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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal pathogens implicated in hospital-acquired infections. Active surveillance of patients with MRSA colonization at admission may reduce the spread of the MRSA through contact precautions.Purpose: This study applies active surveillance to the early detection of MRSA colonization and to the determination of the risk factors of MRSA colonization.Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a medical center in North Taiwan from March 2010 to August 2010. Participants were recruited from among patients admitted to an infection department who were under active surveillance for culture within the 24-hour period following admission. Nose and environment samplings were taken every Monday and Thursday until participants were transferred, discharged, or expired.Result: This study enrolled 239 patients, with 182 included in data analysis. Positive nasal cultures were found on 53.3% of admitted patients during the initial 24-hour pe

國小學童資訊尋求行為、語文及圖像認知能力，均與成人有極大差異。然而網路科技快速發展，針對數位時代兒童，亟需發展客製化資訊搜尋介面來協助兒童利用數位資料庫學習。本研究針對兒童在虛擬空間電腦遊戲時會將其在實體世界中操作物件之生活經驗融入之現象，連結兒童之空間尋路及資訊搜尋行為之概念，設計並驗證一個空間圖示資訊搜尋介面。該介面利用電腦科技塑造3D虛擬空間，並結合圖符(icon)與學習資料庫，將圖符安置於3D虛擬空間，讓兒童探索及並搜尋資訊。研究並針對兒童操作不同的空間圖示資訊搜尋介面，如平面模式超連結、立體俯瞰、立體路徑之使用效率、有效性、操作次數，以單因子變異數分析進行檢定。發現兒童在各種介面中表現不同行為，使用效率以平面模式超連結介面較佳，有效性以立體俯瞰介面較佳，此二者均能協助兒童綜觀知識領域全局，因而有利於兒童建立知識地圖以輔助搜尋資訊。研究建議資訊視覺化、概念關聯可導入兒童資訊搜尋介面設計未來研究，並考量閱趣性，以提升介面之使用動機。

背景：住院常導致高齡者發生身體功能衰退，其中行走功能是最先發生衰退的身體功能，且行走功能衰退會影響高齡者返家後日常生活活動的獨立性。目的：探討影響住院高齡者返家後行走功能恢復之因素。方法：採縱貫式研究設計，於南部某醫學中心召募出院時行走功能衰退並預定返家照護之65歲以上高齡者。出院時資料收集包含：基本特性、查爾森共病症指標、修正版凱茲日常生活量表之行走功能、迷你營養評估量表、簡易智能評估量表與住院期間是否下床活動。返家後三個月追蹤資料包括：修正版凱茲日常生活量表之行走功能、有無規律運動習慣，及有無接受復健及社會支持量表。結果：共收集78位高齡者，75.64%高齡者於返家後三個月有恢復行走功能。高齡者營養狀態、認知功能、返家後規律運動習慣與行走功能恢復呈顯著相關。多元羅吉斯迴歸分析結果發現，住院高齡者返家後有規律運動習慣者較無規律運動習慣者，其行走功能恢復勝算比為10.212（p = .004）。結論／實務應用：住院高齡者除急性問題治療外，應同時進行營養、認知與活動功能評估與照護。於出院護理計畫更應宣導返家後規律運動之重要性，以促進高齡者行走功能恢復，進而維護高齡者自主生活能力。

This paper attempts to clarify the current misconceptions of fl ipped learning. Instead of teaching video, the author remind teachers that learner-centered principle is the most important consideration to make effective fl ipped learning. Teachers need to consider multimedia design principles and technology-instruction integration when designing teaching video. However, Flipped classroom is not a totally unfamiliar mode of education, but a combination of a lot of educational theories, such as cooperative learning, learner-centered, blended learning, technology-instruction integration, multimedia instructional design, improving the learning environment, suffi cient implementation time, of course, need the support of school leaders, and so on