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This research introduces a novel hybrid system integrating solar drying, solar distillation, and photovoltaic thermal panels, aimed at drying agricultural products, producing clean drinking water, and conserving energy. The system enhances the drying air temperature using thermal energy storage materials and a solar dish concentrator connected to a hot water storage tank, ensuring continuous operation even after sunset. The solar distiller, equipped with energy storage materials and an air injection system, is integrated with an external condenser to condense water vapor before expulsion, thereby increasing freshwater productivity. The results revealed that the developed system achieved an accumulative freshwater productivity of 87.1 L per day. The rates of water removal from dried potato slices ranged from 0.18 to 0.91 kg/h between 8:00 am and 10:00 pm. Additionally, the system achieved a gain output ratio of 1.38, indicating a significant improvement in energy efficiency. This innovative system offers practical solutions to address energy and freshwater scarcity, especially in remote regions of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which are characterized by high solar irradiance. The implementation of such hybrid systems could contribute to sustainable development by reducing reliance on conventional energy sources and mitigating environmental pollution.

The present study aims to improve the palatable water production from the hemispherical cover solar distiller (HSD). To augment the palatable water produced from the hemispherical cover, a black sponge was utilized as a porous medium using different thicknesses, which augments the interfacial evaporation through the capillary effect of the water through the sponge. The rate of condensation of the hemispherical cover depends on the higher interaction of air from the ambient through wind velocity as the exposure area of the hemispherical cover is relatively higher as compared to the other traditional distillers. The rate of evaporation from the distillers depends on the interfacial materials used in the distillation unit, and this is achieved by using a highly porous black sponge to attain a higher evaporation rate. The thickness of the black porous sponge was optimized (1 to 4 cm), which was the operating parameter for better interfacial evaporation through the sponge, and the same has been compared to the conventional HSD without a porous sponge medium. Results showed a significant improvement in the evaporation rate using a porous medium as the palatable water produced from the HSD was improved by 72.29% using 3 cm as sponge thickness inside compared to the conventional HSD without the porous medium. The cumulative palatable water produced from the HSD using 3 cm as sponge thickness was found as 7150 mL/m 2 , whereas the conventional HSD without sponge, it was found as 4150 mL/m 2 . Moreover, using a porous sponge layer as an interfacial evaporation medium, the exergy and energy efficiencies were improved by about 512.87 and 70.53%, respectively. Similarly, with the influence of a porous sponge as an interfacial evaporation medium, the distilled water cost decreased by 41.67% more than the conventional HSD.

The traditional method of obtaining fresh water for drinking is by burning fossil fuels, emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. However, renewable energy is gaining more traction since it is available free of cost for producing fresh water. In this study, Al2O3 nanoparticles were distributed in a phase change material (paraffin wax) that had been fixed at a hemispherical distiller water basin. Three scenarios with three hemispherical distillers were examined. A conventional hemispherical distiller (CHD), a conventional hemispherical distiller with paraffin wax as a phase change material (CHD-PCM), and a conventional hemispherical distiller with PCM partially filled with Al2O3 nanoparticles (CHD-N-PCM) were tested under the same climatic conditions. The experimental results showed that CHD gave a daily yield of 4.85 L/m2/day, while CHD-PCM increased the yield to up to 6.2 L/m2/day with a 27.84% daily yield enhancement. The addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles to paraffin wax CHD-N-PCM improved hemispherical distillate yield up to 8.3 L/m2/day with a 71.13% increase over CHD yield.

The ability to make accurate energy predictions while considering all related energy factors allows production plants, regulatory bodies, and governments to meet energy demand and assess the effects of energy-saving initiatives. When energy consumption falls within normal parameters, it will be possible to use the developed model to predict energy consumption and develop improvements and mitigating measures for energy consumption. The objective of this model is to accurately predict energy consumption without data limitations and provide results that are easily interpretable. The proposed model is an implementation of the stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) snapshot ensemble combined with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and meta-learner. Hebrail and Berard’s Individual Household Electric-Power Consumption (IHEPC) dataset incorporated with weather data are used to analyse the model’s accuracy with predicting energy consumption. The model is trained, and the results measured using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) metrics are 0.020, 0.013, 0.017, and 0.999, respectively. The stacked LSTM snapshot ensemble performs better than the compared models based on prediction accuracy and minimized errors. The results of this study show that prediction accuracy is high, and the model’s stability is high as well. The model shows that high levels of accuracy prove accurate predictive ability, and together with high levels of stability, the model has good interpretability, which is not typically accounted for in models. However, this study shows that it can be inferred.

The current study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of 11(4-Aminophenylamino)neocryptolepine (APAN), a novel derivative of neocryptolepine, on hepatocellular (HepG2) and colon (HCT-116) carcinoma cell lines as well as, the possible molecular mechanism through which it exerts its cytotoxic activity. The APAN was synthesized and characterized based on their spectral analyses. Scanning for anticancer target of APAN by Swiss software indicated that APAN had highest affinity for protein tyrosine kinase 6 enzyme. Furthermore, Super pred software indicated that APAN can be indicated in hepatic and colorectal cells with 92%. Molecular docking studies indicated that the binding affinity scores of APAN for protein PDB code: 6CZ4 of tyrosine kinase 6 recorded of − 6.6084 and RMSD value of 0.8891°A, while that for protein PDB: 7JL7 of caspase 3 was − 6.1712 and RMSD of 0.8490°A. Treatment of HepG2 and HCT-116 cells with APAN induced cytotoxicity with IC50 of 2.6 and 1.82 μg/mL respectively. In addition, it induced injury and serious morphological changes in cells including, disappearance of microvilli, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic condensation, and shrunken nucleus with more condensed chromatin. Moreover, APAN significantly increased protein expression of annexin V (apoptotic marker). Furthermore, APAN significantly increased protein expression of caspase 3 and P53. However, it significantly reduced secretion of VEGF protein into the medium and decreased protein expression of PCNA and Ki67 in HepG2 and HCT-116 cells. This study indicated that APAN had cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and HCT-116 cells via increasing the expression of apoptotic proteins and reducing the expression of proliferative proteins.

The naturally occurring neocryptolepine (5-Methylindolo [2,3-b]quinoline) and its analogs exhibited prominent anticancer and antimalarial activity. However, the main problem of this class of compounds is their poor aqueous solubility, hampering their bioavailability and preventing their clinical development. To overcome the problem of insolubility and to improve the physicochemical and the pharmacological properties of 5-Methylindolo [2,3-b]quinoline compounds, this work was designed to encapsulate such efficient medical compounds into mesoporous silica oxide nanoemulsion (SiO2NPs). Thus, in this study, SiO2NPs was loaded with three different concentrations (0.2 g, 0.3, and 0.6 g) of 7b (denoted as NPA). The findings illustrated that the nanoparticles were formed with a spherical shape and exhibited small size (less than 500 nm) using a high concentration of the synthesized chemical compound (NPA, 0.6 g) and good stabilization against agglomeration (more than −30 mv). In addition, NPA-loaded SiO2NPs had no phase separation as observed by our naked eyes even after 30 days. The findings also revealed that the fabricated SiO2NPs could sustain the release of NPA at two different pH levels, 4.5 and 7.4. Additionally, the cell viability of the produced nanoemulsion system loaded with different concentrations of NPA was greater than SiO2NPs without loading, affirming that NPA had a positive impact on increasing the safety and cell viability of the whole nanoemulsion. Based on these obtained promising data, it can be considered that the prepared NPA-loaded SiO2NPs seem to have the potential for use as an effective anticancer drug nanosystem.

The current study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of 11-(1,4-bisaminopropylpiperazinyl)5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline (BAPPN), a novel derivative of 5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline, against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colon carcinoma (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines and the possible molecular mechanism through which it exerts its cytotoxic activity. BAPPN was synthesized and characterized with FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The binding affinity scores of BAPPN for caspase-3 PDB: 7JL7 was −7.836, with an RMSD of 1.483° A. In silico screening of ADME properties indicated that BAPPN showed promising oral bioavailability records in addition to their high gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier penetrability. BAPPN induced cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 3.3, 23, 3.1, and 9.96 μg/mL against cancer cells HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549, respectively. In addition, it induced cell injury and morphological changes in ultracellular structure, including cellular delayed activity, vanishing of membrane blebbing, microvilli, cytoplasmic condensation, and shrunken nucleus with more condensed chromatin autophagosomes. Furthermore, BAPPN significantly increased the protein expression of caspase-3 and tumor suppressor protein (P53). However, it significantly reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein into the medium and decreased the protein expression of proliferation cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 in HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549 cells. This study indicates that BAPPN has cytotoxic action against liver, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines via the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and P53, and the downregulation of proliferative proteins, VEGF, PCNA, and Ki67.

Background It is necessary to develop advanced therapies utilizing natural ingredients with anti-inflammatory qualities in order to lessen the negative effects of chemotherapeutics. Results The bioactive N1-(5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolin-11-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine hydrochloride (NIQBD) was synthesized. After that, soluble starch nanoparticles (StNPs) was used as a carrier for the synthesized NIQBD with different concentrations (50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg). The obtained StNPs loaded with different concentrations of NIQBD were coded as StNPs-1, StNPs-2, and StNPs-3. It was observed that, StNPs-1, StNPs-2, and StNPs-3 exhibited an average size of 246, 300, and 328 nm, respectively. Additionally, they also formed with homogeneity particles as depicted from polydispersity index values (PDI). The PDI values of StNPs-1, StNPs-2, and StNPs-3 are 0.298, 0.177, and 0.262, respectively. In vivo investigation of the potential properties of the different concentrations of StNPs loaded with NIQBD against MTX-induced inflammation in the lung and liver showed a statistically substantial increase in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) accompanied by a significant decrease in levels of oxidants such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), matrix metalloproteinase 9/Gelatinase B (MMP-9), and levels of inflammatory mediators including interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in both lung and liver tissues, and a significant decrease in levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) compared to the MTX-induced inflammation group. The highly significant results were obtained by treatment with a concentration of 200 mg/mL. Histopathological examination supported these results, where treatment showed minimal inflammatory infiltration and congestion in lung tissue, a mildly congested central vein, and mild activation of Kupffer cells in liver tissues. Conclusion Combining the treatment of MTX with natural antioxidant supplements may help reducing the associated oxidation and inflammation.

Researchers have focused on deriving environmentally benign materials from biomass waste and converting them into value-added materials. In this study, cellulosic crystals derived from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) are augmented with magnetite (M) nanoparticles. Following the co-precipitation route, the composite was prepared, and then the mixture was subjected to a green microwave solvent-less technique. Various mass ratios of SCB:M (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 1:2) were prepared and efficiently utilized as photocatalysts. To look at the structural and morphological properties of the prepared samples, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis were used to describe the composite fibers. SCB:M augmented with H2O2 as a Fenton reaction was used to eliminate Reactive blue 19 (RB19) from polluted water and was compared with pristine SCB and M. Additionally, the response surface methodology (RSM) statistically located and assessed the optimized parameters. The optimal operating conditions were recorded at pH 2.0 and 3:1 SCB: M with 40 mg/L and 100 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide. However, the temperature increase inhibits the oxidation reaction. The kinetic modeling fit showed the reaction following the second-order kinetic model with an energy barrier of 98.66 kJ/mol. The results show that such photocatalyst behavior is a promising candidate for treating textile effluent in practical applications.

Isatin–quinoline conjugates 10a–f and 11a–f were assembled by the reaction of N-(bromobutyl) isatin derivatives 3a, b with aminoquinolines 6a–c and their corresponding hydrazinyl 9a–c in good yields. The structures of the resulting conjugates were established by spectroscopic tools and showed data consistent with the proposed structures. In vitro antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains was evaluated. All tested conjugates showed significant biocidal activity with lower MIC than the first line drugs chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Conjugates 10a, 10b and 10f displayed the most potent activity against all clinical isolates. The antibiofilm activity for all tested conjugates was screened against the reference drug vancomycin using the MRSA strain. The results revealed that all conjugates had an inhibitory activity against biofilm formation and conjugate. Conjugate 11a showed 83.60% inhibition at 10 mg/mL. In addition, TEM studies were used to prove the mechanism of antibacterial action of conjugates 10a and 11a against (MRSA). Modeling procedures were performed on 10a–f and 11a–f and interestingly the results were nearly consistent with the biological activities. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed and revealed that the synthesized compounds 10a–f and 11a–f were considered drug-like molecules with promising bioavailability and high GI absorption. The results confirmed that the title compounds caused the disruption of bacterial cell membranes and could be used as potential leads for the further development and optimization of antibacterial agents.