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في ذكرى الشيخ زايد : \طيب الله ثراه\ /
في هذا الكتاب قام المؤلف بتلخيص بعض المشاعر والمواقف لصاحب السمو الشيخ خليفة بن زايد آل نهيان رئيس الدولة، تخليدا لذكرى القائد المؤسس الشيخ زايد طيب الله ثراه، ودولة الإمارات تمثل نموذجا فريدا للتعايش السلمي، وذلك ما جعل كل أبناء الجاليات بمختلف طوائفها يكنون الحب والتقدير لباني ومؤسس دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة.
BOOK
Khat consumption and undernutrition among adult population in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a public health threat causing a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and economic crisis. Simultaneously, khat consumption is alarmingly increasing among adults, yet it might contribute to the existing burden of malnutrition, where the current evidence is inconclusive. Hence, this review was to estimate the association between khat consumption and undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia.
A comprehensive search for Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed, coupled with a thorough manual search of the literature, was done up to date, October 18, 2023, using relevant search terms: \"impact,\" \"effects,\" \"khat chewing,\" \"khat consumption,\" \"Ethiopia,\" \"nutritional status,\" and \"undernutrition.\" An updated PRISMA guideline was used to select relevant literature. The extracted data was summarized in narrative summaries, descriptions, and meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed. The results are presented in forest plots and funnel plots to assess publication bias. A pooled effect size (odds ratio) with a 95% certainty level was reported.
While a total of 17 articles (n = 45,679) were included in the narrative review, only 15 articles were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The majority of studies had a low and moderate risk of bias (based on risk of bias assessment tool), mainly due to unclear exposure assessment and high study heterogeneity. A total of 11 studies were cross-sectional studies (71%), three were comparative studies (17.4%), and three were case control studies (17.4%). There is a higher risk of publication bias as evidenced by the funnel plot. Overall, five studies were from the Oromia region, and three studies were conducted at the national level. Overall, chewing had been shown to significantly increase the risk of undernutrition by 53% (pooled OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.09-2.16) under a random effect model. Under the fixed effect model, higher weight was given to national-level studies with higher samples, where chewing contributed to a 12% increased risk of undernutrition (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-2.23). Hence, khat chewing could raise the odds of undernutrition by 12-53%.
There is evidence of an association between khat chewing and an increased risk of undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia, which highlights the need for public health interventions to address the potential adverse effects of khat chewing on nutritional status.
Journal Article
Amharic dictionary & phrasebook
This combination Amharic phrasebook and two-way Amharic-English dictionary is an essential reference for visitors to Ethiopia. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Amharic is the official working language of Ethiopia, with approximately 30 million speakers. Amharic is the second most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. Unlike Arabic, however, Amharic is written left-to-right and uses a distinct script called Ge'ez script. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to Ethiopia with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Ideal for businesspeople, travelers, students, and aid workers, this guide includes: 4,000 dictionary entries with Amharic script, transliteration and English translation; phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers; essential phrases on topics such as introductions, transportation, dining out, business, and emergencies; and concise grammar and pronunciation sections. For 45 years, Hippocrene Books has specialized in bringing the world to our readers. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Currently available in 86 languages, including Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, Thai, Punjabi, Swahili, and Oromo.
Book
Blood substitutes: why haven’t we been more successful?
•HBOC therapeutics are intended to correct oxygen deficit.•Safety concerns slowed the development of these life-saving products.•Evidence is presented to show the dominance of oxidative toxicity.•Protein re-engineering and/or the use of antioxidants can control toxicity.
Persistent safety concerns have stalled the development of viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). HBOCs have several advantages over human blood, including availability, long-term storage, and lack of infectious risk. The basis of HBOC toxicity is poorly understood, however, several mechanisms have been suggested, including Hb extravasation across the blood vessel wall, scavenging of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), oversupply of oxygen, and heme-mediated oxidative side reactions. Although there are some in vitro and limited animal studies supporting these mechanisms, heme-mediated reactivity appears to provide an alternative path that can explain some of the observed pathophysiological changes. Moreover, recent mechanistic and animal studies support a role for globin and heme scavengers in controlling oxidative toxicity associated with Hb infusion.
Journal Article
Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among younger and older married youth women in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019
Utilization of modern contraceptives increases over time but it was still low and varies across ages among married youth woman. This study revealed the prevalence of modern contraceptives and its associated factors among younger and older married youth women.
A cross-sectional study design was applied to the sample of EMDHS 2019. Multilevel logistic regressions were carried out using STATA version 16 to identify the individual and community-level factors of modern contraceptive utilization. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significant determinants of modern contraceptive utilization.
In the EMDHS 2019, a total of 3290 married women between ages 15 and 34 were included. Among these 1210 (36.7%) and 2080 (63%) women, they were age groups of 15-24 and 25-34 years, respectively. Modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 15-24 and 25-34 years was 54.23% and 52.6%, respectively. Injection is a commonly used modern contraceptive method. In this study, factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 15-24 years include women who had primary education [AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.02-4.83], who had three or more children in the household [AOR = 14.29; 95% CI: 1.61-126.25], Protestants [AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14-0.61], five to seven households [AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.69], and region [AOR = 6.98; 95%:2.30-21.16]. On other hand, factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 25-34 were women who had one or two under-five children in the household [AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03-2.68] and region [AOR = 3.54; 95%CI: 1.79-6.97].
More than 50% of participants used modern contraceptives in both age groups and, the associated factor of modern contraceptive utilization varied among this age group. Health managers and policymakers need to consider age group, region, educational status, religion, and fertility level in planning of family planning program.
Journal Article
Indications and endoscopic findings of upper gastrointestinal diseases in Africa: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) plays a crucial role in diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the indications and findings UGIE, while exploring their regional distribution and temporal trend across Africa.
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis of pooled prevalence for various indications and endoscopic findings were analyzed from multiple studies in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Seventeen common indication were identified. Of these dyspepsia was the most prevalent indication 52.4%, followed by abdominal pain 17.4%, hematemesis 13.9%, and GERD symptoms 11.2%. Other indications included dysphagia 9.2%, vomiting 9.2, odynophagia 3.5%, and melena 6.2% were identified. Rare indications such as anemia 2.3%, weight loss 2.6% were also reported. Regarding endoscopic findings, thirty-one common findings were identified by UGIE. Gastritis (33.3%) was the most common findings followed by normal findings 21.8%, the third most common was PUD 15.1%, particularly duodenal ulcer (10%), gastric cancer 3.3% were also prevalent in stomach. Related to esophageal findings, GERD 9.6%, esophagitis 8.3%, esophageal varices 7.2% and esophageal cancer 6.1% were identified. Regional difference were apparent, with esophageal cancer prevalent in Eastern (10%) and Southern Africa (10%). Gastritis (45%) and GERD (18%) were more apparent and common in Northern Africa. Even though it is not significant, temporal trends showed an increase in prevalence of gastritis (26 to 36%) and esophagitis (6 to 10%) from 2000-2010 to 2011-2024.
Most UGIE indications resulted significant UGIT pathology. However, this analysis did not assess age, sex based indications and findings and their relationship among specific indications and UGIE findings. So, future analysis should focus on age and sex based difference in indications and findings, and explore their relationship among specific indication and corresponding UGIE findings.
Journal Article
βCysteine 93 in human hemoglobin: a gateway to oxidative stability in health and disease
βcysteine 93 residue plays a key role in oxygen (O2)-linked conformational changes in the hemoglobin (Hb) molecule. This solvent accessible residue is also a target for binding of thiol reagents that can remotely alter O2 affinity, cooperativity, and Hb's sensitivity to changes in pH. In recent years, βCys93 was assigned a new physiological role in the transport of nitric oxide (NO) through a process of S-nitrosylation as red blood cells (RBCs) travel from lungs to tissues. βCys93 is readily and irreversibly oxidized in the presence of a mild oxidant to cysteic acid, which causes destabilization of Hb resulting in improper protein folding and the loss of heme. Under these oxidative conditions, ferryl heme (HbFe4+), a higher oxidation state of Hb is formed together with its protein radical (.HbFe4+). This radical migrates to βCys93 and interacts with other “hotspot” amino acids that are highly susceptible to oxidative modifications. Oxidized βCys93 may therefore be used as a biomarker of oxidative stress, reflecting the deterioration of Hb within RBCs intended for transfusion or RBCs from patients with hemoglobinopathies. Site specific mutation of a redox active amino acid(s) to reduce the ferryl heme or direct chemical modifications that can shield βCys93 have been proposed to improve oxidative resistance of Hb and may offer a protective therapeutic strategy.
This mini-review summarizes the role of βcysteine 93 in oxidative stability of hemoglobin in human blood. βCys93 has been recognized as an end point for radicals originating from heme during oxidative stress and therefore it may be an important biological marker of oxidative stability of hemoglobin within red blood cells intended for transfusion or in hemoglobinopathies.
Journal Article
Intestinal Permeability, Inflammation and the Role of Nutrients
The interaction between host and external environment mainly occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, where the mucosal barrier has a critical role in many physiologic functions ranging from digestion, absorption, and metabolism. This barrier allows the passage and absorption of nutrients, but at the same time, it must regulate the contact between luminal antigens and the immune system, confining undesirable products to the lumen. Diet is an important regulator of the mucosal barrier, and the cross-talk among dietary factors, the immune system, and microbiota is crucial for the modulation of intestinal permeability and for the maintenance of gastrointestinal tract (GI) homeostasis. In the present review, we will discuss the role of a number of dietary nutrients that have been proposed as regulators of inflammation and epithelial barrier function. We will also consider the metabolic function of the microbiota, which is capable of elaborating the diverse nutrients and synthesizing products of great interest. Better knowledge of the influence of dietary nutrients on inflammation and barrier function can be important for the future development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with mucosal barrier dysfunction, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many GI and non-GI diseases.
Journal Article