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Social bees harbor a simple and specialized microbiota that is spatially organized into different gut compartments. Recent results on the potential involvement of bee gut communities in pathogen protection and nutritional function have drawn attention to the impact of the microbiota on bee health. However, the contributions of gut microbiota to host physiology have yet to be investigated. Here we show that the gut microbiota promotes weight gain of both whole body and the gut in individual honey bees. This effect is likely mediated by changes in host vitellogenin, insulin signaling, and gustatory response. We found that microbial metabolism markedly reduces gut pH and redox potential through the production of shortchain fatty acids and that the bacteria adjacent to the gut wall form an oxygen gradient within the intestine. The short-chain fatty acid profile contributed by dominant gut species was confirmed in vitro. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses revealed that the gut community has striking impacts on the metabolic profiles of the gut compartments and the hemolymph, suggesting that gut bacteria degrade plant polymers from pollen and that the resulting metabolites contribute to host nutrition. Our results demonstrate how microbial metabolism affects bee growth, hormonal signaling, behavior, and gut physicochemical conditions. These findings indicate that the bee gut microbiota has basic roles similar to those found in some other animals and thus provides a model in studies of host–microbe interactions.

原发性肝癌是消化道常见恶性肿瘤之一，慢性肝炎的“炎癌转化”是慢性肝炎向肝癌演进的核心病理过程。慢性肝炎患者因长期存在非可控性炎症反应，导致肝组织反复损伤与修复，逐步发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化，最终通过基因突变及微环境失衡等机制完成恶性转化。慢性肝炎“炎癌转化”是连接慢性肝炎与肝癌的关键环节，其动态演变涉及湿、热、虚、毒、瘀等多种病机因素。其中，湿热与正虚为慢性肝炎“炎癌转化”的始动因素，而瘀毒互结则是推动恶性转化的核心病理产物。中医药基于“治未病”理念，通过多靶点调控炎症、代谢及细胞异常增殖等机制，有效延缓甚至阻断慢性肝炎“炎癌转化”进程，为肝癌防治提供重要策略与研究方向。

In order to carry out decolorization, sludge protein solution, a dark brown close to black solution from activated sludge, was subjected to ~（60）Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. UV/Vis spectrophotometric method was used to investigate the effect of H2O2 on the coloration apparent kinetics and rate constants of sludge protein solution under γ-ray irradiation. In addition, the effects of irradiation dose, initial sludge protein solution concentration, and pH value on the decolorization efficiency of sludge protein solution were studied. Results showed that the decolorization apparent kinetics of sludge protein solution was a first-order reaction. The solution decolorization percentage increased with the increase of irradiation dose or the decrease of initial sludge protein solution concentration. The examination results of pH value showed that the sludge protein solution could be more efficiently decolorized in alkaline media than in acid media. Moreover, sensory evaluation and foamability analysis indicated that irradiated samples under H2O2 oxidation showed better sensory score and foamability.

TB183%X826%X52; 水生态承载力研究可作为从水生态角度预判可持续发展中产生问题的有效手段,但水生态承载力因其指标概念不统一,且需多领域交叉,传统量化过程繁琐复杂.本研究通过构建水资源、水环境、水生态和水安全的指标体系,结合人工神经网络的结构和特点,构建水生态承载力的量化评价模型,可为水生态承载力计算提供一种科学方法,并以典型生态缺水型城市河北沧州市为例进行了验证.本研究通过对沧州市2015-2019年数据进行计算,得到逐年水生态承载力指数分别为0.26、0.23、0.23、0.24、0.22,反映出其生态承载力整体处于及格水平,可能威胁到生态环境绿色健康可持续发展.可见,指标体系和神经网络模型结合,具有结构简单、抗干扰能力强、结果更直观等优点,使区域承载状态更直观有效地呈现出来,为该区域的水生态问题解决和未来发展方向的指定提供帮助.

子午工程二期漠河（122°E, 53°N）大气风温金属成分激光雷达利用高空大气金属层共振荧光散射机制探测80～120 km区域的金属层成分，并将这些金属成分作为示踪物去研究中高层大气的各种复杂的化学和动力学过程. 子午工程二期漠河钙原子激光雷达采用的时间分辨率为1.1 min，空间分辨率为30 m. 在这种高时空分辨率下，仍然得到了高信噪比信号. 通过对2023年1月钙原子数密度随时间和高度的演化过程进行分析，发现背景层钙原子峰值密度达到了33.55 cm−3左右，并且其突发层钙原子峰值密度可以达到约53.64 cm−3；在与延庆（116.0°E, 40.5°N）钙原子数密度的比较研究中，我们发现延庆的钙原子数密度小于漠河的钙原子数密度；在与国外台站钙原子观测的比较研究中，我们发现漠河钙原子数密度和德国Kuhlungsborn（54°N, 12°E）台站的钙原子数密度接近，比法国的Observatoire de Haute Provence（44°N, 6°E）台站的钙原子数密度大. 在2023年1月12日至14日，我们观测到了钙流星尾迹，并且流星尾迹往往出现在金属层峰值的附近.

This article was written to describe the authors’ interprofessional collaboration experience with regard to the clinical translation of evidence-based healthcare. Building upon the spirit of evidence-based medicine invoked at the founding of the Cochrane Centre at Oxford University under the United Kingdom’s National Health Service in 1992, our institution recognizes nursing as the core driving force supporting the translation of evidence-based healthcare in clinical settings. Using interdisciplinary collaboration mechanisms, systematic education and training, and knowledge translation strategies, the best research evidence is integrated into clinical decision-making and improving care quality, thus deepening the application of evidence-based clinical healthcare. In clinical care, nursing teams have led multiple evidence-based initiatives targeting patient safety and care quality improvement. Issues addressed have included fall prevention, infection control, nasogastric tube dislodgement prevention, hypotherm

The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) mechanism is extensively used worldwide to promote diverse building projects. Success in the BOT projects mainly depends on choosing a right project to propose. However, it is very difficult to identify a preliminary feasible one at the up-front project development process due to the uncertainties involved. When choosing a probable project to propose, the developers in most cases rely on their experience, intuition, or gut feelings. It is expected that they will improve the chances of deciding a viable project to propose if the methodical formalism is provided that guides to systematically recognize the risk factors inherent in the project environment, their impact on project feasibility, and strategic alternatives to enhance them. The main objective of this research is to develop a go/no-go decision model as the formalism. Based on the review of diverse decision-making theories, the Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis Method (MADAM) is identified as a suitable theoretical methodology to developing the formalism. Fourteen BOT experts are invited to put their experience in the model development. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the computational procedures of the model developed. KCI Citation Count: 1

Objectives ： The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences with respect to the internalization or externalization of symptoms according to the amount of time spent engaged in extracurricular education. Methods ： The study included a community sample of 755 boys and girls (mean age, 6.6 years), collected from five elementary schools in Gunpo, South Korea. Primary caregivers completed a questionnaire which included information on demographics, the amounts of time children spent in extracurricular education and with other activities, and an adapted form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). Gender differences regarding externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were examined according to extracurricular education. Results ： With respect to the boys, there was a difference in the frequency of those who had externalizing behavior problems according to their time spent in extracurricular education. In contrast, the girls exhibited no difference. With respect to those children who spent a lot of time engaged in extracurricular education, there was a gender-specific difference only with respect to externalizing behavior problems. Conclusion ： A gender-specific difference exists only in terms of externalizing behavior problems according to time spent engaged in extracurricular education.

Nowadays, reliability-based methods have been widely used for the safety and capacity rating of deteriorated and/or damaged bridges. This paper is intended to suggest practical reliability-based assessment models and methods for the safety assessment and capacity rating of various kinds of actual existing bridges. And the application of recently developed a new approach, called equivalent system-strength, for reliability-based capacity rating is illustrated using the data obtained from actual bridges. This paper also summarizes various approaches to reliability-based safety assessment and capacity rating, and investigates their application to various existing aged bridges. It will be systematically shown that the proposed bridge reliability models and methods could be effectively used in practice for the safety assessment and capacity rating of existing old bridges in conjunction with static and dynamic field load tests, nondestructive tests, and visual inspections. KCI Citation Count: 2