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Background Obesity became major health problem in the world, the objective of this work was to examine the effect of high sucrose and high fat diet to induce obesity on antioxidant defense system, biochemical changes in blood and tissue of control, non treated and treated groups by administration of Garcinia cambogia, and explore the mechanisms that link obesity with altered renal function Methods Rats were fed a standard control diet for 12 week (wk) or a diet containing 65% high sucrose (HSD) or 35% fat (HFD) for 8 wk and then HFD group divided into two groups for the following 4 wks. One group was given Garcinia +HFD, the second only high fat, Also the HSD divided into two groups, 1 st HSD+ Garcinia and 2 nd HSD. Blood and renal, mesenteric, Perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues were collected for biochemical assays. Results HFD and HSD groups of rats showed a significant increase in feed intake, Body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). Also there were significant increases in weights of mesenteric, Perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues in HFD and HSD groups. HFD and HSD affect the kidney by increasing serum urea and creatinine levels and decreased level of nitric oxide (NO) and increased blood glucose, low density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were significantly decreased in HFD while there were significant increases in HSD and HSD+G groups p ≤ 0.05 compared with control. Moreover, renal catalase activities and MDA levels were significantly increased while NO level was lowered. These changes improved by Garcinia that decreased the oxidative stress biomarkers and increased NO level. There were significant positive correlations among BMI, kidney functions (Creatinine and urea), TG and Oxidative markers (renal MDA and catalase). Conclusions Rats fed a diet with HFD or HSD showed, hypertriglyceridemia, increased LDL production, increased oxidative stress and renal alteration. Moreover, suggesting association between lipid peroxidation, obesity and nephropathy, while Garcinia ameliorated the damaging effects of the HFD or HSD and decreased feed intake, MDA level and decreased oxidative stress in renal tissues.

Aims This study aimed to examine the effect of high fat diet (HFD) to modulate brain dysfunction, and understand the linkages between obesity, metabolic disturbances and the brain oxidative stress (BOS) dysfunction and modulation with hydroxyl citric acid of G. Cambogia . Methods Rats were divided into 3 groups; 1 st control, maintained on standard normal rat chow diet, 2 nd HFD, maintained on high fat diet along 12 week and 3 rd HFD+G, administered G. Cambogia for 4 weeks and each group include 8 rats. Blood, brain and abdominal fat were collected for biochemical measurements. Results HFD group showed significant increase in energy intake, final BW and BW gain. Also significant increase in weight of abdominal fat in HFD group. HFD induce metabolic disturbance through increasing the lipid profile (LDL, TG, TC), γGT and α-amylase activity, uric acid level and hyperglycemia, while decreasing creatine kinase (CK) activity. These changes associated with lowering in brain nitric oxide (NO) level and rising in serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), brain catalase activity and MDA levels as oxidative stress markers. These alterations improved by G. Cambogia that decrease BOS and increased NO level. Conclusions Rats fed HFD showed, metabolic disturbances produce hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased LDL associated with increased BOS. Involvement of BuChE, NO and oxidative stress associated with metabolic disturbances in the pathophysiological progression in brain, suggesting association between obesity, metabolic disorders and brain alteration while, using G. Cambogia , ameliorate the damaging effects of the HFD via lowering feed intake and BOS.

Objective Chest ultrasound has many uses, both diagnostic and interventional. It may be used for the diagnosis of multiple pleural diseases (pleural effusion, pleural masses, and pneumothorax). It is also used in the diagnosis of diseases caused by lung parenchymal lesions, such as neoplasms, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and lung abscesses. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the sonographic features of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD). Design This was a prospective study. Setting The study was carried out at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt during the period spanning from January 2017 to June 2017. Patients and methods This study included 120 participants. Sixty of them were diagnosed as having DPLD. For the diagnosis of these cases, we need a full medical history, a detailed clinical examination, spirometry, 6 min walk test, arterial blood gases’ analysis, high-resolution computed tomography, and chest ultrasound. The other 60 were studied as controls. Statistical analysis The data were collected and coded to facilitate data manipulation, and they were double entered into Microsoft Access; the data analysis was performed by using SPSS software, version 18 in Windows 7. The simple descriptive analysis was carried out in the form of numbers and percentages for qualitative data and arithmetic means as central tendency measurement, SDs as measure of dispersion for the quantitative parametric data and the inferential statistic test. Results There was a female predominance with a wide range of age. Most of the cases were nonsmokers, breeding birds, and exposed to biomass. All cases had diffuse bilateral B-lines. There was a negative relation between the Warrick score on the one hand and the B-line number, PaO 2 , 6 min walk test, and forced vital capacity on the other hand. In contrast, a positive relation was demonstrated between the Warrick score and B-line distance and pleural thickness. Most of the studied patients (71.6%) had irregular and thickened pleura and (51.6%) had an abolished lung sliding. Conclusion Chest ultrasound has a significant role in the diagnosis of DPLD and also in estimating the severity of the disease according to the number and the distance between B-lines. Multiple B-lines in the combination of thickened and irregular pleural line are highly suggestive of DPLD.

ernard Dadié est l'un des pionniers de littérature africaine d'expression française. Il se consacre au théâtre pour atteindre son message à un public quasiment analphabète : son théâtre présent l'état lamentable des pays africains récemment indépendants sous la direction de leurs rois qui ont fait une accession au pouvoir par la force. Il a su nous dessiner intelligemment les faux mensonges des rois africains vis-à-vis de leurs peuples. C'est grâce à ses procédées satiriques que Dadié a réussi interpréter sur l'espace scénique la trahison de leaders africains qui ont accepté de vendre leurs concitoyens, leurs pays à l'ex- colonisateurs pour assurer leurs intérêts privés et leurs gains sordides .De plus, il a recours aux ressources naturelles africaines pour appeler ces faux dirigeants à retrouver leurs racines tout en les exhortant à travailler l'intérêt commun de leur peuple et de leur pays. En ce qui concerne son style, il est abondant, simple, peu maniéré et plein de figures de style et de rhétorique .Malgré son style critique et acerbe, cela n'empêche pas de dire que il était un grand humaniste. Il a su s'interroger sur les idées rétrogradées à la société africaine d'après son théâtre, qui est censé être le miroir qui reforme les ridicules et les travers africains, depuis le fil d'antan. Enfin, c'est d'après sa vision satirique, humaniste et engagé que Dadié arrive sous la forme de la morale à reformer les mauvaises et valeurs et les idées rigides qu'ont adoptées les rois de l'Afrique noire après la décolonisation.

Head and neck sarcomas are very rare accounting for about 1% of head and neck malignancies and 5% of sarcomas. Outcomes have historically been worse in this group compared to other sarcomas, due to anatomical constraints that make complete surgical removal difficult and increased local relapse rate. Surgery remains the main intervention although the data suggest the role of chemotherapy and irradiation as treatment options. and Design. Twenty-four patients were retrospectively identified. Mean age was 37.7 years (range 17-80) with female gender predominance (62.5%). Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma were the most common types (16.7%). At presentation, 23 patients showed localized disease (95.8%), while one patient was metastatic to the bone. Surgery was the primary treatment in 83.3% patients with different surgical margin status (R0 in 6/20, R1 in 11/20 and R2 in 3/20 patients), while 4/24 patients were not operated. Radiotherapy was applied as adjuvant treatment in 9 patients, as definitive in 2 and as palliative in one patient. Chemotherapy was administered in neoadjuvant/ adjuvant settings in 8 patients. Median follow-up was 31 months. Mean TTR for all surgically resected population was 39.8 months. Locally relapsed patients were 35% with mean TTLR 43.2 months while 15% of patients developed systemic relapse with mean TTSR 55 months. Mean OS of all studied patients was 48 months. Head and neck sarcomas are rare challenging malignancies due to anatomical constrain, with only 20% achieving R0 surgical resection and > 30% suffering of local relapse after complete surgical resection.

ObjectiveThe adherence to public health recommendations to control COVID-19 spread is influenced by public knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). We performed this cross-sectional study to assess the levels and determinants of public KAP towards COVID-19 in a large, multinational sample.DesignCross-sectional study (survey).SettingThe questionnaire was distributed to potential respondents via online platforms.Participants71 890 individuals from 22 countries.MethodsWe formulated a four-section questionnaire in English, followed by validation and translation into seven languages. The questionnaire was distributed (May to June 2020) and each participant received a score for each KAP section.ResultsOverall, the participants had fair knowledge (mean score: 19.24±3.59) and attitudes (3.72±2.31) and good practices (12.12±1.83) regarding COVID-19. About 92% reported moderate to high compliance with national lockdown. However, significant gaps were observed: only 68.2% knew that infected individuals may be asymptomatic; 45.4% believed that antibiotics are an effective treatment; and 55.4% stated that a vaccine has been developed (at the time of data collection). 71.9% believed or were uncertain that COVID-19 is a global conspiracy; 36.8% and 51% were afraid of contacting doctors and Chinese people, respectively. Further, 66.4% reported the pandemic had moderate to high negative effects on their mental health. Female gender, higher education and urban residents had significantly (p≤0.001) higher knowledge and practice scores. Further, we observed significant correlations between all KAP scores.ConclusionsAlthough the public have fair/good knowledge and practices regarding COVID-19, significant gaps should be addressed. Future awareness efforts should target less advantaged groups and future studies should develop new strategies to tackle COVID-19 negative mental health effects.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the mediating role of knowledge transfer (KT) in explaining the interdependencies between Knowledge Management Enablers (KMEs) and Innovation Capabilities (ICs) within Egypt’s Telecom industry. Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional survey, the authors collected data from 315 employees working at the leading four Telecom Companies in Egypt. The hypothesized model was analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 key positions and mirrored against the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. Findings The results indicate a significant positive effect of the KM enablers of T-shaped skills and leadership-style on workers’ ICs. The KMEs dimensions of organization culture, structure, IT-Support-T-shaped skills and leadership-style explain the KT mechanism. The relationship between the KM enablers of (organization culture, structure, IT-Support, and leadership-style) and workers’ ICs is mediated by the KT mechanism. The relationship between T-shaped skills and ICs is not mediated by KT. Research limitations/implications Limited attention, until now, is given to the KMEs, KT and ICs interdependencies. This study bridges this research gap by exploring how KM enablers (i.e., organization culture, organization structure, IT infrastructure, T-shape skills, and leadership-style) shape the mechanism of transferring knowledge within the organization, which generates ICs for organizations operating in dynamic environment. Practical implications The results provide managers with applicable recommendations for fostering KMEs, encouraging KT mechanisms, and enhancing workers’ ICs. Originality/value This research is among the first to significantly contribute to understanding how KT mechanism, as mediator, explain the interdependencies between KMEs and ICs in ever-changing business environment.

Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms emerged early in the COVID-19 pandemic as a key feature of the virus, with research confirming a range of neuropsychiatric manifestations linked to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the persistence of neurological symptoms in the post-acute and chronic phases remains unclear. This meta-analysis assesses the long-term neurological effects of COVID-19 in recovered patients, providing insights for mental health service planning. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL, up to March 22, 2024. Studies evaluating the prevalence of long-term neurological symptoms in COVID-19 survivors with at least six months of follow-up were included. Pooled prevalence estimates, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were performed, and publication bias was assessed. Results The prevalence rates for the different symptoms were as follows: fatigue 43.3% (95% CI [36.1-50.9%]), memory disorders 27.8% (95% CI [20.1-37.1%]), cognitive impairment 27.1% (95% CI [20.4-34.9%]), sleep disorders 24.4% (95% CI [18.1-32.1%]), concentration impairment 23.8% (95% CI [17.2-31.9%]), headache 20.3% (95% CI [15-26.9%]), dizziness 16% (95% CI [9.5-25.7%]), stress 15.9% (95% CI [10.2-24%]), depression 14.0% (95% CI [10.1-19.2%]), anxiety 13.2% (95% CI [9.6-17.9%]), and migraine 13% (95% CI [2.2-49.8%]). Significant heterogeneity was observed across all symptoms. Meta-regression analysis showed higher stress, fatigue, and headache in females, and increased stress and concentration impairment with higher BMI. Conclusions Neurological symptoms are common and persistent in COVID-19 survivors. This meta-analysis highlights the significant burden these symptoms place on individuals, emphasizing the need for well-resourced multidisciplinary healthcare services to support post-COVID recovery. Registration and protocol This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024576237.

The adherence to public health recommendations to control COVID-19 spread is influenced by public knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). We performed this cross-sectional study to assess the levels and determinants of public KAP towards COVID-19 in a large, multinational sample. Cross-sectional study (survey). The questionnaire was distributed to potential respondents via online platforms. 71 890 individuals from 22 countries. We formulated a four-section questionnaire in English, followed by validation and translation into seven languages. The questionnaire was distributed (May to June 2020) and each participant received a score for each KAP section. Overall, the participants had fair knowledge (mean score: 19.24±3.59) and attitudes (3.72±2.31) and good practices (12.12±1.83) regarding COVID-19. About 92% reported moderate to high compliance with national lockdown. However, significant gaps were observed: only 68.2% knew that infected individuals may be asymptomatic; 45.4% believed that antibiotics are an effective treatment; and 55.4% stated that a vaccine has been developed (at the time of data collection). 71.9% believed or were uncertain that COVID-19 is a global conspiracy; 36.8% and 51% were afraid of contacting doctors and Chinese people, respectively. Further, 66.4% reported the pandemic had moderate to high negative effects on their mental health. Female gender, higher education and urban residents had significantly (p≤0.001) higher knowledge and practice scores. Further, we observed significant correlations between all KAP scores. Although the public have fair/good knowledge and practices regarding COVID-19, significant gaps should be addressed. Future awareness efforts should target less advantaged groups and future studies should develop new strategies to tackle COVID-19 negative mental health effects.

Background Retrograde venous perfusion (RVP) is a minimally invasive procedure in which the limb circulation is isolated by the application of a proximal limb tourniquet, followed by the administration of specific medications through a distal limb vein. This allows these drugs to pass in the reverse direction to reach the ulcerated area of the affected limb. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of RVP, for the management of long-standing intractable chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs). Methods A 4-year retrospective study took place from January 2021 to January 2025. All patients who underwent the RVP technique were included in the study. These patients had chronic, intractable, long-standing, nonhealing, venous leg ulcers. They were classified into two groups. Group I included those who underwent RVP (treated group). However, group II was treated with standard compression therapy (control group). A paired-samples t test was performed to compare the studied groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed for patients who were free from ulcer recurrence or nonhealing after the RVP technique. Results During the 4-year study period, 384 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 75% ( n  = 288) of the participants were females, and 25% were males ( n  = 96). The median age was 37.26 ± 4.2 years. Ulcers ranged between 30cm 2 and near circumferential. The median ulcer duration was 18 ± 14.4 months. The mean number of RVP sessions was 26.78 ± 7.6, whereas the mean session time was 213 ± 49 min. A reduction in ulcer size/complete healing was achieved in 96.9% of the patients in group I vs. 68.8% of those in group II. Conclusions Compared with the standard compression technique, RVP therapy may be considered an effective and feasible technique for treating intractable venous leg ulcers. It offers shorter periods of therapy with a high success rate in reducing ulcer size/complete wound healing within a short period of time. This therapeutic option may provide essential evidence to reduce the negative social and economic impact on affected populations.