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This study explored APOE allele distribution and AD risk in an underrepresented Egyptian cohort. APOE ε3 was the most prevalent allele among AD cases and controls. Suggestive trends link APOE ε4 to AD susceptibility in Egyptians. This exploratory, hypothesis‐generating study provides a foundation for future APOE –AD investigations in Egypt.

Dementia poses a significant global health challenge, with increasing impact on individuals and healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate the metabolic profiles of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) patients in Egypt, seeking to identify connections between metabolic disruptions and environmental factors. Utilizing serum samples from 61 AD patients and 76 VaD patients compared to 100 healthy controls, the research employed untargeted LC-MS and generalized regression analysis. The findings revealed significant alterations in 59 metabolites in AD patients and 69 in VaD patients, including environmental contaminants. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis indicated distinct metabolic pathways affected in each group, such as amino acid metabolism in AD and purine metabolism in VaD. This research provides insights into the biological pathways and environmental agents linked to dementia, highlighting the need for diverse populations in metabolomic studies to improve prevention and intervention strategies globally.