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BULLKID is a cryogenic, solid-state detector designed for direct searches of particle Dark Matter candidates, with mass ≲ 1 GeV/c 2 , and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. It is based on an array of dice carved in 5 mm thick silicon crystal, sensed by phonon-mediated Kinetic Inductance Detectors. In previous works, the array was calibrated with bursts of optical photons, which are absorbed in the first hundreds nanometers of the dice and give rise to surface events. In this work, we present the reconstruction of bulk events through the 59.5 keV γ -ray generated by an 241 Am source, which emulates more closely the interaction of Dark Matter and neutrinos. The peak resolution is 5 % ( σ ) and its position is shifted by less than 10 % with respect to the optical calibration. We observe that the resolution is further improved by a factor 2 combining the signal from neighboring dice. These results confirm the performance of the detector in view of the physics goals of the BULLKID-DM experiment for dark matter search.

BULLKID-DM is an experiment designed for the direct searches of particle dark matter candidates with mass around 1 GeV, or below, and cross-section with nucleons smaller than \\(10^{-40}\\) cm\\(^2\\). The detector consists of a stack of diced silicon wafers, acting as arrays of particle absorbers, sensed by multiplexed Kinetic Inductance Detectors. The target will amount to 800 g subdivided in more than 2000 silicon dice, with the aim of controlling the background from natural radioactivity by creating a fully active structure and by applying fiducialization techniques. In this work we present the projected sensitivity of BULLKID-DM to light WIMP-like particles considering also the other future experiments in the field.

The BULLKID-DM experiment aims to detect WIMP-like potential Dark Matter particles with masses below 1 GeV/c^2. Sensing these particles is challenging, as it requires nuclear recoil detectors characterized by high exposure and an energy threshold in the order of 100 eV, thus exceeding the capabilities of conventional semiconductor detectors. BULLKID-DM intends to tackle this challenge by using cryogenic Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) with exceptional energy thresholds to sense a target with a total mass of 800 g across 16 wafers, divided into over 2000 individually instrumented silicon dice. The MKIDs on each wafer are coupled to a single transmission line and read using a frequency division multiplexing approach by the room-temperature data acquisition. In this contribution, we describe and assess the design of the room-temperature readout electronics system, including the selected hardware components and the FPGA firmware which contains the real-time signal processing stages for tone generation, frequency demultiplexing, and event triggering. We evaluate the system on the ZCU216 board, a commercial evaluation card built around a Radio-Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) with integrated high-speed DACs and ADCs, and connected it to a custom-designed analog front-end for signal conditioning.

BULLKID is a cryogenic, solid-state detector designed for direct searches of particle Dark Matter candidates, with mass \\( 1\\) GeV/c\\(^2\\), and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. It is based on an array of dice carved in 5 mm thick silicon crystal, sensed by phonon-mediated Kinetic Inductance Detectors. In previous works, the array was calibrated with bursts of optical photons, which are absorbed in the first hundreds nanometers of the dice and give rise to surface events. In this work, we present the reconstruction of bulk events through the 59.5 keV \\(\\)-ray generated by an \\(^241\\)Am source, which emulates more closely the interaction of Dark Matter and neutrinos. The peak resolution is \\(5\\%~()\\) and its position is shifted by less than \\(10\\%\\) with respect to the optical calibration. We observe that the resolution is further improved by a factor \\(2\\) combining the signal from neighboring dice. These results confirm the performance of the detector in view of the physics goals of the BULLKID-DM experiment for dark matter search.