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A bstract The high-energy evolution of Wilson line operators, which at leading order is described by the Balitsky-JIMWLK equations, receives large radiative corrections en-hanced by single and double collinear logarithms at next-to-leading order and beyond. We propose a method for resumming such logarithmic corrections to all orders, at the level of the Langevin formulation of the JIMWLK equation. The ensuing, collinearly-improved Langevin equation features generalized Wilson line operators, which depend not only upon rapidity (the logarithm of the longitudinal momentum), but also upon the transverse size of the color neutral projectile to which the Wilson lines belong. This additional scale dependence is built up during the evolution, via the condition that the successive emissions of soft gluons be ordered in time. The presence of this transverse scale in the Langevin equation furthermore allows for the resummation of the one-loop running coupling corrections.

To investigate the origins of the warm absorbers in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we study the ionization-state structure of the radiation-driven fountain model in a low-mass AGN and calculate the predicted X-ray spectra utilizing the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. The spectra show many absorption and emission line features originating in the outflowing ionized gas. The O viii 0.654 keV lines are produced mainly in the polar region much closer to the supermassive black hole than the optical narrow-line regions. The absorption measure distribution of the ionization parameter (ξ) at a low inclination spreads over 4 orders of magnitude in ξ, indicating the multiphase ionization structure of the outflow, as actually observed in many type 1 AGNs. We compare our simulated spectra with the high energy resolution spectrum of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051. The model reproduces slowly outflowing (a few hundred kilometers per second) warm absorbers. However, the faster components with a few thousand kilometers per second observed in NGC 4051 are not reproduced. The simulation also underproduces the intensity and width of the O viii 0.654 keV line. These results suggest that the ionized gas launched from subparsec or smaller regions inside the torus, which is not included in the current fountain model, must be an important ingredient of the warm absorbers with a few thousand kilometers per second. The model also consistently explains the Chandra/HETG spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Circinus.

Object-related accidents among older adults often result from inadequately designed furniture and fixtures that do not accommodate age-related changes. However, technologies for quantitatively capturing how furniture and fixtures assist the body in daily life remain limited. This study addresses this gap by introducing a portable, non-disruptive system that measures and visualizes how humans interact with environmental objects, particularly during transitional movements such as standing, turning, or reaching. The system integrates wearable force sensors, motion capture gloves, RGB-D cameras, and LiDAR-based environmental scanning to generate spatial maps of body-applied forces, overlaid onto point cloud representations of actual living environments. Through home-based experiments involving 13 older adults aged 69–86 across nine households, the system effectively identified object-specific support interactions with specific furniture (e.g., doorframes, shelves) and enabled a three-dimensional comparative analysis across different spaces, including living rooms, entryways, and bedrooms. The visualization captured essential spatial features—such as contact height and positional context—without altering the existing environment. This study presents a novel methodology for evaluating life environments from a life-centric perspective and offers insights for the inclusive design of everyday objects and spaces to support safe and independent aging in place.

We conducted a self-potential survey at an active hydrothermal field, the Izena hole in the mid-Okinawa Trough, southern Japan. This field is known to contain Kuroko-type massive sulphide deposits. This survey measured the self-potential continuously in ambient seawater using a deep-tow array, which comprises an electrode array with a 30-m-long elastic rod and a stand-alone data acquisition unit. We observed negative self-potential signals not only above active hydrothermal vents and visible sulphide mounds but also above the flat seafloor without such structures. Some signals were detectable >50 m above the seafloor. Analysis of the acquired data revealed these signals’ source as below the seafloor, which suggests that the self-potential method can detect hydrothermal ore deposits effectively. The self-potential survey, an easily performed method for initial surveys, can identify individual sulphide deposits from a vast hydrothermal area.

Water is the only available fossil-free source of hydrogen. Splitting water electrochemically is among the most used techniques, however, it accounts for only 4% of global hydrogen production. One of the reasons is the high cost and low performance of catalysts promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we report a highly efficient catalyst in acid, that is, solid-solution Ru‒Ir nanosized-coral (RuIr-NC) consisting of 3 nm-thick sheets with only 6 at.% Ir. Among OER catalysts, RuIr-NC shows the highest intrinsic activity and stability. A home-made overall water splitting cell using RuIr-NC as both electrodes can reach 10 mA cm −2 geo at 1.485 V for 120 h without noticeable degradation, which outperforms known cells. Operando spectroscopy and atomic-resolution electron microscopy indicate that the high-performance results from the ability of the preferentially exposed {0001} facets to resist the formation of dissolvable metal oxides and to transform ephemeral Ru into a long-lived catalyst. Ru is one of the most active metals for oxygen evolution reaction, but it quickly dissolves in acidic electrolyte particularly in nanosized form. Here, the authors show that coral-like solid-solution Ru‒Ir consisting of 3 nm-thick sheets with only 6 at% Ir is a long-lived catalyst with high activity.

Starspots and stellar flares are indicators of stellar magnetic activity. The magnetic energy stored around spots is thought to be the origin of flares, but the connection is not completely understood. To investigate the relation between spot locations deduced from light curves and the occurrence of flares therein, we perform starspot modeling for the TESS light curves of three M-dwarf flare stars, AU Mic, YZ CMi, and EV Lac, using the code implemented in Paper I. The code enables us to deduce multiple stellar/spot parameters by the adaptive parallel tempering algorithm efficiently. We find that flare occurrence frequency is not necessarily correlated with the rotation phases of the light curve for each star. The result of starspot modeling shows that any spot is always visible to the line of sight in all phases, and we suggest that this can be one of the reasons why there is no or low correlation between rotation phases and flare frequency. In addition, the amplitude and shape of the light curve for AU Mic and YZ CMi have varied in two years between different TESS cycles. The result of starspot modeling suggests that this can be explained by the variations of spot size and latitude.

The decomposition of the nucleon spin into that of quarks and gluons is related to twist-two GPDs according to Ji sum rule. Further decomposition into the helicity and the orbital angular momentum inevitably requires twist-three GPDs. In this paper we derive exact relations between twist-three GPDs and the canonical orbital angular momentum density of quarks and gluons, and check their consistency with the longitudinal spin sum rule. Our work demonstrates that the complete decomposition of the nucleon spin fits well with the framework of perturbative QCD.

The increasing geriatric population across the world has necessitated the early detection of frailty through the analysis of daily-life behavioral patterns. This paper presents a system for ambient, automatic, and the continuous measurement and analysis of ascent and descent motions and long-term handrail-use behaviors of participants in their homes using an RGB-D camera. The system automatically stores information regarding the environment and three-dimensional skeletal coordinates of the participant only when they appear within the camera’s angle of view. Daily stair ascent and descent motions were measured in two houses: one house with two participants in their 20s and two in their 50s, and another with two participants in their 70s. The recorded behaviors were analyzed in terms of the stair ascent/descent speed, handrail grasping points, and frequency determined using the decision tree algorithm. The participants in their 70s exhibited a decreased stair ascent/descent speed compared to other participants; those in their 50s and 70s exhibited increased handrail usage area and frequency. The outcomes of the study indicate the system’s ability to accurately detect a decline in physical function through the continuous measurement of daily stair ascent and descent motions.

Abstract This paper introduces a new approach to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly $a_{\\mu} = (g-2)/2$ and the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) $d_{\\mu}$ at the J-PARC muon facility. The goal of our experiment is to measure $a_{\\mu}$ and $d_{\\mu}$ using an independent method with a factor of 10 lower muon momentum, and a factor of 20 smaller diameter storage-ring solenoid compared with previous and ongoing muon $g-2$ experiments with unprecedented quality of the storage magnetic field. Additional significant differences from the present experimental method include a factor of 1000 smaller transverse emittance of the muon beam (reaccelerated thermal muon beam), its efficient vertical injection into the solenoid, and tracking each decay positron from muon decay to obtain its momentum vector. The precision goal for $a_{\\mu}$ is a statistical uncertainty of 450 parts per billion (ppb), similar to the present experimental uncertainty, and a systematic uncertainty less than 70 ppb. The goal for EDM is a sensitivity of $1.5\\times 10^{-21}~e\\cdot\\mbox{cm}$.

As the world’s population ages, technology-based support for the elderly is becoming increasingly important. This study analyzes the relationship between natural standing behavior measured in a living space of elderly people and the classes of standing aids, as well as the physical and cognitive abilities contributing to household fall injury prevention. In total, 24 elderly standing behaviors from chairs, sofas, and nursing beds recorded in an RGB-D elderly behavior library were analyzed. The differences in standing behavior were analyzed by focusing on intrinsic and common standing aid characteristics among various seat types, including armrests of chairs or sofas and nursing bed handrails. The standing behaviors were categorized into two types: behaviors while leaning the trunk forward without using an armrest as a standing aid and those without leaning the trunk forward by using an arrest or handrail as a standing aid. The standing behavior clusters were distributed in a two-dimensional map based on the seat type rather than the physical or cognitive abilities. Therefore, to reduce the risk of falling, it would be necessary to implement a seat type that the elderly can unconsciously and naturally use as a standing aid even with impaired physical and cognitive abilities.