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Older adults are at risk of committing cognitive and decision-making errors due to the decline in cognitive functions. However, the understanding of the determining factors of cognitive errors among ageing adults is limited. In this study, we explored the role of various psychiatric factors, life satisfaction, and other socioeconomic, health and behavioural risk factors of committing cognitive errors among middle-aged and older adults in India. The study utilized the data from the experimental module of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1 (2017–2018) with a sample of 12,754 adults aged 45 years and above. The cognitive error was measured using logical fallacies committed in the activity-based experiments. The study employed descriptive, bivariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with cognitive errors among the study participants. Depression (aOR = 1.28, 99%, CI: 1.16–1.41), life satisfaction (aOR = 0.99, 99%, CI: 0.98–1.00), and cognitive impairment (aOR = 1.13, 90% CI: 1.00–1.30) were significantly associated with higher odds of committing cognitive errors among the middle-aged and older adults. Also, ageing adults with low educational levels, functional limitations, sleep disturbances, smoking history, living in rural areas and belonging to scheduled tribes had a higher probability of committing cognitive errors. However, involvement in physical activity, reading habits and social interactions reduced the odds of cognitive errors among this sample. Mental health and well-being indicators, including depression, life satisfaction, cognitive impairment, and other health and behavioural health factors, determine cognitive errors among ageing adults. Programs and policies should be initiated to address these factors, reduce cognitive errors, and ensure active ageing.

The psychosocial aspects of men’s health and well-being have gained attention in the literature in recent years. However, evidence from developing countries is limited. Therefore, the present study attempted to understand the determining role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and masculinity on well-being factors, namely self-care and self-compassion among men, along with the moderating role of behavioral emotional regulation (BER) between masculinity and self-care. We adopted a cross-sectional study design. The data were collected from three countries, which are patriarchal societies, namely Ethiopia, India, and Oman, with a total sample size of 823 men between 18 and 45 years. Self-reported measures of the key variables were administered among the participants. We performed descriptive statistical analyses and path analysis. The ACEs were positively associated with masculinity (b = 1.544; 99% CI = 1.227–1.853), while it reduced the likelihood of self-compassion. Further, the increase in masculinity increased self-care (b = 0.195; 99% CI = 0.097- 0.295). However, the use of negative BER strategies reduced the likelihood of involvement in self-care (b=-1.185; 95% CI= -2.280- − 0.125) and changed the direction between masculinity and self-care (b=-0.644; 95% CI = − 0.988- − 0.279) acting as a moderator (b = 0.027; 95% CI = 0.003–0.051). The results suggest the importance of BER in effectively promoting self-care among men. Future self-care programs and interventions in the three nations should consider training men in BER. BER-focused interventions can facilitate positive coping among men and further enhance self-care and self-compassion.

Countries across the world, including India, are witnessing an increase in the cases of diabetes, posing public health challenges. Although diabetes is a metabolic disease, psychosocial factors are crucial in its management. Hence, the present study tried to identify the association of diabetes-related factors with life satisfaction and sleep disturbances among ageing adults living with diabetes in India. The data of adults aged 45 years and older living with diabetes (N = 8272) were extracted from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1 (2017-18). We conducted weighted least squares regression, t-test, and descriptive analysis. The likelihood of life satisfaction reduced with insulin usage (β = −.73, 99% CI: −1.16 to −.29), special diet (β = −.92, 99% CI: −1.31 to −.54), smoking habit, involvement in physical activity, depressive symptoms, lack of involvement in social activities and with duration of diabetes. The insulin usage (β = −.25, 99% CI: −.44 to −.07), special diet (β = −.22, 99% CI: −.38 to −.06), and involvement in physical activities decreased the probability of sleep disturbances, while alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and depressive symptoms escalated the likelihood of it. The evidence from this study underlines the links between diabetes and psychosocial factors. It signifies the importance of addressing such factors to ensure better glycemic control and the well-being of people living with diabetes.

The higher prevalence and incidents of chronic and life-threatening illnesses and the aging population living with morbidity and life-limiting conditions necessitate the need for care provisions like palliative care globally. Palliative care strives for the quality of life of patients with terminal illnesses and serious health conditions and their families. However, globally, access to palliative care remains very limited. The situation is similar in India, except for Kerala, where palliative care access to the needy population is almost universal. Kerala’s community palliative care model is globally acclaimed for its operation, which includes community participation and sustainability. The palliative care policy of Kerala, which was the first one in Asia, was a significant milestone in the palliative care movement of Kerala, as it mandated the interventions from government measures and further strengthened the community-managed palliative care interventions. The palliative care efforts in Kerala have significantly influenced the health scenario. However, discussion on the role of palliative care in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) is minimal. In this context, this article explores the policy and practices of palliative care in Kerala and its contribution to SDG-3, health and well-being. We have surrounded the discussion on the context of palliative care interventions and Sustainable Development Goal 3 through the unique features of the Kerala model of palliative care and its contribution to the healthcare scenario of the state. Through available literature and from the researchers’ first-hand experience, this article explores the reciprocity of palliative care interventions, policy, healthcare programs, and SDG-3. Documenting the potential of Kerala’s community-based palliative care for SDG-3 has implications for replications of this model in similar contexts.

Background With the increasing proportion of older adults in India, it becomes essential to get an insight into the various influencing factors of successful ageing. However, the literature on successful ageing is minuscule in the Indian context. The present study attempted to understand successful ageing in terms of active and productive ageing by exploring their determining factors. Methods The data were extracted from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave–1 (2017–2018). We utilized self-reported time use information from the experimental module of the LASI. A total of 7837 ageing adults were included in the study. We employed descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and a multinominal logistic regression model to examine the prevalence and the determinants of active and productive ageing. Results The prevalence of inactive ageing was higher among the Indian ageing population (57.47%), followed by active ageing (29.59%) and productive ageing (12.94%). Poor sleep quality and the prevalence of morbidity and disability limited the ageing population from attaining active and productive ageing. Engagement in physical activity was significantly associated with active and productive ageing (β = 0.83, 99% CI: -0.72–0.94 and β = 0.82, 99% CI: 0.66–0.98), respectively. Rural ageing adults were more likely to attain active ageing and less likely to attain productive ageing. Conclusion Engagement in physical activities among the ageing population shall be promoted to attain active and productive ageing. Since the rural ageing population were less likely to attain productive ageing than their urban counterparts, opportunities to participate in more formal economic activities in rural areas could be promoted for the wellbeing of the second demographic dividend.

Background Various physiological, psychological, and social changes accompany the process of aging. Widowhood, a significant life event, can profoundly influence the well-being of older adults. The loss of a spouse often leads to emotional distress, social isolation, and increased health risks. Therefore, the present study tried to explore the gender gap using decomposition analysis to understand the influence of duration of widowhood, psychosocial factors, health-related factors, and health behaviours on cognitive impairment among older widows. Methods This study utilized data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1, focusing on widowed older adults aged 60 and above ( N  = 7221). We conducted descriptive statistical analysis to understand the characteristics of the samples. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) and decomposition analysis were employed. Results The results suggest that being female likely increased the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.77, 99% CI = 1.26 – 2.47). The gender gap was mainly attributed to education level (no schooling; 42.64%), along with depressive symptoms, social participation, and functionality. In addition, the presence of everyday discrimination, depressive symptoms (OR = 1.38, 99% CI = 1.13 – 1.69), and low social participation (OR = 1.72, 99% CI = 1.42 – 2.09) increased the odds of cognitive impairment among widowed older adults. Conclusion The education level was the major factor in the gender gap in cognitive impairment among widowed older adults in India. The results indicate a need for tailored educational programs to promote lifelong learning among widowed older women.

Background A growing body of literature focuses on the role of benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in predicting adulthood well-being, in addition to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, cross-cultural differences are generally ignored in this endeavor. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of BCEs in predicting life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness. We also examined the potential of resilience and the role of hopelessness in mediating the relationship between BCE and life satisfaction. Methods A total of 850 university students from Turkey ( n  = 371), Portugal ( n  = 248), and India ( n  = 231), aged 17 to 58 years ( M  = 22.12, SD  = 4.41), participated in the study. Participants completed an online protocol consisting of measures to assess BCEs, life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness. Results BCEs, hopelessness, and life satisfaction have significantly differed among the samples based on the country of residence. BCEs were positively correlated to resilience and life satisfaction and negatively to hopelessness. In the sequential mediation model, after controlling for country and sex, resilience and hopelessness sequentially mediated the relationship between BCEs and life satisfaction. BCEs were associated with life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness across countries and sexes. The model explains 42.8% of the variability. Conclusion Despite differences between countries, BCEs are important predictors of adult well-being in all three countries and should be monitored along with ACE. Further, resilience seems to have an important role in lowering the negative consequences of lower BCEs and feelings of hopelessness, pointing to the need to strengthen psychological resilience among adults.

BackgroundMost individuals spend a significant amount of their time at work, and the dynamics at work can potentially influence their overall life, especially health and mental health. The present study tried to understand the association of the nature of work categorized as physically demanding, psychologically demanding, and environmentally hazardous on life satisfaction, cognitive functioning, and depressive symptoms among working middle-aged and older adults in India.MethodWe used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), Wave 1, collected between 2017 and 2018. The study sample consists of 28,653 working adults aged between 45 and 70. The study measures were assessed using standard tools. Linear regression analysis was employed.ResultsThe results indicate that individuals working in less physically demanding (β = 0.06, 99% CI = 0.02–0.09) and not hazardous environments (β = 0.15, 99% CI = 0.09–0.20) had better life satisfaction. Also, not being involved in hazardous work environments increased the likelihood of good cognitive functioning and reduced depressive symptoms (β= -0.17, 99% CI= -0.20- -0.15). However, samples involved in works requiring less psychological demand had an increased likelihood of reduced life satisfaction and increased depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study’s results highlight the importance of creating a conducive working environment for the ageing adults.

Background: The usage of solid cooking fuels is widely prevalent in low and middle-income countries, including India, and contributes to indoor air pollution (IAP), which has detrimental health effects. Moreover, time spent inside the house increases as people age. In this context, the present study tried to understand the association between exposure to indoor air pollution and unhealthy symptoms, including shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, fatigue, wheezing, and cough among middle-aged and older adults in India. Methods: We extracted the unit-level individual data (N = 63 790) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)-Wave 1 (2017-2018). The statistical analyses used were Chi-square test and binary logistic regression, which estimated the odds ratio to identify the determinants of the unhealthy symptoms. Results: The odds of shortness of breath (adjusted OR: 1.14, 99% CI: 1.05-1.23), dizziness (adjusted OR: 1.28, 99% CI: 1.21-1.35), fatigue (adjusted OR: 1.32, 99% CI: 1.26-1.39), wheezing (adjusted OR: 1.30, 99% CI: 1.19-1.42), and cough (adjusted OR: 1.36, 99% CI: 1.27-1.45) were higher among individuals from households where solid cooking fuels was used. Similarly, the odds of shortness of breath, headache, wheezing, and cough were higher among individuals with a household member who smoked inside the house. The results indicated that the odds of shortness of breath, headache, and cough were significantly lower among participants exposed to incense use. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we suggest developing programs to combat the sources of indoor air pollution and the associated unhealthy symptoms, especially in rural settings. It is also important to bring awareness and practice clean fuel usage at individual and community levels to improve population health. Plain language summary This study is the first of its kind to explore indoor air pollution and unhealthy symptoms among a large sample in India. We believe it will contribute significantly to the global literature on indoor pollution and health outcomes.