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"Abdullah, Mohammed"
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Board Composition and ESG Disclosure in Saudi Arabia: The Moderating Role of Corporate Governance Reforms
There is an evolving trend of pursuing the transfer to sustainable development. Owing to this trend, and alongside the increasing monitoring by society, companies are progressively considering this new position in the capital market. Corporate governance mechanisms and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities have received extensive consideration. Using a sample of Saudi listed companies, this study examines the association between board composition (size, independence, and gender diversity) and ESG disclosure moderated by corporate governance reforms. Our reported results confirm that the size of a board and its level of independence have positive and significant impacts on ESG disclosure. Moreover, board gender diversity is found to be positively but insignificantly related with ESG disclosure. When the individual dimensions of ESG are considered, the results verify the significant role of board size and board independence and the insignificant impact of board gender diversity in environmental and social disclosures. Interestingly, all measures of board composition have a positive and significant impact on the governance disclosure score. The results also show that reforms of Saudi corporate governance positively and significantly moderate the board size and board independence–ESG relationship. Our results demonstrate that the enhancement of companies’ corporate governance will increase their ESG disclosures. This study offers perceptions from the outlook of a developing economy, Saudi Arabia, and presents theoretical and managerial implications for policymakers and investors.
Journal Article
Unity of the religions in knowing of al-dayyan (Allah)
This scholarly work explores the concept of Monotheism (Tawhid) from a comparative and universal perspective, focusing on the core essence of divinity as represented by the Name of God, \"Al-Dayyan\" (The Judge, The Requiter, The Governor). The author, Ahmed Mohammed Abdullah Awadh, argues that despite the diversity of religious practices and historical contexts, there is an underlying \"Unity of Religion\" regarding the knowledge and recognition of the Creator.
BOOK
Factors Influencing Adoption of Mobile Social Network Games (M-SNGs): The Role of Awareness
M-SNGs represent a high-edge technological application that has been incessantly implemented in the electronic game sector on the international level. In the persuasion towards gaining a competitive advantage in markets, M-SNGs sponsored companies should consider factors that influence citizens’ behavioural intention to use M-SNGs as successful adoption of M-SNGs relies considerably on the level to which users are completely motivated to accept it. However, in addition to the very few studies on the international level, there is only one study that directly examined this topic within the context of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors that influence the adoption of M-SNGs within the domain of Saudi Arabia. As such, it examines the influence of UTAUT2 independent factors (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, social influence, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions) as well as awareness factor as independent factor over dependent factor i.e. behavioural intention. Also, it examines the impact of awareness on performance expectancy. Data was collected via field survey questionnaire distributed to a convenient sample of 355 participants. The findings indicated that all proposed hypotheses are accepted and the effect of awareness over performance expectancy was the highest followed by the effect of social influence over behavioural intention.
Journal Article
Depression among Saudi international university students and its associated risk factors
Introduction
Depression disorders are one of the most widespread mental disorders among college students. In university students, depression has been associated with lower academic performance, worse work performance, and increased dropout risk. his study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and highlight risk factors among Saudi international university students (IUS) in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia.
Subject and methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi students who chose to study abroad. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to the students using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, specialty, etc.), medical characteristics, social status, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to assess the student's depression.
Results
Of the 401 students, 52.4% were younger (age 18 – 25 years), and more than half were males (53.9%). Most of the participants were studying in the US (46.6%), followed by the UK (40.6%) and Australia (12.7%). The rate of major depression among Saudi students studying abroad was 40.4%. In univariate analysis, major depression was influenced by age, marital status, specialty, personal and family history of mental illness, contact with family and friends, and feeling like a stranger. However, after conducting multivariate regression analysis, previous diagnoses of mental illness and feeling a stranger were identified as the significant independent risk factors for major depression.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression among Saudi IUS. The prevalence of major depression among Saudi IUS was 40.4%. Previous history of mental illness and feeling like strangers were identified as the most prominent risk factors in this study. Identifying the prevalence and contributing factors of depression can guide academic institutions and governments in the development of effective interventions and support for IUS’s mental well-being. Future research could diversify the sample and employ longitudinal designs.
Journal Article
DRAGON-MINE: Deep Reinforcement Adaptive Gradient Optimization Network for Mining Rare Events in Healthcare
The healthcare field is fraught with challenges associated with severe class imbalance, wherein such critical conditions like sepsis, cardiac arrest, and drug adverse reactions are rare but have dire clinical consequences. This paper presents a new framework, Deep Reinforcement Adaptive Gradient Optimization Network to Mining Rare Events (DRAGON-MINE), to demonstrate how deep reinforcement learning can be used synergistically with adaptive gradient optimization and address the inherent weaknesses of current methods in the prediction of rare health events. The suggested architecture uses a dual-pathway consisting of a reinforcement learning agent to dynamically reweigh samples and an adaptive gradient optimizer to follow novel learning rates. With extensive experiments on the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD datasets, DRAGON-MINE consistently outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods for sepsis, cardiac arrest, and adverse drug reaction prediction, achieving AUROC values of 92.3% and 91.6% for sepsis prediction on MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD, respectively, while consistently outperforming Transformer-, CNN-RNN-, and Fed-Ensemble-based methods across all evaluated tasks and datasets, with particularly strong gains observed in precision–recall performance under severe class imbalance. With its high sensitivity (88.4%) and specificity (90.2%), DRAGON-MINE enables reliable early warning of rare clinical events in critical care settings while minimizing false alarms, supporting safer clinical decision support systems, and demonstrating strong potential for scalable deployment across multi-institutional intensive care environments through federated learning.
Journal Article
Exogenous ascorbic acid induces systemic heat stress tolerance in tomato seedlings: transcriptional regulation mechanism
The current study was devoted to assessing the impact of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) in inducing systemic thermotolerance against acute heat stress in tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
) seedlings. There were four treatment groups including untreated control (CK), heat-stressed tomato (HS: exposure to 40 °C for 8 h), and treated with ascorbic acid (0.5 mM AsA), and the last group includes both the exogenous application of ascorbic acid and heat stress (AsA + HS). The HS led to leaf curling and mild wilting while plants treated with AsA displayed similar phenotype with control plants, approving that AsA eliminated the injurious effects of the heat stress. The oxidative damage to cell components was confirmed by higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index. Moreover, acute heat stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, and nutrient contents in tomato seedling leaves. In contrast, ascorbic acid postulated a priming effect on tomato roots and, substantially, alleviated heat stress effects on seedlings through reducing the oxidative damage and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid, proline, photosynthetic pigments, and upregulation of heat shock proteins in leaves. Ascorbic acid seems to be a key signaling molecule which enhanced the thermotolerance of tomato plants.
Journal Article
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) in a Semi-Urban Saudi Population
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in Saudi Arabia, causing a huge burden for individuals, families, and communities. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among a semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia. (2) Research methods: The research design was cross-sectional, and the research was conducted in five primary health care centers (PHCC) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was calculated as 353. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data after obtaining ethical approval. Blood samples were taken to assess glucose levels and other variables. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze data. (3) Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 34.6%. The disease was more prevalent among the older respondents compared with the younger age groups (44.6% versus 15.6%). We found that females acquire the disease at a slightly higher rate than males (34.9% versus 34.2%), but this difference is not statistically significant. The sociodemographic risk factors of the disease were as follows: old age (44%), business and private occupation (38.5%), divorced or widowed (56.3%), and low income (42.4%). The health behaviors factors were as follows: overweight or obese status (42.3%), high triglycerides (TG) (43.4%), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (37.3%), and high total cholesterol (23.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in these risk factors between patients with and without diabetes. (4) Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia is high. The disease is more prevalent among elderly respondents and is associated with obesity, high TG, low HDL, and high total cholesterol.
Journal Article