Explore the vast range of titles available.

First time compared the different metals doped ZnS nanoparticles for antibacterial and liver cancer cell line. In this study, copper, aluminum and nickel doped ZnS NPs were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The XRD analysis was confirmed the presence of cubic crystal structure and crystallite size decreased from 6 to 3 nm with doping elements. While as SEM micro-grains were revealed slightly irregular and agglomerated morphology with the presence of dopant elements. The presence of different dopant elements such as Cu, Al and Ni in ZnS NPs was identified via EDX analysis. The FTIR results demonstrate various vibrational stretching and bending modes attached to the surface of ZnS nanomaterials. After that the well diffusion method was used to conduct in-vitro bioassays for evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer activities against E.coli and B.cereus , as well as HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Our findings unveil exceptional results with maximum inhibition zone of approximately 9 to 23 mm observed against E.coli and 12 to 27 mm against B .cereus , respectively. In addition, the significant reduction in cell viability was achieved against the HepG2 liver cancer cell line. These favorable results highlight the potential of Ni doped ZnS NPs for various biomedical applications. In future, the doped ZnS nanomaterials will be suitable for hyperthermia therapy and wound healing process.

In the present study, Pb 1− x Mn x S (0, 0.04, and 0.06) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by chemical co-precipitation process. The effects of Mn doping on the structural, morphological, vibrational, optical, and electrical characteristics of the PbS nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and I – V characteristics respectively. XRD patterns confirm the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure without impurity phases. The average crystalline size, unit cell constant, and porosity were found in the ranges of 11.93–14.33 nm, 5.7250–5.6888 Å, and 4.80–2.35%, respectively. SEM analysis revealed the flower-like, stone-like, and rode-like shapes of the Pb 1− x Mn x S (0, 0.04, and 0.06) nanoparticles. SEM images show that the PbS with Mn doping has flower, stone, and rod-like shapes for the samples doped with 0%, 4%, and 6%, respectively, Raman spectra depicted that the 6% Mn-doped PbS nanoparticles have stronger, and sharper peak intensity and bands as compared to PbS nanoparticles doped with 0 and 4%. The energy band gap decreased from 1.48 to 1.42 eV by increasing Mn concentration as compared to that of pure PbS nanoparticles. The electrical studies show that the increase in Mn-doping contents enhanced the electrical characteristics of the PbS nanoparticles without any structural distortions. The resistivity of the Pb 1-x Mn x S (0, 0.04, and 0.06) nanoparticles reduced from 1.3 × 10 6 to 2.1 × 10 3 Ω cm and conductivity increased from 7.69 × 10 −7 to 4.76 × 10 −4 Ʊ cm −1 with Mn content. Due to extraordinary characteristics and narrow band gaps, pure PbS and Mn-doped PbS nanoparticles are suitable for electronic devices operated at low temperatures. Graphical Abstract Highlights Pure and Mn-PbS nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation route. The crystalline size, lattice constant and porosity were 10.35–12.09 nm, 5.7250–5.6888 Å and 4.80–2.35%. SEM images confirmed the varied morphology and increasing grain size. Raman analysis exhibited the high intensity of bands with increasing the Mn-doping content. The energy band gap decreased from 1.48 to 1.42 eV by increasing Mn content.

The energy extraction is the major challenge for developing countries and its demand increased worldwide. This work was related to synthesis of pure and copper-doped tungsten oxide (Cu–WO 3 ) NPs via co-precipitation method. The monoclinic crystal structure and crystallite size increased via doping agents were examined by XRD analysis. Scanning electron microscope was used for the observing microstructure and morphology of prepared samples. Raman spectroscopy results revealed that tungsten trioxide exhibits monoclinic structure at room temperature, and vibration of different modes such as O–W–O and W–O was identified. The absorbance of Cu-doped WO 3 NPs was observed at 390 nm, and band gap varies from 2.48 to 2.25 eV with Cu concentration. After that the thermoelectric properties were investigated by seebeck coefficient. The results declared that seebeck coefficient decreases as the increasing temperature of Cu-doped WO 3 NPs due to which electrical conductivity increases. Finally, thermal stability of pure and Cu-doped WO 3 NPs was calculated by using TGA analysis. Moreover, due to tuneable properties of Cu-doped WO 3 NPs will be applicable in microelectronics, colloidal quantum dot LEDs, methanol oxidation catalyst and water splitting in future.

Climate change, pesticide resistance, and the need for developing new plant varieties have galvanized biotechnologists to find new solutions in order to produce transgenic plants. Over the last decade scientists are working on green metallic nanoparticles to develop DNA delivery systems for plants. In the current study, green Iron nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Camellia sinensis (green tea) and Iron Chloride (FeCl 3 ), the characterization and Confirmation was done using UV–VIS Spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. Using these nanoparticles, a novel method of gene transformation in okra plants was developed, with a combination of different Magnetofection factors. Maximum gene transformation efficiency was observed at the DNA to Iron-nanoparticles ratio of 1:20, by rotation of mixture (Plasmid DNA, Iron-nanoparticles, and seed embryo) at 800 rpm for 5 h. Using this approach, the transformation of the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene was successfully carried out in Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra plant). The DNA transformation was confirmed by observing the expression of transgene GFP via Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) and PCR. This method is highly economical, adaptable, genotype independent, eco-friendly, and time-saving as well. We infer that this approach can be a potential solution to combat the yield and immunity challenges of plants against pathogens.

To erect modern constructions needs many ducts and pipes to accommodate essential services such as telephone, electricity, air conditioning, and computer network. Transverse web openings throughout the Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams enable the installation of these services. In recent decades, the researchers suggested several strategies for improving the structural behavior for deep, continuous, and simply-supported beams; involving transverse web-holes underwent shear forces, bending, torsion, and cyclic loads by utilizing supplementary internal steel reinforcing bars, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) rods or plates, steel fiber, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets. The current paper presents the previous investigations on the structural action of the RC-beams with the transverse web-openings. The effect of the shape, size, position of the opening, and type of strengthening on the structural performance of RC beams highlight and discussed in this paper. It found when the diameter of circle opening equal or greater than 40% of the depth of beam attributed by reducing in beam strength and earlier cracks occurred. Besides, the deflection of beams was rose when the openings settled below the centroid of the section. Finally, this study proves that the few previous studies discussed the RC beam’s behavior with openings under cyclic loading. However, this paper aims to develop insights for future studies about assessing and strengthening methods for the RC beams with the transverse web opening.

The serendipitous chemical and physical properties of 2D materials (2DMs) have provoked enormous research efforts. These materials suggest an attractive podium for various optoelectronic, energy conversion, energy storage, and sensing device applications. The outstanding optical and electrical properties combined with superior mechanical characteristics make 2DMs an unprecedented choice for the diversity of advanced high‐efficient photodetectors. The functionalities and properties of such materials can further be tailored by combining 2DMs in the form of nanoarchitecture heterostructures. Thus, this study focuses on the recent advancements of 2D heterostructures for highly efficient photodetectors started with an introduction to their basic structural configurations. Then, a discussion on their state‐of‐the‐art synthesis methods is stressing the approaches that contrive the current margins and provide a path toward realizing these materials for efficient photodetector applications. The advanced characterization techniques that are useful for analyzing 2DM‐based photodetectors and underlying mechanisms for superior device performance are summarized systematically. Furthermore, utilization of 2DM‐based heterostructures for high‐performance photodetector applications with the special emphasis on different photodetection mechanisms is also discussed comprehensively at the end. The functionalities and properties of 2D materials can further be modified by their combination in the form of heterostructures to achieve high‐performance devices. This aims to highlight the role of graphene and beyond graphene heterostructures to achieve highly efficient photodetectors with a special emphasis on different photodetection mechanisms.

Background Pancytopenia, while a common manifestation of a multitude of diseases, remains a relatively lesser-researched topic, especially in developing countries. Its management depends largely on identifying the etiology, which can range from simple infections to more sinister causes like leukemia. This study aims to investigate the clinical presentations, hematological findings, and etiologies of pancytopenia in a developing country. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, and included 106 patients who were diagnosed with pancytopenia. Thorough demographic details, histories, clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, bone marrow biopsies, and final diagnoses were recorded and analyzed using statistical tools. Results Pancytopenia was most common in the age group 11-30 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Infections were the leading etiology (17.9%), followed by megaloblastic anemia (17%), hypersplenism (16%), and malignancy (15.1%). Among infections, enteric fever was the most frequently observed cause. The most common presentation was with signs and symptoms of anemia, followed by infections and thrombocytopenia. The most common blood smear finding case-wise was a combination of anisocytosis, microcytosis, and target cells. In patients who underwent bone marrow biopsy, the commonest finding (34%) was suggestive of malignancy with hypercellularity and abnormal cells. Aplastic anemia, hypersplenism, and malignancy were associated with a retic count of <1.5%. Platelet counts of less than 50,000 were associated with the presence of signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia. Conclusion Pancytopenia can be a presenting feature of a reversible condition like underlying infection and megaloblastic anemia, which contribute a major portion of its etiologies. Early diagnosis and treatment can reverse pancytopenia and prevent over-investigation.

Since its first use as a bone void filler at the end of the 19th century, calcium sulphate products have been adapted in different ways to aid orthopaedic surgeons. Calcium sulphate local antibiotic delivery systems offer a promising solution in the delivery of high antibiotic concentrations locally for an extended period of time. Over the years, multiple centres have reported side effects such as wound drainage, heterotrophic ossification and hypercalcaemia. This study was carried out to assess the risk of wound drainage in prosthetic joints after implantation of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulphate beads. Two reviewers searched the literature in three online databases using the Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews. The search of databases yielded 182 articles. The studies without reported post-operative complications, mainly drainage outcomes, were excluded. After screening, seven articles were deemed suitable and selected. Out of the 1,112 cases identified, 43 joints developed wound drainage after calcium sulphate bead placement. This complication was resolved in all these cases by either conservative or operative approaches. The factors implicated in the development of wound drainage include the volume of the product used, procedural placement and host factors. The result of this systematic review shows that calcium sulphate products can be used for treatment and prophylaxis in prosthetic joints with a risk of post-procedural wound drainage. This risk, however, is lesser with the use of synthetic calcium sulphate products as compared with conventional calcium sulphate products.

Nowadays, the whole world is facing agricultural challenges; excess heavy metal (Cd) stress is one of them. In this study, the efficacy of biochar and doped biochar (Silicon & Iron) was investigated on Soil to mitigate the stress of Cd in Brassica rapa L. Total eight treatments were used, Control (T1), NaCl+Cd(NO 3 ) 2 (T2), NaCl+Cd(NO 3 ) 2  + Biochar (T3), SiNPs (T4), SiNPs+Biochar(T5), SiNPs+NaCl+Cd(NO 3 ) 2 (T6), SiNPs+NaCl+Cd(NO 3 ) 2  + Biochar (T7), Biochar (T8) while, the morphology study of soil was done with SEM. The results revealed that Electric conductivity was highest in T3 and T5, total protein T4 (11.25%), and phenolic content in T5 and T8 (13.69% & 7.19%) is greatly influenced, Likewise, malondialdehyde contents and H 2 O 2 activity in T2 & T3, Chlorophyll a (T3 and T4) and Chlorophyll b (T3, T7, and T8) was influenced up to a certain value when we compared with control respectively. It is concluded that the biochar and Si NPs enriched biochar are excellent choices for the mitigation of heavy metal (Cd) stress in B. rapa L. Graphical abstract

Introduction: The condition known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and vision problems due to brain swelling, which often can be seen in brain scans. While there have been some cases of PRES linked to conditions such autoimmune diseases and high blood pressure, we're sharing a unique case here. Our case involves severe kidney damage caused by idiopathic hemolytic anaemia. The patient also experienced loss of consciousness, seizures, and headache. Brain scans confirmed the signs of PRES. We managed to help the patient recover fully through careful treatment, including fluids, managing seizures, and transfusions.Case details: Our patient was dealing with severe kidney damage from idiopathic hemolytic anaemia. They had episodes of loss of consciousness, seizures, and headaches. Brain scans showed that they had PRES.Diagnosis and treatment: We found out that the patient had severe kidney damage because of hemolytic anaemia, and she also had PRES. We treated her by giving fluids, managing her seizures, and doing blood transfusions, along with other supportive care.Conclusions: With our treatment, the patient got better, her neurological symptoms improved, and her brain scans showed fewer signs of PRES. This case tells us something interesting - sometimes, anaemia can lead to rare neurological problems like PRES. We need to be aware of these possibilities to help patients better. Our successful treatment in this case emphasizes how important quick and comprehensive care can be for good outcomes.