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1- All of technical secondary enrollment rate decrease from 63.4% in 2007/2008 to 52.5 % in the year 2013/2014. 2- Among technical secondary, the industrial secondary enrollment rate was the highest 49.3%, commercial secondary 40.4 %, and the agricultural secondary was 10.3 % in 2013 /2014. 3- The number of enrollment in industrial secondary increased from 695376 students in 2007/2008 to 794215 students in 2013/2014, with increase percent 14.2 %, number of enrolled boys increased during the same period with 16.9 % and this is higher than girls 9.9 % for total Egypt. 4- The commercial education enrollment number increase from 524946 students in 2007/2008 to 650151 students in the year 2013/2014 with increase percent 23.9% (42.4% boys, 13.9% girls). 5- The agricultural education number increased from 141307 students in 2007/2008 to 165513 in the year 2013/2014 with increase percent 17.1 % (23.4 % boys, 4.5 %girls). 6- The enrollment rate for industrial education decreased from 23.1% in the year 2007/2008 to 16.7 % in the year 2013/2014, also for boys from 28% to 20.6 %, and girls from 17.9 ٪ to 12.6 % for the same years. 7- The commercial education enrollment rate decreased from 17.4 % at the year 2007/2008 to 13.7 % at the year 2013 /2014, boys and girls enrollment rate decreased from (11.9 % - 23.2 %) in 2007/2008 to (10.7% - 16.7 %) in the year 2013 /2014. 8- The enrollment rate for the agricultural education decreased from 4.7% in the year 2007/2008 to 3.5 % in the year 2013/2014, also for boys from 7.1 % to 5.5 %, and for girls 2.2 % to 1.3 % in the same years. 9- The increase percent for school number was 11.4% for industrial secondary, 15.7 % for agricultural while it was 8.8 % for the commercial in the year 2013/2014. 10- The highest percent in teachers numbers was in industrial secondary 8.3% and 2.7 % for the agricultural secondary while it was 1.3% only in commercial secondary in the year 2013/2014. 11- The average pupil number per teacher was 8.3 pupil /teacher for the industrial, 12.1 for the Agricultural, 17.4 for the commercial in the year 2013 /2014. 12- Class density was 32 pupils in industrial secondary, 34 pupils for the agricultural, and 37 pupil for the commercial in the year 2013 /2014. 13- Unemployment rate for illiterate was 5.4% and 17.1% for those who have technical secondary education, while it was 22% among university graduates in the year 2013. 14- Unemployment rate increased for those who have industrial education from 13.4% in 2009 to 17.2 % in the year 2013, for the commercial education from 17.1%to 19.8 %, and for the agricultural from 8.3% to 11.2٪ at the same years.

Main Results: 1- In Egypt, the rate of time dedicated for paid work in the formal sector on the whole sample is 7 hours and 32 minutes, compared to 7 hours and 47 minutes in Palestine. 2- The percentage of those who participate in the activities of the formal sector has reached 11.6%, while in Palestine it reached 10.3%. 3- Unpaid activities; including household activities, child and elder care activities, local community services, helping other households. Females spend 4 hours and 57 minutes for unpaid house services compared to 3 hours and 42 minutes in Palestine. Around 91% of female of the sample in both Egypt and Palestine do such services. 4- The percent of males conducing activities in teaching and learning has reached 19.8% and 12.2% for females compared to 24% for females and 21.4% for males in Palestine. 5- The rate of time dedicated for work in the formal sector has witnesses the lowest number of hours in age group (10-17 years) where it reached one hour and 29 minutes. Conversely, in Palestine, the number of hours dedicated for work in the formal sector was the highest for age group (10-17 years) where it reached 8 hours and 3 minutes. The rates for those who work in the formal sector are similar between Egypt and Palestine where it recorded 0.4% and 0.7% respectively for the same age group. 6- The number of hours spent for teaching and learning decreases as age increases to hit its lowest rate in the age group (50 years and above) in both Egypt and Palestine where it reached 2 hours and 43 minutes in Egypt compared to 2 hours and 5 minutes in Palestine. 7- The highest number of hours spent in the formal sector was for those with a secondary certificate in both Egypt and Palestine where it reached 7 hours and 46 minutes in Egypt compared to 8 hours and 17 minutes in Palestine. However, the highest percent of such activity was for holders a bove intermediate education as it reached 24.8% and 33% in Egypt and Palestine respectively. 8- The number of hours allocated for working within national accounts among those inside the labor force was higher by twice or more than individuals outside the labor force in both Egypt and Palestine. 9- The number of hours of work was higher among those who never married compared to those who ever married. That was also the same in Palestine excluding work in construction and work for households to provide income where the rates for those who ever married were higher than that of those who never married. 10- There were no significant differences between males and females in both Egypt and Palestine in sleeping activities. It showed some differences as it recorded 9 hours and 20 minutes in Egypt compared to 8 hours and 19 minutes in Palestine where 100% of people in both Egypt and Palestine practiced such activity. In addition, activities of personal and health/medical care from others take 55 minutes in both Egypt and Palestine.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الاختلافات في أنماط قضاء الوقت للمصريين في كلا من الحضر والريف. وتناولت الدراسة مقارنة بين الحضر والريف على مستوى إجمالي الأنشطة، والاختلافات في استخدام الوقت في الحضر والريف وفقاً للأنشطة المختلفة والتي تمثلت في: أنشطة العمل داخل نطاق الحسابات القومية، وأنشطة العمل المنزلي غير مدفوع الأجر، أنشطة التعليم والتعلم، وأنشطة وقت الفراغ، وأنشطة الرعاية والعناية الشخصية. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى قضاء الأفراد حوالي ٨ ساعات في الحضر مقابل حوالي ٧ ساعات في الريف في العمل بالقطاع المنظم، وبلغت نسبة من قاموا بهذا النشاط حوالي 14% من سكان الحضر مقابل 9% بالريف، وكانت نسبة الذكور ضعف نسبة الإناث في كلاً من الحضر والريف، كما تصل عدد ساعات العمل في أنشطة الإنتاج الأولي إلى ٥ ساعات ونصف الساعة في اليوم لساكني الريف مقابل ٤ ساعات ونصف في اليوم لساكني الحضر، بالإضافة إلى ارتفاع عدد ساعات العمل للأنشطة الموجهة للعمل في الإنتاج غير الأولي (صناعات تحويلية/ إنتاج سلع غير أولية تستخدم للاستهلاك النهائي داخل الأسرة) إلى ٨ ساعات ونصف الساعة في اليوم في الحضر مقابل ٥ ساعات و 51 دقيقة في الريف، كما يستغرق إنجاز العمل في توفير خدمات منزلية غير مدفوعة الأجر لصالح الأسرة المعيشية حوالي ٤ ساعات يوميا من سكان الحضر والريف.وكذلك يقضي سكان الحضر والريف حوالي ٣ ساعات يوميا في نشاط التآنس ومشاركة المجتمع المحلى، وتتقارب عدد الساعات الموجهة لنفس النشاط بين الذكور في الحضر والريف وكذلك الإناث. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2018

This study has attempted to investigate levels and trends of infant mortality as well as major cause of death for its two components neonatal and post-neonatal and also reflect the social, economic and demographic conditions of population. The cause of death is considered in the analysis to show the main cause of death. In addition to various sources of data used to examine level and trends of infant mortality which included vital statistics and Demographic and health survey (DHs 2005). The main Finding: 1- Infant mortality has fallen in the ten years period. They show a drop of 29 per 1000 in 1996 to 19 per 1000 in 2006. 2- The study showed that infant mortality levels are higher for boys than for girls in 2000,2003,2004,2006. 3- The main reason of Neonatal mortality due to pregnancy and delivery but respiratory infections was the main reasons of infant mortality. 4- There is no significant different between male and females by reasons of death. 5- The relationship between mortality and birth order exhibit the expected pattern of higher mortality for high order births. 6- The length of the previous birth interval is strongly associated with mortality levels mortality levels consistently higher at all ages among children born less than two years after a previous birth. 7- The effect of young maternal age at birth on mortality is evident children. 8- As expected mortality levels at all ages are inversely associated with the mother's educational level. Some policy implications: 9- Expansion of the role of the awareness programs towards increasing the utilization of the health services. 10- Great efforts should be done to infant diseases, and increase the health service to decreased infant mortality. 11- Increasing the number of health units to increase service accessibility to reduce the infant mortality rate. 12- Improving the socioeconomic conditions and expanding the health care in all governorates and give more attention to Upper Egypt.

The population Problem is the imbalance between the population, the natural resources, and economic growth, as well as its impact on the social, health and welfare aspects of a specific Society. Egypt's population problems in the 21 st century can not be handled the same way as handling the over population growth in the last century. Demographers should be aware of this and be prepared for new challenges and perspectives. There are three dimensions of Egypt's population Problem 1. High population growth rate per age categories of population. 2. Poor population characteristics (i-e. Social, economic, health, and education levels. 3. The imbalanced distribution among the available land (high population density). This Study aims to: 1- Study the population Situation in Egypt. 2- Study the efforts in population distribution; illiteracy and also the efforts in develop the economic and infrastructure characteristics. Recommendation: 1- Reducing the population growth rate. 2- Improving the geographical distribution of population. 3- Upgrading the population characteristics. 4- Reducing the demographic, social and economic gaps among population groups and different geographic area. 5- Expand social Security Coverage which helps to reduce the expected benefits of the children in the long run. 6- Improve the quality of life in Rural to reduce migration to the city.

1 - The Labor Force was increase from 19 million in 2000 to 26.6 million in 2010 for total Egypt . 2 - The Female participation percent still limited in labor force (22% Female, 78% male) in the year 2000 and (23% female, 77% male) in the year 2010'. 3- The unemployment rate was 9% in the year 2000, 2010 . 4- The unemployment increase in the age group (20-24 ) during the period study. 5 - There is a positive relation between Education level and unemployment vare . 6 - The high percent for workers was in Agriculture Sector 28% in the year 2010 the female workers percent in Agriculture Sector was 43% compare to 24% for male in 2010 . 7 - The highest percent among workers was for those who have Intermediate Education 31% and the lowest percent for those who have above intermediate and less then university it was 4% in the year 2010 . 8 - The percent for unemployment who are highly qualified was 41% in the year 2010 . 9 - The scientific occupation represents 41% among unemployment for ever work in the year 2010 . 10 - 20% of the unemployment was for those who have Commercial Secondary qualification in the year 2010 . 11 - The Intermediate Education represents the highest percent in the labor force 31% according to educational level in the year 2010 12- 44% percent of the unemployment according to education level was among Intermediate Education in the year 2010 . 13 - Industrial Secondary represents 37% among Secondary education graduated in the year 2010. 14 - The Theoretic Faculties graduations represent 82% while Science Faculties graduations represent 18% in the year 2010 .

The main finding: 1- The Labor Force was increase from 19 million in 2000 to 26.2 million in 2010 for total Egypt. 2- The Female participation percent still limited in labour force (22% Female, 78% male) in the year 2000 and (23% female, 77% male) in the year 2010. 3- The unemployment rate was 9% in the year 2000, 2010. 4- The unemployment increase in the age group (20-24) during the period study. 5- There is a positive relation between Education level and unemployment vare. 6- The high percent for workers was in Agriculture Sector 28% in the year 2010 the female workers percent in Agriculture Sector was 43% compare to 24% for male in 2010. 7- The highest percent among workers was for those who have Intermediate Education 31% and the lowest percent for those who have above intermediate and less then university it was 4% in the year 2010. 8- The percent for unemployment who are highly qualified was 40% in the year 2010. 9- The scientific occupation represents 41% among unemployment for ever work in the year 2010. 10- 20% percent of the unemployment was for those who have Commercial Secondary qualification in the year 2010. 11- The Intermediate Education represents the highest percent in the labor force 31% according to educational level in the year2010. 12- 44% percent of the unemployment according to education level was among Intermediate Education in the year 2010. 13- Industriel Secondary represents 37% among Secondary Education graduated in the year 2010. 14- The Theoretics Faculties graduations represent 82% while Science Faculties graduations represent 18% in the year 2010.

Female Genital Mutilation (female circumcision) has been an important subject for many people in Egypt. It has been practiced for centuries in Africa, a few in Asia, Europe and America. It has become an integral part of the cultures in these societies. Where female circumcision is prevalent in many cultures, it appears to be related to ensure chastity and honor of women and girls. This study represents trends, levels and differentials of female circumcision in Egypt The main source of data is Egypt Demographic and Health Survey in the years 1995, 2000,2003. Based on the results the main findings are: Female circumcision is commonly practiced by about 80%. Concerning type of circumcision, it was found t at it is from first and second degree. About 5% of them suffered from complications. The majority of female circumcision performed by doctors and dayas and it was at home. Female circumcision performed for girls before adult-hood in ages 4 7-12 years. There is no difference in the percentages of women who have circumcised their daughters between the data of demographic and health survey in the three years 1995, 2000, 2003. The percentage of women who intend to circumcise their daughters decrease in 2000 and 2003 compared to 1995. There is a strong relationship between place of residence and female circumcision. It is common in rural areas compared to urban areas. The data also shows that when educational level increases the percentages of female circumcision decrease. Regard the person who perform female circumcision there is a big difference according to characteristics of mothers. There is no big difference in the median age of female circumcision. 10. Participation of women in labor force decreases the percentages of female circumcision. TV is the main source of information about female circumcision.