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Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, describes a range of foot abnormalities usually present at birth (congenital) in which a baby’s foot is twisted out of shape or position. In clubfoot, tendons are shorter than usual. Clubfoot is a fairly common birth defect and is usually an isolated problem for an otherwise healthy newborn.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the experiences of pediatric tertiary centers in Abha, Saudi Arabia, regarding the management, frequency, treatment options, and outcomes of CTEV.Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with clubfoot was conducted to evaluate the number of cases, treatment options, and outcomes at Abha Maternity and Children Hospital and Khamis Mushait Maternity and Children Hospital. Data were extracted independently using prestructured data extraction forms. The collected data included demographic and medical information, family history, clinico-epidemiological information, risk factors, management options, and complications of clubfoot.Results: The study included 89 children with CTEV from the target hospitals. Their ages ranged from 20 days to six years, with a mean age of 10.5 ± 14.5 months. Of these, 57 (64%) were male. CTEV was unilateral in 53 (59.5%) cases and bilateral in 36 (40.5%) cases. The majority of the cases had isolated CTEV. Nearly all cases had Ponseti casting with a tendo-Achilles tenotomy (TAT) surgical procedure. Patient follow-up ranged from one week to three years, with an average follow-up of 3.1 months. Only three (3.4%) cases experienced recurrence of deformity after management.Conclusion: Ponseti casting with the tendo-Achilles tenotomy approach emerged as the most commonly employed management option, demonstrating a low rate of recurrence.

Tinnitus may directly or indirectly influence professional, personal, and leisure activities and disrupt family and social relationships in severe cases. This study aimed to explore the impact of tinnitus on the quality of life (QoL) and psychological well-being among Saudi Arabian adults. This study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from adults experiencing tinnitus. Data collection took place between September 5, 2023 and October 7, 2023 at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The study involved adults aged 18 to 65 with tinnitus. Participants were recruited from audiology clinics. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to recruit the study participants. The severity of tinnitus handicap was assessed using the 25-item Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire. THI consists of 25 items divided into functional, emotional, and catastrophic subscales. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater tinnitus-related handicap. THI scores are categorized into 0-16, 18-36, 38-56, 58-76, and 78-100.  A total of 163 participants were included in this study. The largest age group category was 18-29 years, comprising 57.05% (n = 93) of the sample. The study included a slightly higher percentage of female participants (65.03%, n = 106). More than three-fifths (61.96% ) of the participants were from the Western Region (n = 101), 91.40% (n = 149) were Saudi nationals, 55.21% (n = 90) were single, 67.5% (n = 110) had university education, 46.0% (n = 75) had income less than 500 SAR, 44.78% (n =73) was employed, and 74.23% (n = 121) did not smoke. Tinnitus hurts emotions and QoL. The largest proportion of the studied patients with tinnitus faced catastrophic handicaps (24.5%, n = 40), and nearly equal proportions experienced mild and moderate handicaps (23.3%, n = 38 and 23.9%, n =39, respectively). Severe handicap was reported in 15.3% (n = 25), while a slight effect was reported in (12.9%, n = 21). Tinnitus affected their hearing (36.81%, n = 60); interfered with daily life (33.74%, n = 55), social activities (30.06%, n = 49), social relationships (29.45%, n = 48), and concentration (37.42%, n = 61); caused fatigue (38.04%, n = 62) and sleep disturbances (36.81%, n = 60); and prevented them from enjoying life (25.77%, n = 42). Tinnitus caused anger (47.85%, n = 78), confusion (42.94%, n = 70), anxiety (43.56%, n = 71), feeling unsafe (33.74%, n = 55), desperation (36.81%, n = 60), frustration (30.06%, n = 49), being upset (38.04%, n = 62), experiencing depression (30.67%), and challenges in coping with stress (31.29%). There was a significant association between the THI score and region of residence (p = 0.02), income (p = 0.041), occupation (p = 0.013), and smoking (p = 0.014). Our research underscored the profound impact of tinnitus on the QoL among adults in Saudi Arabia. A significant portion of the studied patients faced catastrophic handicaps, emphasizing the severity of the condition. These findings underscore the multifaceted and far-reaching consequences of tinnitus, highlighting the need for comprehensive support and management strategies tailored to the unique sociodemographic factors influencing individuals' experiences.

Background: Ocular malignancies are uncommon among eye diseases; however, they jeopardize both vision and life. The main objective of this study was to use to describe the epidemiology of eye and ocular adnexa malignancies across different ages and sex. Methods: The King Khaled University institutional review board approved this study. Data on ocular cancer were retrieved from the Saudi Cancer Registry between 1994 and 2018. The registry collected important patient information such as demographic information (age, gender, and nationality), clinical details, and tumor classification. Results: The total number of cases with ocular cancer diagnosed was 1051 cases. The highest number was recorded in Riyadh (35.39%, n=372), followed by Makkah (16.93%, n=178). The incidence was higher in the 0-4 years' age group (55.21%), and it got down as people got older. The data also revealed differences in the number of reported cases over time, as well as in the representation of eye cancer cases by gender and nationality. While many ocular cancer pathologies were seen, with \"Retinoblastoma, not otherwise specified\" being the most common (53.32%), the incidence rates for males and females remained largely stable over time. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for continued monitoring, research, and analysis of potential of epidemiology of ocular cancer occurrence in Saudi Arabia. Identifying the geographical distribution and age pattern of Ocular malignancies have the potential to assist healthcare authorities and policymakers in developing precise strategies to reduce, recognize at an early stage, and successfully manage this condition. Keywords: ocular neoplasms, clinicopathologic characteristics, incidence rates, targeted strategies, retinoblastoma, Saudi Arabia

Background Female breast cancer stands as the prime type of cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with a high incidence and mortality rates. This study assessed the burden of female breast cancer in KSA by analyzing and forecasting its incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Methods We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) about female breast cancer from 1990 to 2021. Time-series analysis used the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast female breast cancer statistics from 2022 to 2026. Results From 1990 to 2021, KSA reported 77,513 cases of female breast cancer. The age groups with the highest number of cases are 45–49 years, followed by 40–44 years, 50–54 years, and 35–39 years. The analysis also showed fewer cases in the younger age groups, with the lowest number in the less than 20-year-old age group. From 1990 to 2021, KSA reported 19,440 deaths due to breast cancer, increasing from 201 cases in 1990 to 1,190 cases in 2021. The age-standardized incidence rate/100,000 of breast cancer increased from 15.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2–21.0) in 1990 to 46.0 (95%CI 34.5–61.5) in 2021. The forecasted incidence rate of female breast cancer will be 46.5 (95%CI 45.8–46.5) in 2022 and 49.6 (95%CI 46.8–52.3) in 2026. The age-standardized death rate per 100,000 Saudi women with breast cancer increased from 6.73 (95%CI 6.73–9.03) in 1990 to 9.77 (95%CI 7.63–13.00) in 2021. The forecasted female breast cancer death rate will slightly decrease to 9.67 (95%CI 9.49–9.84) in 2022 and to 9.26 (95%CI 8.37–10.15) in 2026. DALYs increased from 229.2 (95%CI 165.7–313.6) in 1990 to 346.1 (95%CI 253.9–467.2) in 2021. The forecasted DALYs of female breast cancer will slightly decrease to 343.3 (95%CI 337.2–349.5) in 2022 reaching 332.1 (95%CI 301.2–363.1) in 2026. Conclusions Female breast cancer is still a significant public health burden that challenges the health system in KSA, current policies and interventions should be fashioned to alleviate the disease morbidity and mortality and mitigate its future burden.