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This conference was convened on 13-14 September 1996 in Istanbul under the auspices of the Center for International Studies and the Department of Political Science of Bogazici University, and was co-sponsored by 5 organizations. The conference concluded that the phase of recruitment for additional manpower in form of migratory waves to industrialized countries can be considered as closed. In the future, migration will take place in the form of refugee movements and illegal migration, both issues deserving special attention as they become more and more an element of international relations.

The end of the Cold War has been marked by the re-emergence of nationalism. This article is focused on Turkey and Turkish emigration abroad. It examines integration of second generation immigrants in Western Europe and various forces fostering Islamic identity. It then compares political discourse on immigration in France and Germany. It concludes that the resurgence of ethnic identity as the basis for effective political action in widely divergent societies is a key feature of the post-Cold War period. Immigrants have been actively involved in this general process as witnessed by the role of immigrants in recent conflict in Yugoslavia and Turkey.

THE END OF THE COLD WAR HAS BEEN MARKED BY THE RE-EMERGENCE OF NATIONALISM. THIS ARTICLE IS FOCUSED ON TURKEY AND TURKISH EMIGRATION ABROAD. IT EXAMINES INTEGRATION OF SECOND GENERATION IMMIGRANTS IN WESTERN EUROPE AND VARIOUS FORCES FOSTERING ISLAMIC IDENTITY. IT THEN COMPARES POLITICAL DISCOURSE ON IMMIGRATION IN FRANCE AND GERMANY. IT CONCLUDES THAT THE RESURGENCE OF ETHNIC IDENTITY AS THE BASIS FOR EFFECTIVE POLITICAL ACTION IN WIDELY DIVERGENT SOCIETIES IS A KEY FEATURE OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD. IMMIGRANTS HAVE BEEN ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN THIS GENERAL PROCESS AS WITNESSED BY THE ROLE OF IMMIGRANTS IN RECENT CONFLICT IN YUGOSLAVIA AND TURKEY.

The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Development provides an interdisciplinary, agenda-setting survey of the fields of migration and development, bringing together over 60 expert contributors from around the world to chart current and future trends in research on this topic. The links between migration and development can be traced back to the post-war period, if not further, yet it is only in the last 20 years that the 'migration-development nexus' has risen to prominence for academics and policymakers. Starting by mapping the different theoretical approaches to migration and development, this book goes on to present cutting edge research in poverty and inequality, displacement, climate change, health, family, social policy, interventions, and the key challenges surrounding migration and development. While much of the migration literature continues to be dominated by US and British perspectives, this volume includes original contributions from most regions of the world to offer alternative non-Anglophone perspectives. Given the increasing importance of migration in both international development and current affairs, the Routledge Handbook of Migration and Development will be of interest both to policymakers and to students and researchers of geography, development studies, political science, sociology, demography, and development economics.

The author deals with the education of Turkish migrants' children and the handicaps existing for equal access to all educational opportunities. She comes to the conclusion that unless realistic measures endeavouring bi-cultural integration on behalf of the growing generations are implemented, the dependency of Turkey's excessive manpower on the European labour market will mark these children and leave them on the threshhold of adult life without equal means and opportunities to build a more prosperous and peaceful world. /// Die Autorin untersucht die Erziehung der türkischen Gastarbeiterkinder und die Hindernisse, die deren freiem Zugang zu allen Bildungsmöglichkeiten entgegenstehen. Sie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass realistische Massnahmen zur bi-kulturellen Integration der jungen Generation getróffen werden müssen, wenn die Abhängigkeit des türkischen Arbeitskräfteüberschusses vom europäischen Arbeitsmarkt diese jungen Kinder nicht zeichnen und an der Schwelle des Erwachsenenlebens lassen soll, ohne ausreichende Mittel und Möglichkeiten, eine blühendere und friedlichere Welt aufzubauen. /// L'auteur examine les problèmes de l'éducation des enfants des migrants turcs et les obstacles entravant l'accès égal à toutes les possibilités d'éducation. Elle conclut qu'à moins de mettre en pratique des mesures réalistes s'efforçant d'intégrer les deux cultures au nom des générations futures, la dépendance de la main-d'oeuvre excessive turque sur le marché du travail européen marquera ces enfants et les laissera sur le seuil de la vie d'adulte, sans occasions, ni moyens égaux de créer un monde paisible et plus prospère.

'Islam Outside the Arab World' edited by David Westerlund and Ingvar Svangberg is reviewed.

In this chapter we examine six different migration phases between Germany and Turkey focusing on their economic and socio-cultural developmental impacts: (1) migration of academics escaping from Nazi persecution to Turkey (1930-50); (2) entrepreneurial small-scale migration from Turkey to Germany (1950-60); (3) guest worker recruitment starting the official labour migration (1961-73); (4) settlement phase with family unification (1973-90); (5) asylum seeking period (1989-2000); (6) contemporary two-way flows (2000-present). We question the concept of the migration corridor and advocate that it is quite restricted because it gives the impression of a homogeneous and often uni-directional flow of people. Therefore, we argue for a nuanced understanding of a migration corridor given the heterogeneity of mobility and two-way flows over the years between cities and regions leading to corridors within country corridors.