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The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented a great threat to the physical and mental health of the general population. Patients with chronic disease have always been vulnerable to stressful life conditions. Therefore, determining the perceived stress and coping strategies among chronic disease patients is crucial to minimize the mental health consequences related to the outbreak. This study aimed to determine COVID-19-related stress and coping strategies among adults with chronic disease in southwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 613 randomly selected adults with chronic disease in southwest Ethiopia. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the COVID-19-related stress score and coping strategy types, and independent sample -tests and ANOVA tests were conducted. Statistical significance was accepted at -values <0.05. More than two-thirds of study participants (68.4%) were moderately stressed, 13.9% were severely stressed, and 17.8% had low levels of perceived stress. Active coping ( =1.238, 95% CI: 0.0 to 2.477), denial ( =3.678, 95% CI: 2.44 to 4.915), behavioral disengagement ( =3.669, 95% CI: 2.193 to 5.146), self-blame ( =1.722, 95% CI: 0.146 to 3.297), and religion ( =3.443, 95% CI: 2.028 to 4.858) coping strategies positively predicted the COVID-19-related stress score. Only the acceptance coping strategy ( =-2.710, 95% CI: -3.926 to -1.493) negatively predicted the COVID-19-related stress score. Significant numbers of participants suffered from moderate to severe perceived stress levels due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategy types were significantly associated positively and negatively with perceived stress score among adults with chronic disease. There were significant differences in the mean scores of perceived stress and categories of variables such as family size, duration of disease, and age of the participants.

Background Inadequate dietary diversity intake during pregnancy increases risks of intrauterine growth restriction, abortion, low birth weight, preterm birth, prenatal and infant mortality,and morbidity and has long-lasting health impacts. Dietary diversity during pregnancy promotes the health status of the mother and her fetus. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 274 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Wacha primary hospital from January to February 2021. A systematic sampling method was used to select the study participants. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with maternal dietary diversity. Finally, multivariate logistic regression was done, and variables that showed P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result The magnitude of minimum dietary diversity was 51% (95% CI: 44.5, 56.7). The mean (±SD) minimum dietary diversity score was 4.5 (± 1.268) with a minimum of 1 anda maximum of 8 food groups consumed out of ten food groups. Age fewer than 25 years (AOR 4.649; 95% CI; 1.404, 15.396), and the age group between 25 to 34 years (AOR 3.624; 95% CI: 1.315, 10.269), husband age group of 26 to 34 years (AOR 2.238; 95% CI; 1.028,4.873), and 35 to 44 years (AOR 3.555; 95% CI; 1.228,10.292) and nutrition awareness of women (AOR 2.182; 95% CI; 1.243, 3.829) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. Conclusion The consumption of minimum dietary diversity of the pregnant mothers was found to be low. Women aged less than 25 and age between 25 to 34 years, husband’s age between 26 to 34 and 35 to 44 years, and nutrition awareness were the factors significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. Therefore, providing nutrition education and counseling service warranted to promote maternal dietary diversity.

Land use/land cover change and climate change have diverse impacts on the water resources of river basins. This study investigated the trends of climate change and land use/land cover change in the Nile River Basin. The climate trends were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator test and an innovative trend analysis method. Land use/land cover (LULC) change was examined using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) with a resolution of 30 m during 2012–2022. The findings revealed that forestland and shrub land area decreased by 5.18 and 2.39%, respectively. On the other hand, area of grassland, cropland, settlements and water bodies increased by 1.56, 6.18, 0.05 and 0.11%, respectively. A significant increasing trend in precipitation was observed at the Gondar (Z = 1.69) and Motta (Z = 0.93) stations. However, the trend was decreasing at the Adet (Z = −0.32), Dangla (Z = −0.37) and Bahir Dar stations. The trend in temperature increased at all stations. The significant changes in land use/land cover may be caused by human-induced activities in the basin.

This study investigated the annual and seasonal rainfall variability at five selected stations of Amhara Regional State, by using the innovative trend analysis method (ITAM), Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope estimator test. The result showed that the trend of annual rainfall was increasing in Gondar (Z = 1.69), Motta (Z = 0.93), and Bahir Dar (Z = 0.07) stations. However, the trends in Dangla (Z = −0.37) and Adet (Z = −0.32) stations showed a decreasing trend. As far as monthly and seasonal variability of rainfall are concerned, all the stations exhibited sensitivity of change. The trend of rainfall in May, June, July, August, and September was increasing. However, the trend on the rest of other months showed a decreasing trend. The increase in rainfall during Kiremt season, along with the decrease in number of rainy days, leads to an increase of extreme rainfall events over the region during 1980–2016. The consistency in rainfall trends over the study region confirms the robustness of the change in trends. Innovative trend analysis method is very crucial method for detecting the trends in rainfall time series data due to its potential to present the results in graphical format as well. The findings of this paper could help researchers to understand the annual and seasonal variability of rainfall over the study region and become a foundation for further studies.

Background The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infections (BSI) is a significant concern, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where inadequate control over antibiotic access, poor antimicrobial stewardship, and weak infection prevention measures worsen the issue. This study aims to assess prevalence, bacteriologic profile, and associated risk factors of MDR-gram negative isolates and carbapenem resistant gram-negative BSI admitted patients of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Comprehensive Hospital (TASH) a tertiary hospital in Adiss Ababa that uses disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Methods A single-center cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the medical wards of TASH from September 1, 2021, to September 1, 2023. The gram-negative blood isolates of 137 patients were compared for clinical profiles, demographics, comorbidities, admission sites, sepsis or septic shock, use of instrumentation, surgical procedures, prior antibiotics, hospital stay length, and immunosuppressive therapy as risk factors for gram-negative BSI. Multidrug resistance and carbapenem resistance rates and associated risk factors were determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were retrieved, and clinical parameters were retrieved from electronic medical databases and patient medical cards. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26. Results A total of 137 gram-negative blood culture isolates were identified during the study period. Most blood cultures were from the Emergency Room (29.2%). Prior antibiotic exposure was recorded in 25% of participants. Escherichia coli (33%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.1%) were the most common isolates. Carbapenem resistance was 58.1%. The total MDR rate was 111 gram-negative blood culture isolates(81%). Carbapenem resistance rates were 77.4% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 47.8% for Escherichia coli . Risk factors for MDR gram-negative BSI included hematologic malignancy (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.12–4.27), Enterobacterales (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.57–34.18), and ICU admission (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.24–16.56). Risk factors for carbapenem resistance included immunosuppressive treatment (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.24–3.78), prior Cefepime use (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.27–41.24), CNS shunt devices (AOR = 12.4, 95% CI = 4.26–22.56), and Acinetobacter spp. infection (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.19–14.63). Conclusions The study highlighted the growing prevalence of MDR and Carbapenem resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections in a hospital with limited resources. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for effective antimicrobial surveillance and infection control measures throughout the country.

Background Partographs should be used universally to monitor the mother and fetus’s conditions during delivery. However, its application in different parts of the world, including Ethiopia, is inconsistent. Moreover, its magnitude has not been determined in study area. As a result, the aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of partograph and associated factors among obstetric caregivers in public health institutions of Southwest Ethiopian. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Southwest Ethiopia from March 1st to June 30th, 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data on background characteristics, knowledge of partograph, and partograph utilization. The collected data were entered into an EPI Info and analysed using SPSS Version 22. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Frequencies, tables, and graphs were used to present the final results. To determine statistical significance, a P -value of less than 0.05 was used. Result The response rate of this study was 393(92.2 %). The magnitude of utilization of partograph was 43 % with (95 % CI: 38.4, 48.1). According to the multivariate analysis being nurse or health officer [AOR = 0.37(0.21, 0.66)], degree level educational qualification [AOR = 0.32 (0.17, 0.60)], being trainined on partograph [Adjusted OR = 7.83 (95 % CI: (4.54, 13.50)], good knowledge about partograph [AOR = 5.84 (95 % CI: (3.27, 10.44)] and working at health center [AOR = 1.99 (95 % CI: (1.12, 3.52)] were found as determinants of partograph utilization. Conclusions The magnitude of partograph utilization among obstetric caregivers was found to be low in this study. Partograph utilization was determined by the type of profession, qualification level, knowledge of partograph, in-service training, and type of institution. To ensure its regular, obstetric caregivers must receive training and gain knowledge about it.

Despite mortality in intensive care units (ICU) being a global public health problem, it is higher in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, insufficient evidence is established concerning mortality in the ICU and its predictors. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of ICU mortality and its predictors among patients at Tibebe Ghion specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from February 24th, 2019, to January 24th, 2021. Data were collected from medical records by using pretested structured data retrieval checklist. The collected data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using R version 4.0 software. Descriptive statistics computed. A simple logistic analysis was run (at 95% CI and p -value < 0.05) to identify the determinants for ICU mortality. A total of 568 study participants’ charts were reviewed. The median length of ICU stay was four days. Head trauma and shock were the leading causes of ICU admissions and mortality. The overall mortality rate of the ICU-admitted patients was 29.6% (95% CI: 26%, 33%). Admission in 2020 (AOR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.31, 0.85), having altered mentation (AOR = 13.44; 95%CI: 5.77, 31.27), mechanical ventilation required at admission (AOR = 4.11; 95%CI: 2.63, 6.43), and stayed < 5 days in the ICU (AOR = 3.74; 95%CI: 2.31, 6.06) were significantly associated with ICU mortality. The magnitude of the ICU mortality rate was moderate. Years of admission, altered mentation, mechanical ventilation required at admission, and days of stay in the ICU were the predictors for ICU mortality. This finding underscores the importance of interventions to reduce ICU mortality.

Introduction Penile zipper injuries are relatively common in pediatric patients; however, most are successfully managed conservatively. These injuries typically occur when the foreskin or penile shaft becomes entrapped within the zipper mechanism and are most frequently reported in children aged two to twelve years. While most cases are amenable to conservative management, a subset requires surgical intervention. We present a case of a 10-year-old boy with severe penile zipper entrapment that necessitated emergency circumcision following unsuccessful attempts at conservative mechanical release Case presentation A non-circumcised 10-year-old boy presented to the Emergency Department after entrapping his penile skin in the zipper of his trousers while dressing. On examination, 4 cm of the dorsal skin was caught, resulting in anxiety, pain, and minor bleeding. Despite attempts to free the tissue using local anesthesia and lubricants, surgical intervention became necessary. Conclusion Penile zipper entrapment is an uncommon but potentially distressing injury in children. While most cases can be managed conservatively, emergency circumcision may be required when standard release techniques fail, particularly in resource-limited settings. This case contributes to the limited literature on operative management of penile zipper injuries and underscores the importance of prompt intervention and appropriate family counselling.

Background This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, determinants of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and the survival of tuberculosis patients until drug-induced hepatitis. Methods Prospective cohort study design was implemented. The data were collected from September 2016 – May 2019. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Baseline data were collected before the patient starts DOTS, the sign of liver toxicity was assessed every week. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and WHO clinical stage was recorded at the end of 6th months. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C viral infections and their effect on tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of hepatitis B and C infections. The Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival of tuberculosis patient and Cox regression was used to identify the predictors of drug-induced hepatitis. Results A total of 3537 tuberculosis patients were followed. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection among tuberculosis patients were 15.1 and 17.3% respectively. Hepatitis B viral infection among tuberculosis patients was associated with alcohol, sex, HIV, chronic illness. Hepatitis C viral infection among tuberculosis patients was associated with alcohol, sex, HIV, chronic illness. The incidence density for liver toxicity among tuberculosis patients was 843/15707 person-months and liver toxicity was determined by HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, the severity of tuberculosis and chronic illnesses. Conclusion Decision-makers should consider incorporating screening for hepatitis B and C viral infection during tuberculosis treatment.

Background and Aims Foodborne illnesses are widespread in both developed and developing countries. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data about food hygiene practices among food handlers in public catering establishments in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Consequently, this research seeks to evaluate the extent of food hygiene practices and the associated factors among food handlers in public food and beverage establishments in Mizan‐Aman town, Southwest Ethiopia, in 2023. Methodology This study employed an institution‐based cross‐sectional design involving 372 food handlers. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique from individuals employed at randomly chosen public food catering establishments. The data were subsequently entered into Epi Data Version 3.02 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for further analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Variables with a p‐value of less than 0.25 were included in a multiple binary logistic regression model. Significant factors were ultimately determined based on a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p‐value of less than 0.05. Results The prevalence of good food hygiene practices among food handlers working in public food and drink establishments in the study area was 64.6%. An average monthly income of ≥ 1100 ETB (AOR = 5.22; 95% CI = 2.40–11.34, p‐value < 0.001), attendance at training (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.74–10.17, p‐value = 0.001), and the availability of a separate dressing room (AOR = 4.89; 95% CI = 1.88, 12.72, p‐value = 0.001) were significantly associated with good food hygiene practices. Conclusion This study showed the prevalence of good food hygiene practices among food handlers who work in public food and drink establishments in Mizan‐Aman town was low. The variables such as average monthly income of ≥ 1100 ETB, ever attended training on food hygiene, and having a separate dressing room in the facility were significantly associated factors for good food hygiene practice in the study area.