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Objectives: This study explores how digital platforms, especially YouTube, influence public perception and trust in fatwas issued by institutions such as the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in an increasingly digital world. It specifically examines MUI fatwas on cryptocurrencies, vaccinations, and boycotts of Israeli products, assessing the impact of digital dissemination on these religious edicts. Methodology: This study employed qualitative content analysis using QSR NVivo 12, focusing on sentiment and thematic elements in YouTube discussions. The methodology incorporates sentiment coding to assess general perceptions and thematic coding to explore the nuances of digital dissemination, public understanding, and trust in religious guidance online. Results: The analysis indicates a predominantly negative sentiment within the Indonesian online community towards MUI's fatwas on vaccines, cryptocurrencies, and boycotting Israeli products. This negativity reflects a disconnect between the public's understanding and acceptance of these religious edicts. Additionally, variations in netizens' comprehension of religious and economic concepts significantly shape their responses to fatwas. This study highlights the need for broader education and more effective communication strategies concerning fatwas, stressing the importance of transparency and context. Originality: This research underscores the criticality of aligning fatwas with Indonesia's contemporary socio-economic and cultural contexts. It advocates for enhancing the capacity and credibility of fatwa institutions in the digital era, focusing on improving communicative capabilities and increasing religious knowledge to ensure fatwas' continued relevance and effectiveness in addressing contemporary challenges.

أهداف البحث: يستكشف هذا البحث كيف تؤثر المنصات الرقمية، وخاصة يوتيوب، على تصورات الجمهور وثقتهم في الفتاوى الصادرة عن مؤسسات مثل المجلس العلمي الإندونيسي (MUI) في عالم متزايد الرقمية. يركز بشكل خاص على فتاوى MUI حول العملات المشفرة والتطعيمات ومقاطعة المنتجات الإسرائيلية، مقيمًا تأثير النشر الرقمي على هذه الأحكام الدينية.منهج البحث: يستخدم البحث تحليل المحتوى النوعي باستخدام QSR NVivo 12، مركزًا على العناصر العاطفية والموضوعية في مناقشات يوتيوب. تتضمن المنهجية تشفير المشاعر لتقييم التصورات العامة وتشفير الموضوعات لاستكشاف دقائق النشر الرقمي وفهم الجمهور وثقته في التوجيه الديني عبر الإنترنت.النتائج: تشير التحليلات إلى سيادة المشاعر السلبية في المجتمع الإندونيسي عبر الإنترنت تجاه فتاوى MUI حول اللقاحات والعملات المشفرة ومقاطعة المنتجات الإسرائيلية. تعكس هذه السلبية فجوة في فهم وقبول هذه الأحكام الدينية بين الجمهور العام. كما أن التباين في فهم مستخدمي الإنترنت للمفاهيم الدينية والاقتصادية يؤثر بشكل كبير على ردودهم على هذه الفتاوى. يسلط البحث الضوء على الحاجة إلى تعليم أوسع واستراتيجيات اتصال أكثر فعالية فيما يتعلق بالفتاوى، مؤكدًا على أهمية الشفافية والسياق.أصالة البحث: يؤكد البحث على أهمية توافق الفتاوى مع القضايا الاجتماعية والاقتصادية المعاصرة والسياق الثقافي في إندونيسيا. يقترح تعزيز القدرة والمصداقية لمؤسسات الفتوى في العصر الرقمي، مركزًا على تحسين القدرات التواصلية وزيادة المعرفة الدينية للحفاظ على صلة وفعالية الفتاوى في مواجهة التحديات الحديثة.

World War I was one of the deadliest conflicts in the history of mankind. It was a substantial turning point in the political, cultural, economic, and social climate of the world. The war and its instantaneous repercussions sparkled several other revolutions around the world. The history of the world wars has been presented to the world through different ways throughout the years, but the historical documentation which was the written form of the WWI history was an archive documented by those who volunteered. These historical accounts, focusing greatly on numerical findings do not give much importance to the miserable aftermath that the common man had to suffer. Historical documentations of wars, being mostly objective in nature, usually suppress the problems of the common people including their struggles reducing their miseries to numbers and statistics. Down the ages, it is only through united struggles that the common lot have improved their conditions of existences which have been received by a blind eye. Unfortunately, these tribulations and struggles are again suppressed in historical documentations. The ideological conflicts which are concealed in history along with the sufferings of the common people get reflected in and through art. Art and its forms have always been the most justifiable means of communication suffering, violence and discrimination, and Literature, being the beautiful written form of Art, has been a very significant tool employed for conversing such details missed by history books. Many writers, over the centuries have attempted to paint the dark pictures of war and discrimination through their writings, and T. S. Eliot is one of them. T.S Eliot's, The Waste Land is a perfect example of an artistic documentation of the history of post world war I Europe, as well as the cultural history of the West and East in general. This paper is an attempt to examine T.S Eliot's The Waste Land, to trace the blemishes of war and its consequences on the modern man. This paper also attempts to prove how Literature fills the silences of history. The poem fixes the cultural setting of post I world war Europe in the map of cultural history of West and East, especially the anthropological factors.

Wastewater-based epidemiology is an innovative approach that uses the analysis of human excretion products in wastewater to obtain information about exposure to drugs in defined population groups. We developed and validated an analytical method for the detection and quantification of opioids (morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone and hydromorphone), and cannabinoids (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor- 9-carboxy- tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) and THCCOOH-glucuronide) in raw- influent wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation included linearity (5–1 000 ng/L for opioids, 10–1 000 ng/L for cannabinoids), imprecision (<21.2%), accuracy (83%–131%), matrix effect (from –35.1% to –14.7%) and extraction efficiency (25%–84%), limit of detection (1–5 ng/L) and quantification (5–10 ng/L) and auto-sampler stability (no loss detected). River, sewage overflow and wastewater samples were collected in triplicate from different locations in New York City and stored at -20 ?C until analysis. River water samples were negative for all the compounds. Water from sewage overflow location tested positive for morphine (10.7 ng/L), oxycodone (4.2–23.5 ng/L), oxymorphone (4.8 ng/L) and hydromorphone (4.2 ng/L). Wastewater samples tested positive for morphine (133.0– 258.3 ng/L), oxycodone (31.1– 63.6 ng/L), oxymorphone (16.0–56.8 ng/L), hydromorphone (6.8–18.0 ng/L), hydrocodone (4.0– 12.8 ng/L) and THCCOOH (168.2– 772.0 ng/L). This method is sensitive and specific for opioids and marijuana determination in wastewater samples.