary education increased by 77.2%. 3- The gross enrollment ratio for per-primary education increased from 20% in 2007/ 2008 to 26.6% in 2012/ 2013, for primary education it increased from 95.2% to 96.9% and for secondary education it increased from 26.1 % to 30% in the same years. 4- The drop out ratio in primary education is 0.7%, 0.34% and for preparatory education is 6.5%, 6.0% between the years (2006/ 2007 - 2007/ 2008) and (2010/ 2011- 2011 /2012) respectively. 5- The number of governmental school for pre- primary education increased by 26% compared to 20.1 % for private schools between the years 2007/ 2008- 2012/ 2013. 6- Percentage of increase in the number of governmental schools in primary education decreased to 2.6% compared to 18.7% for private schools between the years 2007/ 2008 and 2012/ 2013 and there is the same trend for the preparatory and secondary education. 7- Number of teachers in pre- primary education represents the highest increasing ratio by 44.6%, then preparatory education by 14.3% and the primary education represents the lowest increasing ratio by 6.5% during the period of study. 8- Number of classes in secondary education represents the highest. increased ratio by 54.1% then the pre- primary education by 34.3%. 9- Class density for pre- primary education increased from 32 students in 2007/ 2008 to 34.1 students in 2012/2013. 10- Class density for primary education increased from 43 students in 2007/ 2008 to 43.4 students in 2012/ 2013 and in secondary education it increased from 33 students to 37.7 students for the same years, where it decreased for preparatory education from 41 students to 40.7 students for these years. 11- The average number of students per teacher in pre- primary education is 28.1 in 2012/ 2013, in primary education it reached 25.2, in preparatory education it reached to 17.8 where tile secondary education is the lowest as tile number of students per teacher is 13.6 in the same years.

The wages issue considered as one of the most important issues which has been raised recently and that because of its direct impact on the wider sector of the society and that can be seen in the protests of the class based demands for improving and development of wages especially after the 25th of Jan revolution. 1. The study aims to shed the light on the concepts and the various dimensions of the wages issues. 2. Presenting the economic and the social variables should be taken in account when expose to the issue of determining of the value of the wage. 3. Reviewing the rates of contributions in the economic activity in the public and private sector and its doubling rates in the private sector in the time that the worker productivity decrease strongly and under the non-adequate work conditions of the private sector compared with the public one in work stability and participation in social and health insurance.

The population Problem is the imbalance between the population, the natural resources, and economic growth, as well as its impact on the social, health and welfare aspects of a specific Society. Egypt's population problems in the 21 st century can not be handled the same way as handling the over population growth in the last century. Demographers should be aware of this and be prepared for new challenges and perspectives. There are three dimensions of Egypt's population Problem 1. High population growth rate per age categories of population. 2. Poor population characteristics (i-e. Social, economic, health, and education levels. 3. The imbalanced distribution among the available land (high population density). This Study aims to: 1- Study the population Situation in Egypt. 2- Study the efforts in population distribution; illiteracy and also the efforts in develop the economic and infrastructure characteristics. Recommendation: 1- Reducing the population growth rate. 2- Improving the geographical distribution of population. 3- Upgrading the population characteristics. 4- Reducing the demographic, social and economic gaps among population groups and different geographic area. 5- Expand social Security Coverage which helps to reduce the expected benefits of the children in the long run. 6- Improve the quality of life in Rural to reduce migration to the city.

Introduction: The wages issue considered as one of the most important issues which has been raised recently and that because of its direct impact on he wider sector of the society and that can be seen in the protests of he class based demands for improving and development of wages especially after the 25th of Jan revolution. 1. The study aims to shed the light on the concepts and the various dimensions of the wages issues. 2. Presenting the economic and the social variables should be taken in account when expose to the issue of determining of the value of the wage. 3. Reviewing the rates of contributions in the economic activity in the public and private sector and its doubling rates in the private sector in the time that the worker productivity decrease strongly and under the non -adequate work conditions of the private sector compared with the public one in work stability and participation in social and health insurance. The main finding: 1. the wages averages of the public and the private sectors was noticed that the monthly average wages of the public sector is two time of the private sector one where its equal 2235 LE compared by 1124LE at the private sector. 2. the ratio of the employee who get equivalent wages for the general wage average or more than it in the public sector than its equivalent in the private sector so the public sector foundations still have an relative advantage according to the wage than the private sector although following the privatization policy in a lot of companies . 3. The highest average of wages according to the profession were for the workers in legislation .senior officials and managers where it reaches to 4634LE in the public sector and 5042 LE for the private one. 4. Concerning the variation in both sectors we can find that the disparity in the public sector wage is less than the private sector one and we can notice that the least wage average in the public sector was 1350LE for the workers in agriculture and fishing compared with 656 for the private sector. 5. It was noticed that there is increasing in level of the general wage average in the public sector than its equivalent in the private one, the ratio of workers in different fields whose wages is higher than the general average or equal to It in the public sector is higher than the private sector according to profession among males and females 6. And concerning the impact of some variables on the wage level such as prices, the study displayed that the high level of prices exceeds the increasing in wages and also decreases the real value of the real wage and swallows the increasing in money wage. 7. The wage's depression urges the employee to fill more than one job and thus deprive the others of these jobs which leads to high rate of unemployment. 8. The study cleared that the unemployment affects and affected by wage. 9. Increasing of unemployment urges the employers to decrease the wage average. 10. but concerning the relationship of wages to productivity there is a difficulty in determination of worker productivity which measured by the worker portion of the GDP but if there is a depression in wages in Egypt it will be met by a depressed productivity 11. The study pointed out the importance of establishing a minimum wage through the development of some proposals for calculating the minimum Such as determining it according to the average wages in order to reach to 841 LE per month, and according to the poverty line It ranges between 315 to 752 LE per month. 12. The wage reaches to 977.44 LE per month according to the basic needs basket for the class which less than 20 % in its expenditure and 1192 LE per month for the second class

This study focuses on the reproductive behavior of women aged (15-29).It utilizes the individual data of Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2005. Bivarite analysis is used to study the reproductive behavior of various subgroups of young women . 1- Young women aged 15-19 got married on average at age 16.6 years women aged 20-24at age 18.5 years and women aged 25-29 at age 19.6 years. 2- About 39 percent of women aged 15-19, 26 percent of those aged 20-24 and 23 percent of those aged 25-29 gave birth for the first time before age 18.0. 3- Most young women are knowledgeable about family planning methods and know where to obtain those methods. 4- Television is main source for the first information about family planning. 5- About 26 , 44 and 56 percent of women in the first, and second and third age group respectively were contraception at the survey time. 6- The highest proportions of nonusers who intend to use family planning in the future reported that they prefer to use IUD. 7- Desire for more children, current pregnancy were the main reasons for not using contraception at the survey time. 8- Desire for more children, fear of side effect of contraceptives and health concern seem to be the main for not intending to use contraception in the future. 9- Women residing in rural Upper Egypt and those with no education are more likely to marry and start childbearing earlier than other women.