Explore the vast range of titles available.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of Anabasis setifera extract, including its antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. In the current study, Anabasis setifera leaves extract was evaluated for antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant activities and phytochemical analyses. Ethyl acetate extract of Anabasis setifera (EA-AS) exhibited promising antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhimurium , Bacillus subtilis , Candida albicans , Aspergillus brasiliensis , Aspergillus fumigatus with MICs 62.5, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 125 μg/mL respectively. Moreover, EA-AS showed anticancer activity at safe concentrations, where IC 50 were 36.4 and 44 μg/mL toward Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cancerous cell lines. EA-AS was found to contain 55 significant compounds identified through gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GCMS). The most abundant compounds were 1,4-dimethoxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-benzocycloheptenone (26.04%), hexa-2,4-diyn-1-ylbenzene (8.40%), dihydrobenzo[b]fluoranthene (6.10%), ethanone, 1-[2,3-dihydro-2-(1-methylethenyl)-5-benzofuranyl (6.10%), and valerenol (4.08%). GC mass analysis confirmed the antioxidant properties of AS by detecting several compounds with antioxidant activity, including hexa-2,4-diyn-1-ylbenzene, nerolidol, spathulenol, -naphthalenem ethanol, decahydro-4-trimethyl-8-methylene, hexadecenoic acid, tremetone, desmethoxyencecalin, heptadecyn-1-ol, thunbergol, hexadecanol, dotriacontane, taylorione, ligulatin, retinoic acid, and falcarinol. The analysis of EA-AS reveals that it is a rich source of valuable phytochemicals: total Phenolic Content: a promising 4,264 μg/mL /, suggesting substantial biological and pharmacological potential. Total tannin content: 391.17 μg/mL, indicating potential applications in industries like nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Total flavonoid content exceptionally high at 5,163 μg/mL, while the total alkaloid content measured 1,036.26 μg/mL. Additionally, EA-AS demonstrated antioxidant activity with an EC 50 of 30.6 μg/mL. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the EA-AS reveals its immense potential as a rich source of valuable phytochemicals with diverse bioactivities, warranting further in-depth studies to unlock its full pharmaceutical and commercial prospects. Our results suggest substantial biological and pharmacological prospects for EA-AS as a promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and potent antioxidant.

(1) Background: Moxifloxacin (MXF) is a fluorinated quinolone antibiotic used most commonly due to its broad spectrum of activity. However, the immunomodulatory effects of MXF remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the patterns of immunomodulatory effects. (2) Methods: Swiss female albino mice were treated with different concentrations of MXF, and the immunological studies were performed using a cytokine assay, carbon clearance test, indirect hemagglutination test, and a mice lethality assay. (3) Results: Results revealed that MXF mitigated cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia, with TLC reduced less at 7.5 mg/kg (5.37 ± 0.6) compared to 3.75 mg/kg (2.95 ± 0.485) and 15 mg/kg (2.14 ± 0.104). Results of the phagocytic index showed significantly lower clearance rates in the 7.5 mg/kg (0.01600 ± 0.00175) and 15 mg/kg (0.01331 ± 0.00310) groups compared to the control. Ex-vivo mice macrophages cytokines analysis showed elevated TGF-β1 levels in the MXF 32 µg/ml group (30.826 ± 0.817pg/ml) and IL-10 levels in the MXF 16 µg/ml group (50.427 ± 0.786pg/ml). The MXF 64 µg/ml treated group showed significantly lower IL-6 (8.714 ± 0.647pg/ml) and TNF-α (28.81 ± 3.24pg/ml) levels compared to controls. Findings of indirect hemagglutination assay showed higher antibody titers in the 3.75 mg/kg group (7.200 ± 0.374) compared to higher doses, whereas dose-dependent mortality was observed, with the highest mortality at 15 mg/kg (80%) in the mice lethality assay. (4) Conclusions: MXF exhibited notable immunomodulatory effects by mitigating cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, modulating cytokine levels, phagocytic activity, and antibody production. The findings suggested that MXF could be considered for managing immunosuppression.

This manuscript presents original research on Salvadora persica fruit, investigating its antioxidant and metabolic properties using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches in high‐fat‐diet induced hyperlipidemic rat models. Nutritional profiling, phytochemical analysis (TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS), and GC–MS analysis identified key bioactive compounds. The antioxidant tests revealed high activity of the methanolic extract, with TPC (62.1 mg GAE/g), DPPH (67.8%), FRAP (335.4 μmol Fe2+/g), and ABTS (540.2 μmol Trolox/g) assays. GC–MS analysis revealed oleic acid as the predominant compound (56.64%), followed by (9E,11E)‐octadecadienoic acid (18.10%) and n‐hexadecanoic acid (10.92%). Molecular docking studies confirmed strong binding affinities with HMG‐CoA reductase. Furthermore, in vivo studies in male Wistar albino rats (n = 5 per group) confirmed that S. persica significantly restored antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, Catalase, and GSH) and reduced oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO) in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). Lipid parameters (TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL) in animals treated with S. persica were significantly reduced, and liver and kidney markers, including AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea, were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Additionally, glucose levels in hyperlipidemic rats treated with S. persica methanolic extract were lower than those in the negative control (p < 0.05). These results underscore the promising antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective potential of the methanolic extract of S. persica. Salvadora persica methanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic effects in high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidemic rats. In vitro antioxidant assays, GC–MS profiling, and in vivo studies confirmed improvements in the lipid profile and in markers of oxidative stress, liver, and kidney function. In silico studies also confirm bioactive compounds have strong binding affinities with key lipid‐regulating targets, such as HMG‐CoA reductase.

Cancer and microbial infections place a significant burden on the world’s health systems and can increase the rate of disease and mortality. In the current study, a novel nanocomposite based on Gum Arabic, silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite) was synthesized to overcome the problem of microbial infection and in cancer treatment. Characterization using UV-Vis. spectrophotometer reveals that, the observed peak in the spectrum was formed by the observed O.D. at 0.755, and confirmed that the produced GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite was small and discernible at 360 nm. The particles’ diameters varied from 9.5 nm to 49.5 nm, with a mean diameter of 25.53 ± 1.4 nm. The created Gum Arabic filtrate was rich in active functional groups, and the provided polydisperse NPs were intended to reduce, stabilize, and the produced filtrate act as capping agents. Based on the XRD data, the synthesized GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite was crystallized and had a face-centered (fcc) crystal structure. Biosafety of GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite was assessed toward Wi 38 normal cell line, where it showed safety toward the tested cell line where IC50 was 154.2 µg/mL. Antimicrobial results confirmed that, GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite has antibacterial activity with MICs 15.6, 125, 31.25 and 125 µg/mL against S. epidermis , S. aureus , L. plantrum , and S. typhimurium, respectively. Likewise, it showed antifungal activity toward C. albicans and C. neoformans with MICs 62.5 and 15.62 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite displayed promising anticancer activity with IC 50 26.11 and 59.5 µg/ml toward MCF-7 and Hep-G2, respectively. In conclusion, the novel GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite demonstrated promising antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities.

Medicinal plants are an essential reservoir of natural compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. This study focuses on Debregeasia saeneb, (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood a relatively unexplored plant recognized for its traditional medicinal uses. The research aims to identify and analyze the phytochemical composition of D. saeneb (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood leaves, as well as evaluating their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. This study systematically identified and analyzed the phytochemical constituents of D. saeneb (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood leaves utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), alongside both quantitative and qualitative assays. The biological activities were assessed through radical scavenging assays, specifically DPPH (1,1-di-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and α-amylase inhibitory assays, which have been largely underexplored across various solvents. The GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse range of compounds, with ethyl acetate extracts containing six compounds, chloroform extracts containing seven, and n-hexane extracts containing three distinct compounds. Further qualitative assessments confirmed the presence of glycosides, leucoanthocyanins, quinones, lignins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins in the extracts of D. saeneb (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood. Quantitative analyses established the total phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid contents, revealing a positive correlation among the different extracts. Specifically, the total flavonoid (TF) content in the standard ranged from 0.34 to 1.189 µg/mL, while in methanol extracts it ranged from 0.087 to 0.778 µg/mL, in ethyl acetate from 0.188 to 0.624 µg/mL, and in n-hexane from 0.03 to 0.44 µg/mL. The total tannin content (TTC) in the standard ranged from 0.462 to 2.359 µg/mL, with methanol extracts showing values from 0.016 to 0.048 µg/mL, ethyl acetate from 0.0196 to 0.153 µg/mL, and n-hexane from 0.0012 to 0.134 µg/mL. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the standard ranged from 0.11 to 0.38 µg/mL, with methanol extracts ranging from 0.042 to 0.267 µg/mL, ethyl acetate from 0.0275 to 0.487 µg/mL, and n-hexane from 0.001 to 0.348 µg/mL. In ethanol extracts, the radical scavenging capacity (RSC) ranged from 0.005 to 0.05 µg/mL, in methanol from 0.01 to 0.09 µg/mL, and in aqueous extracts from 0.005 to 0.035 µg/mL, while the standard RSC ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 µg/mL. The biological activity assays indicated that D. saeneb (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood extracts exhibited significant α-amylase inhibition, suggesting potential anti-diabetic properties. Furthermore, all extracts demonstrated radical scavenging activity in both ABTS and DPPH assays, with the methanol extract exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this research provides comprehensive insights into the phytochemical profile of D. saeneb (Forsk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood leaves and its potential therapeutic applications, including anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects, thereby warranting further investigation into molecular mechanisms, drug development, and health promotion.

Background Potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) is widely used as a food additive and is a major water disinfection by-product. The present study reports the side effects of KBrO 3 administration on the brain functions and behaviour of albino mice. Methods Animals were divided into three groups: control, low dose KBrO 3 (100 mg/kg/day) and high dose KBrO 3 (200 mg/kg/day) groups. Results Administration of KBrO 3 led to a significant change in the body weight in the animals of the high dose group in the first, second and the last weeks while water consumption was not significantly changed. Neurobehavioral changes and a reduced Neurotransmitters levels were observed in both KBrO 3 groups of mice. Also, the brain level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in KBrO 3 receiving animals was decreased. Histological studies favoured these biochemical results showing extensive damage in the histological sections of brain of KBrO 3 -treated animals. Conclusions These results show that KBrO 3 has serious damaging effects on the central nervous system and therefore, its use should be avoided.

Plant-based natural products are increasingly being explored as safer and more sustainable alternatives than synthetic drugs for controlling globally rising chronic health conditions, including inflammation and diabetes. Microbial fermentation has long been used to enhance the value and bioactivity of natural products. In this study, we produced bioactive oligosaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage polysaccharides using a sustainable one-step Pichia kudriavzevii-mediated fermentation approach. The oligosaccharide fractions separated by size-exclusion chromatography primarily contained uronic acids, pentoses, and hexoses. In vitro assays showed that these oligosaccharides possess notable anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential. Among the fractions, ODF91 exhibited the strongest membrane-stabilizing activity, providing 92.86% protection of the erythrocyte membrane, comparable to that of the standard anti-inflammatory drug. ODF91, at 200 mg/kg, markedly reduced paw edema by 94.69% in the carrageenan-induced mouse model, supporting preliminary in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. ODF91, at 200 mg/kg, also lowered blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by 86.91%, followed by ODF83 and ODF84, suggesting promising preliminary antihyperglycemic activity. Furthermore, lipid profile parameters significantly improved in diabetic mice after treatment with these oligosaccharides. Collectively, these results suggest that the fermented okra-derived oligosaccharides possess promising anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties and highlight microbial fermentation as a scalable strategy for converting underutilized plant polysaccharides into value-added bioactive products.

Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Wall. ex DC (Family-Oleaceae) is a tiny tree found in arid highlands, often referred to as \"Afghan ash\". This study aimed to explore F. xanthoxyloides bark extract as a potential anti-diabetic agent by conducting GC-MS analysis along with in vitro and in vivo studies. F. xanthoxyloides bark methanol extract (FXBM) was fractionated with n-hexane (FXBH), followed by chloroform (FXBC), ethyl acetate (FXBE), and residual aqueous fraction (FXBA). GC-MS and HPLC-MS analysis of the total extract were performed. The inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP4 were assessed for the extract and its fractions. The in vivo study included five groups: control group, diabetic control, groups pretreated with alloxan (150 mg/kg) + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), group pretreated with alloxan (150 mg/kg) + FXBH (200 mg/kg), and group pretreated with alloxan (150 mg/kg) + FXBH (400 mg/kg). Further, a histopathological investigation was conducted. GC-MS analysis of FXBM revealed the presence of 17 compounds predominated by esters (17.9%), polyols (16.35%), and O-glycosides (12.24%). Among all extract/fractions, FXBH showed maximum α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP4 inhibition when compared to acarbose and berberine, respectively. It also achieved the highest glucose uptake among all extract/fractions when compared with metformin. HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of gallic acid (3.29 µg/mg), catechin (4.23 µg/mg), caffeic acid (6.05 µg/mg), ferulic acid (2.99 µg/mg), and quercetin (6.4 µg/mg). FXBH-treated rats showed a significant increase in body weight and reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) from days 1-30. The biochemical parameters like triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, lipase, amylase, C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, HbA1c, and urea were decreased, while high-density lipoprotein was elevated, compared to diabetic control. Histopathological studies demonstrated restoration of pancreatic β-cells. In conclusion, F. xanthoxyloides bark extract exhibited potential antidiabetic effects; meanwhile, further studies are recommended to characterize the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and synergistic effects with standard drugs.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are used in several sectors as antitumor, antimicrobial, and environmental adsorbents. Thus, the present research objective was the production of bacterial-SeNPs as an active and environmentally-friendly antibacterial and adsorbent agents and application into novel nanocomposite filter. From a total of 25 samples (soil, wastewater, and water) obtained from different locations in Egypt, 60 selenium-resistant bacterial isolates were obtained (on a mineral salt medium supplemented with selenium ions). After screening (based on the conversion of selenium from ionic form to nanoform), a superior bacterial isolate for SeNPs formation was obtained and molecular identified as Bacillus pumilus isolate OR431753. The high yield of SeNPs was noted after optimization (glucose as carbon source, pH 9 at 30 °C). The produced SeNPs were characterized as approximately 15 nm-diameter spherical nanoparticles, in addition to the presence of organic substances around these particles like polysaccharides and aromatic amines (protein residues). Also, they have antibacterial activity increased after formation of nanocomposite with nano-chitosan (SeNPs/NCh) against several pathogens. The antibacterial activity (expressed as a diameter of the inhibitory zone) averaged between 2.1 and 4.3, 2.7 and 4.8 cm for SeNPs and SeNPs/NCh, respectively compared with 1.1 to 1.8 cm for Amoxicillin. The produced nanoselenium/chitosan was used as a biofilter to remove mercury (Hg) and AgNPs as model chemicals with serious toxicity and potential pollutant for water bodies in many industries. The new SeNPs/NCh biofilter has proven highly effective in individually removing mercury and AgNPs from their synthetic wastewaters, with an efficiency of up to 99%. Moreover, the removal efficiency of AgNPs stabilized at 99% after treating them with the syringe filter-Se nanocomposite for 4 cycles of treatment (5 min each).

In the current industrial scenario, cadmium (Cd) as a metal is of great importance but poses a major threat to the ecosystem. However, the role of micronutrient − amino chelates such as iron − lysine (Fe − lys) in reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants was recently introduced. In the current experiment, the exogenous applications of Fe − lys i.e., 0 and10 mg L − 1, were examined, using an in vivo approach that involved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant response, sugar and osmolytes under the soil contaminated with varying levels of Cd i.e., 0, 50 and 100 µM using two different varieties of canola i.e., Sarbaz and Pea − 09. Results revealed that the increasing levels of Cd in the soil decreased plant growth and growth-related attributes and photosynthetic apparatus and also the soluble protein and soluble sugar. In contrast, the addition of different levels of Cd in the soil significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which induced oxidative damage in both varieties of canola i.e., Sarbaz and Pea − 09. However, canola plants increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and non-enzymatic compounds such as phenolic, flavonoid, proline, and anthocyanin, which scavenge the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cd toxicity can be overcome by the supplementation of Fe − lys, which significantly increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic machinery and sugar contents, and increased the activities of different antioxidative enzymes, even in the plants grown under different levels of Cd in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggested that the Fe − lys application can ameliorate Cd toxicity in canola and result in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress.