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This paper examines the efficiency and asymmetric multiracial features of NFTs (Mana, Tezos), and traditional assets (EGX30, Oil index) using Asymmetric Multiracial Cross-Correlations Analysis covering the period from January 2020 to May 2021. Considering the full sample with a significant variation among asset classes. (Oil-Tezos) and (Mana-Tezos) is the most efficient.

Similar to (Cervantes et al., 2022), this paper examines the relationship between the stock markets of emerging and developed economies. cryptocurrencies, and the fear triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis from January 2020 to May 2021. The potential relations are analysed in terms of causal models. The study assumes that the COVID-19 panic index, VIX index, WTI index, gold index, COVID-19 confirmed cases, death cases, and fatality ratio are the independent variables, while the dependent variables are the stock retums for the two indices (EGX30 and S&P500), the returns for the five cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, and Tether), the market risk Overall, our Structural Equation Model analysis results suggest that changes in panic indices resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have a significant positive relationship with daily S&P500 stock risk, daily Bitcoin risk, daily Litcoin risk, and daily Ripple risk. Furthermore, there is a significant positive relationship between the daily WTI Oil index returns and daily EGX30 stock returns. Our results show a significant positive relationship between daily VIX volatility index returns and daily Tether returns.

Insulin resistance contributes to several disorders including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Carpachromene is a natural active compound that inhibits α-glucosidase enzyme. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential activity of carpachromene on glucose consumption, metabolism and insulin signalling in a HepG2 cells insulin resistant model. A HepG2 insulin resistant cell model (HepG2/IRM) was established. Cell viability assay of HepG2/IRM cells was performed after carpachromene/metformin treatment. Glucose concentration and glycogen content were determined. Western blot analysis of insulin receptor, IRS1, IRS2, PI3k, Akt, GSK3, FoxO1 proteins after carpachromene treatment was performed. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and hexokinase (HK) enzymes activity was also estimated. Viability of HepG2/IRM cells was over 90% after carpachromene treatment at concentrations 6.3, 10, and 20 µg/mL. Treatment of HepG2/IRM cells with carpachromene decreased glucose concentration in a concentration- and time-dependant manner. In addition, carpachromene increased glycogen content of HepG2/IRM cells. Moreover, carpachromene treatment of HepG2/IRM cells significantly increased the expression of phosphorylated/total ratios of IR, IRS1, PI3K, Akt, GSK3, and FoxO1 proteins. Furthermore, PEPCK enzyme activity was significantly decreased, and HK enzyme activity was significantly increased after carpachromene treatment. The present study examined, for the first time, the potential antidiabetic activity of carpachromene on a biochemical and molecular basis. It increased the expression ratio of insulin receptor and IRS1 which further phosphorylated/activated PI3K/Akt pathway and phosphorylated/inhibited GSK3 and FoxO1 proteins. Our findings revealed that carpachromene showed central molecular regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signalling via IR/IRS1/ PI3K/Akt/GSK3/FoxO1 pathway.