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The present paper investigates the steady laminar flow and thermal mixing performance of non-Newtonian Al2O3 nanofluids within a two-layer cross-channel micromixer, employing three-dimensional numerical simulations to solve the governing equations across a low Reynolds number range (0.1 to 50). It also addresses secondary flows and thermal mixing performance with two distinct inlet temperatures for thin nanofluids. Additionally, it explores how fluid properties and varying concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles impact thermal mixing efficiency and entropy generation. Simulations were conducted to optimize performance by adjusting the power law index (n) across different nanoparticle concentrations (1–5%). The findings show that magnetohydrodynamics can enhance mixing efficiency by generating vortices and altering flow behavior, providing important guidance for improving microfluidic system designs in practical applications.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that can occur intraventricularly, presenting diagnostic and management challenges. We describe a case of a 21-year-old male with no significant medical history who presented with intermittent headaches and vomiting, progressing to continuous symptoms. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Brain MRI revealed an isointense lesion in the occipital horn of the left lateral ventricle, diagnosed as an SFT. Surgical excision via a transcortical approach was successful, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. This case highlights the complexities in diagnosing and treating intraventricular SFTs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation and multimodal management strategies.

Purpose Oropharyngeal perforation is extremely rare but dreaded. The majority of previous reported cases were iatrogenic. Till now, there is no report of traumatic oropharyngeal perforation secondary to a cervical fracture. We report a case of oropharyngeal perforation identified in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods A 78-year-old patient falling from a bicycle was diagnosed with C2 fracture. The patient complained of neck pain, odynophagia and hoarseness. No neurological deficit was identified. Radiographic examinations showed a type I Hangman’s fracture of C2. Intraoperatively, an approximately 3 cm of perforation was identified in the oropharynx, exposing the orotracheal intubation tube. The perforation was then sutured using resorbable 5/0 thread without applying excessive tension on the wound edges, which was followed by a regular ACDF at the level of C2/C3. A nasogastric tube was inserted to prevent complications. The patient received intravenous antibiotic therapy and oral administration of ciprofloxacin to prevent infections. Results The oropharyngeal perforation was resolved with considerable improvement in clinical signs after surgery (Aiolfi et al. in World J Emerg Surg 12(1):1–7, 2017. 10.1186/S13017-017-0131-8/TABLES/5). Follow-up radiological evaluation confirmed solid fusion and cervical spine stability, as well as the closure of the perforation on radiopaque X-rays. Conclusion Oropharyngeal perforation caused by cervical fracture is an extremely rare complication. High intraoperative suspicion rate is required to identify perforations that might be missed by regular radiological diagnosis. The combination of upper endoscopy and barium swallow study yields an almost 100% diagnosis accuracy. Early surgical treatment is of paramount importance to prevent major complications, cervical fracture with lesions of the pharynx often associates with an ankylosing spondylarthritis.

The Ougnat Massif of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) hosts barite and sulfide vein-type deposits of vital economic importance. With over 150 mineralized structures reported in the Ougnat Massif, the ore-bearing ones are predominantly composed of barite, quartz, calcite, and minor portions of sulfides. The mineralized veins are driven by NW-SE and NE-SW to E-W oblique-slip opening faults that cross both the Precambrian basement and its Paleozoic cover. The mineralized structures occur as lenses and sigmoidal veins that follow stepped tension fracture sets oblique to the fault planes. These geometries and kinematic indicators of these structures point to a predominantly normal-sinistral opening in a brittle-ductile tectonic setting. The S isotopic compositions of barite from the Ougnat Massif (+10.8 to +19.5‰) fall mostly within the range of δ34S values of Late Triassic to Jurassic seawater, thus suggesting that some of the SO2− in barite comes from seawater sulfate. This range of δ34S values also corresponds approximately to the hydrothermal barite context. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of barite, which range from 0.710772 to 0.710816, lie between the radiogenic strontium isotopic compositions of deposition by hydrothermal solutions, and also coincide with the non-radiogenic isotopic signature of Triassic to Jurassic seawater. Based on a fluid inclusions study, the ore-forming fluids were a mixture of two or more fluids. A deep hot fluid with an average temperature of 368 °C leached the granodiorites and volcanic-sedimentary complex of the Ouarzazate Group. This fluid provided the hydrothermal system with most of the Ba, radiogenic Sr, and some of the dissolved S. A second, shallow fluid with an average temperature of 242 °C was derived from Late Triassic to Jurassic seawater. The barite mineralization of the Ougnat Massif constitutes a typical example of vein-type mineralization that occurred along the northern margin of the West African Craton and regionally tied to the central Atlantic opening.

In the central Saghro massif of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas belt, the Bou Skour polymetallic deposit is hosted within mafic to felsic rocks of the Ediacaran Saghro Group and the lower Ouarzazate Group together with Pan-African plutons and dykes. The mineralizations occur in a brittle-ductile shear zone as a vein-type system recently dated at 574 . 9 ± 2 . 4 Ma . In this contribution, a new multi-scale structural mapping and vein system analysis have been integrated to understand structural control and tectonic evolution of the Bou Skour deposit. The most important mineralized structures are known as “ Filon Principal ”, “ Filon 1 ”, and “ Filon 2 ” and are mainly hosted within NNW to NW transcrustal faults. They are represented as en-echelon tension gashes occasionally associated with horsetail satellite structures pointing to left-lateral strike-slip movement. The age and tectonic patterns are coherent with the NW–SE shortening of the last stage of the Pan-African orogeny rather than with post Pan-African events. Subsequent collapses and tilted blocks were accommodated by NE- to ENE normal and strike-slip faults in response to the Late Ediacaran–Cambrian extension events. Much later, probably during the Variscan or even Atlasic shortening, conjugated strike-slip reverse faults and related folds occurred, disrupting most of the rhyolitic dykes as well as the major mineralized structures.

This study aims to improve wagon unloading processes in a real industrial context characterized by operational variability, process constraints, and strict performance requirements. Traditional decision-making approaches in such contexts often rely on single performance indicators, which may lead to suboptimal and less sustainable decisions. In line with Industry 5.0 principles, which emphasize human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability, this paper proposes a multi-criteria decision framework to support more balanced and adaptive operational decisions. A real-world case study based on anonymized industrial data is used to evaluate different arrival-track operational configurations. The proposed model considers several indicators, including unloading time, throughput, tonnage, process variability, operational losses, and a proxy of operator exposure. To strengthen the human-centric dimension, an Operational Handling Exposure Proxy (OHEP) was introduced to capture manoeuvre-related operator exposure during wagon handling and batch repositioning. A weighted scoring system was then used to identify the most balanced configuration by considering trade-offs between performance, stability, losses and operator exposure. The results show that the arrival-track operational configuration influences loss structure, process stability and overall decision ranking more than direct throughput alone. Track 2 provides the best overall trade-off under the baseline MCDM weighting scheme, while Track 3 may become preferable when wagon-loss minimization is prioritized. The findings highlight the importance of integrating variability and human-centered indicators into industrial decision-making processes. In future work, the proposed framework could be extended using data-driven methods and machine learning to support predictive and adaptive optimization in Industry 5.0 environments. This study contributes to the literature by integrating real-world industrial analysis, multi-criteria decision-making, and sustainability-oriented optimization into a single decision support framework.

Scorpion envenomation poses a global public health issue, with an estimated 1,500,000 cases worldwide annually resulting in 2600 deaths. North Africa, particularly Morocco, experiences severe envenomations, mainly attributed to Androctonus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus in Morocco, and Buthus occitanus and Androctonus australis hector in Algeria and Tunisia, with case numbers often underestimated. Current treatment relies mainly on symptomatic approaches, except in Morocco, where management is limited to symptomatic treatment due to controversies regarding specific treatment. In Morocco, between 30,000 and 50,000 scorpion envenomation cases are reported annually, leading to hundreds of deaths, mainly among children. Controversies among clinicians persist regarding the appropriate course of action, often limiting treatments to symptomatic measures. The absence of a specific antivenom for the venoms of the most lethal scorpions further exacerbates the situation. This study aims to address this gap by developing a monovalent antivenom against the endemic and most dangerous scorpion, Androctonus mauretanicus. The antivenom was produced by immunizing albino rabbits with a mixture of Androctonus mauretanicus venom collected from high-risk areas in Morocco. Immunizations were performed by subcutaneous injections at multiple sites near the lymphatic system, following an immunization schedule. Production control of neutralizing antibody titers was conducted through immunodiffusion. Once a sufficient antibody titer was achieved, blood collection was performed, and the recovered plasma underwent affinity chromatography. The efficacy of purified IgG was evaluated by determining the ED50 in mice, complemented by histological and immunohistochemical studies on its ability to neutralize venom-induced tissue alterations and the neutralization of toxins bound to receptors in the studied organs. The monovalent antivenom demonstrated specificity against Androctonus mauretanicus venom and effective cross-protection against the venom of the scorpions Buthus occitanus and Androctonus australis hector, highly implicated in lethal envenomations in the Maghreb. This study shows that the developed monovalent antivenom exhibits notable efficacy against local scorpions and a surprising ability to neutralize the most lethal envenomations in North Africa. These results pave the way for a new, more specific, and promising therapeutic approach to countering severe scorpion envenomations, especially in Morocco, where specific treatment is lacking.

This note is a reply to the « Comment on The Cu-Pb-Zn-bearing veins of the Bou Skour deposit (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco): structural control and tectonic evolution  » by Hmidou El Ouardi et al., published in Comptes Rendus Géoscience in Volume 354, 2022, pages 119–123 ( https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.115 ). It concerns the article « The Cu-Pb-Zn-bearing veins of the Bou Skour deposit (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco): structural control and tectonic evolution » by Aabi et al., published online on May 04, 2021, in Comptes Rendus Geoscience in Volume 353, 2021, pages 81–99 ( https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.54 ).

Background Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a strong influence of origin, physical, and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions These results guide identifying suitable soils for the effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.

The allure of urban green spaces has captured the attention of researchers, especially in regions abundant in botanical wonders worldwide. Surprisingly, the case of Morocco, a country with a strong botanical tradition, has received little attention from researchers. Here, we explore the unique case of the emblematic “Majorelle Garden” in Marrakech, southern Morocco, through the reviews of its many visitors posted on the TripAdvisor platform. This article looks at the question “to what extent can a garden—such as the Majorelle—be a major attraction in a cultural tourist destination?”. Methodologically, we adopted a quantitative approach, examining visitors’ sentiments using the VADER tool from 2006 to 2023, and classifying them into three categories: negative, neutral, and positive. Furthermore, by utilizing LDA (latent dirichlet allocation), we uncover key topics running through visitors’ experiences. Our findings show that positive sentiments prevail, given the culturo-historical and symbolic quality of the garden as a crucible and vector of creativity, with the emergence of sub-corpuses that highlight certain divergences and convergences around the “Majorelle” case. This insight supports sustainability efforts by empowering the managers of the garden studied and industry professionals to develop and implement relevant strategies for managing and marketing the garden tourism attraction experience. In addition, this case study shows how a private urban garden reveals its key role in preserving cultural and botanical heritage, essential for future generations. It shows the garden’s positive impact on sustainable tourism through its ability to attract cultural visitors who appreciate and respect the local environment.