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Previous studies conducted by our team have demonstrated that CYP2E1 expression is downregulated during Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced immune liver injury (hepatitis). However, the dynamic changes in CYP2E1 metabolic activity during the acute, chronic, and recovery phases of hepatitis remain unclear. This study developed a non-invasive approach using a breath alcohol analyzer to assess CYP2E1 metabolic activity through alcohol metabolism and examined sex-based differences in alcohol metabolism in rats. Using a BCG-induced male rat hepatitis model, we investigated the dynamic changes in CYP2E1 metabolic activity at different stages of hepatitis and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that the breath alcohol analysis method exhibited high precision, linearity, and reproducibility in assessing CYP2E1 metabolic activity. CYP2E1 metabolic activity and protein expression displayed an induction trend with increased alcohol intake (P < 0.05). Female rats exhibited significantly higher CYP2E1 metabolic activity compared to males (P < 0.05), indicating significant sexual dimorphism. On day 6 post-BCG stimulation, CYP2E1 metabolic activity was most severely impaired (P < 0.05). Notably, alterations in metabolic activity were detected earlier and were more pronounced than changes in protein expression. Similar dynamic changes were observed in the hepatic NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the MAPK oxidative stress pathway. In conclusion, the breath alcohol analysis method is an effective tool for assessing CYP2E1 metabolic activity in rats. CYP2E1 can be significantly induced following a single high dose of alcohol, with female rates exhibiting greater metabolic activity compared to males. CYP2E1 metabolic activity showed the most notable impairment on day 6 post-BCG, with gradual recovery observed at days 10 and 14, and parallel changes observed in inflammatory and MAPK pathways. The recovery of CYP2E1 protein expression occurred after 14 days, which was later than that of the metabolic activity.

Ethanol metabolism in vivo is primarily mediated by CYP2E1 and alcohol dehydrogenase, with CYP2E1 playing the predominant role at high ethanol concentrations. However, it is a difficult problem to evaluate CYP2E1 activity with ethanol as a probe, especially in rats. Currently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based detection of chlorzoxazone is the standard method for evaluating CYP2E1 activity. Nevertheless, this method is labor-intensive, time-consuming, costly, and unsuitable for real-time on-site or multipoint noninvasive monitoring. This study aimed to develop and optimize a noninvasive and rapid method for blood alcohol concentration BAC detection in rats. The optimized approach was subsequently applied to preliminarily assess hepatic CYP2E1 activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the immune-mediated liver injury (hepatitis) group and the control group. Hepatitis rats was induced by tail vein injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide, whereas the control rats received an equivalent volume of normal saline. On day 14 of the experiment, following intragastric administration of 56% (v/v) alcohol (5 mL·kg ⁻ ¹), BAC in both groups was measured using a breath alcohol meter. The BAC-time curve was segmented at 46 mg·dL ⁻ ¹: the upper portion was used to assess CYP2E1 activity, while the lower portion reflected alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Liver tissues were collected from rats and observed for histopathological changes using hematoxylin and eosin staining. To validate the accuracy of breath alcoholmeter, headspace gas chromatography was employed. Additionally, HPLC was used to determine plasma chlorzoxazone metabolism, serving as an independent measure of CYP2E1 activity. Based on these findings, we further investigated the potential of ethanol as a probe substrate for assessing the activity of CYP2E1. The pathological findings demonstrated that BCG successfully induced immune liver injury in rats. Comparative analysis using both breath alcohol meter and gas chromatography revealed significantly reduced alcohol metabolism in the immune-mediated liver injury rats relative to the control. The gas chromatographic measurements of BAC confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the breath alcohol detection method. Furthermore, HPLC analysis demonstrated a marked reduction in CYP2E1 activity in the liver injury rats compared to control. The breath alcohol detection method offers a simple, non-invasive approach that can serve as a viable alternative for assessing hepatic CYP2E1 metabolic activity.

In recent decades, frequent compound dry and hot events have posed a great threat to humans and the ecological environment, especially in Inner Mongolia, which has arid and semi-arid characteristics. In this study, monthly temperature and precipitation data from 115 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2020 were used to establish a standardized dry and hot index (SDHI). Theil–Sen median trend analysis, Mann–Kendall test, partial correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression models were used to characterize the changes in compound dry and hot events and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2020, and the relationship between the SDHI and NDVI was quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the overall SDHI values in Inner Mongolia showed a significant decrease at a rate of 0.03/year from 1982 to 2020, indicating an increase in the severity of compound dry and hot events. NDVI values showed a significant increasing trend and NDVI showed mutated 2001. Among the grassland vegetation types, SDHI and NDVI trends were more significant in forests, and meadow steppe, desert steppe, and desert were more susceptible to compound dry and hot events, and forests had the greatest severity of compound dry and hot events. The results of the partial correlation analysis showed that the average value of the partial correlation coefficient between the SDHI and NDVI was 0.68, and the area of positive correlation was 84.13%. Spatially, it showed strong response characteristics in the middle and gradual weakening towards the east and west sides. The correlation between NDVI and climatic conditions varied greatly in different vegetation areas. The forest area is most sensitive to the influence of temperature, and the desert steppe area is most affected by compound dry and hot events. The overall vegetation growth in Inner Mongolia was most affected by temperature conditions, followed by compound dry and hot conditions, and the influence of drought conditions was the least significant. The results of the relative importance analysis confirmed this. The research results provide a more detailed understanding of compound dry and hot events in arid and semi-arid regions and useful insights and support for ecological protection.

Objectives To investigate the diagnostic performance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) for detecting COVID-19. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus database until September 21, 2021. Statistical analysis included data pooling, forest plot construction, heterogeneity testing, meta-regression, and subgroup analyses. Results We included 24 studies with 8382 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of CO-RADS ≥ 3 for detecting COVID-19 were 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.93), 0.68 (95% CI 0.60–0.75), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.90), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity and AUC of CO-RADS ≥ 4 were 0.83 (95% CI 0.79–0.87), 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.88), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87–0.92), respectively. Cochran’s Q test ( p < 0.01) and Higgins I 2 heterogeneity index revealed considerable heterogeneity. Studies with both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients had higher specificity than those with only symptomatic patients using CO-RADS ≥ 3 and CO-RADS ≥ 4. Using CO-RADS ≥ 4, studies with participants aged < 60 years had higher sensitivity (0.88 vs. 0.80, p = 0.02) and lower specificity (0.77 vs. 0.87, p = 0.01) than studies with participants aged > 60 years. Conclusions CO-RADS has favorable performance in detecting COVID-19. CO-RADS ≥ 3/4 might be applied as cutoff values given their high sensitivity and specificity. However, there is a need for more well-designed studies on CO-RADS. Key Points • CO-RADS shows a favorable performance in detecting COVID-19. • CO-RADS ≥ 3 had a high sensitivity 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.93), and it may prove advantageous in screening the potentially infected people to prevent the spread of COVID-19. • CO-RADS ≥ 4 had high specificity 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.88) and may be more suitable for definite diagnosis of COVID-19.

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic microbe that causes gray mold disease in a broad range of hosts. In the present study, we conducted molecular microbiology and transcriptomic analyses of the host– B. cinerea interaction to investigate the plant defense response and fungal pathogenicity. Upon B. cinerea infection, plant defense responses changed from activation to repression; thus, the expression of many defense genes decreased in Arabidopsis thaliana . B. cinerea Zn(II) 2 Cys 6 transcription factor BcSpd1 was involved in the suppression of plant defense as Δ BcSpd1 altered wild-type B05.10 virulence by recovering part of the defense responses at the early infection stage. BcSpd1 affected genes involved in the fungal sclerotium development, infection cushion formation, biosynthesis of melanin, and change in environmental pH values, which were reported to influence fungal virulence. Specifically, BcSpd1 bound to the promoter of the gene encoding quercetin dioxygenase ( BcQdo ) and positively affected the gene expression, which was involved in catalyzing antifungal flavonoid degradation. This study indicates BcSpd1 plays a key role in the necrotrophic microbe B. cinerea virulence toward plants by regulating pathogenicity-related compounds and thereby suppressing early plant defense.

The association between aspirin use and depression risk remains controversial. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from the 2011 to 2018, a cross-sectional study was designed. Depression was estimated using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between aspirin use and depression, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. To explore potential heterogeneity, we stratified the analysis by depression severity and aspirin dose categories. A total of 4,887 participants with a mean age of 65.5 years were included. Of the participants, 1,421 (29%) were identified to be with depression. Aspirin use was inversely associated with the depression ( = 0.69; 95% : 0.55, 0.86; 0.01). For depression of different severity, aspirin use was inversely significantly associated with \"Mild depression\" ( = 0.65; 95% : 0.51, 0.83; 0.001) while not significant associated with \"Moderate and severe depression\". Aspirin use was inversely associated with depression, particularly mild depression, and the association differed by depression severity and aspirin dose. The clinical benefits and risks of aspirin should be carefully considered.

Shensong Yangxin (SSYX), a standardized Chinese preparation, is widely utilized in arrhythmia treatment. This research sought to assess the clinical advantages of SSYX for persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF). We searched seven databases and two registries to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing SSYX as an adjunctive treatment for PsAF. We assessed methodological quality with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0, and conducted meta-analyses with RevMan 5.4. The meta-analysis incorporated ten RCTs enrolling 1,713 patients with PsAF. SSYX combined with conventional treatments (CTs) significantly lowered the recurrence of AF compared to CTs alone (risk ratio [ ] = 0.65, 95% conffdence interval [ ] 0.56 to 0.75, < 0.001). The results also showed that SSYX contributed to the reduction of left atrial diameter ( = -1.41, 95% -2.48 to -0.34, < 0.001) and P-wave dispersion ( = -10.37, 95% -17.23 to -3.5, = 0.003). Safety analysis revealed that the combination of SSYX and CTs decreased adverse reaction incidence ( = 0.54, 95% 0.32 to 0.90, = 0.02). The certainty of evidence was graded as moderate to low. SSYX showed potential in preventing AF recurrence in PsAF patients. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings require validation through more rigorously designed trials, given methodological limitations impacting evidence certainty. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251008974, identifier CRD420251008974.

This paper studies the text classification based on deep learning. Aiming at the problem of over fitting and training time consuming of CNN text classification model, a SDCNN model is constructed based on sparse dropout convolutional neural network. Experimental results show that, compared with CNN, SDCNN further improves the classification performance of the model, and its classification accuracy and precision can reach 98.96% and 85.61%, respectively, indicating that SDCNN has more advantages in text classification problems.

This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture (MMWA) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and examined its mechanistic involvement in the gut microbiota-metabolite-barrier axis, representing a novel multi-omics investigation of this traditional therapy. Control, CUMS, and MMWA rats (n = 9/group) were assessed using sucrose preference, open-field activity, and Morris water maze tasks. Gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and intestinal barrier markers were measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. MMWA improved CUMS-induced deficits, increasing sucrose preference (p < 0.01), enhancing locomotor activity (p < 0.01), and reducing escape latency (p < 0.05). Treatment restored microbial diversity and increased beneficial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera, including Lactobacillus and Prevotella (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis showed recovery of key neuroactive metabolites such as taurine and arginine (adjusted p < 0.05). MMWA also enhanced intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating Occludin, TJP1/ZO-1, and Claudin-4 (p < 0.001). Associations across microbiota-metabolite pathways reflected coordinated restoration. MMWA alleviates depressive-like behaviors by reshaping gut microbiota, normalizing metabolic profiles, and strengthening the intestinal barrier. These findings support its potential as a complementary approach for depressive-like conditions and highlight a mechanistic link involving the microbiota-metabolite-barrier axis.

Capsaicin (CAP) and Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) are two types of plant extracts that can change rumen fermentation. This study was conducted to investigate whether supplementation of beef cattle diets with CAP and YSE for 90 days would affect rumen fermentation and microflora. Forty-five healthy Angus steers (initial body weight = 510.54 ± 41.27 kg) were divided into three groups: control (CON), CAP, and YSE. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations were significantly higher in the YSE group than in the CON group and significantly lower in the CAP group than in the CON group. At the phylum level, YSE increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Patescibacteria and reduced that of Bacillota. At the genus level, CAP and YSE both increased the relative abundances of genera subordinate to Bacteroidota and decreased the relative abundances of genera subordinate to Bacillota. Our study shows that YSE and CAP have different effects on rumen fermentation and microflora after long-term supplementation.