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We study the prospects of searches for exotic long-lived particles with the MoEDAL detector at the LHC, assuming the integrated luminosity of 30 fb - 1 that is expected at the end of Run 3. MoEDAL incorporates nuclear track detectors deployed a few metres away from the interaction point, which are sensitive to any highly-ionizing particles. Hence MoEDAL is able to detect singly- or doubly-charged particles with low velocities β < 0.15 or < 0.3 , respectively, and lifetimes larger than O ( 1 ) m / c . We examine the MoEDAL sensitivity to various singly-charged supersymmetric particles with long lifetimes and to several types of doubly-charged long-lived particles with different spins and SU(2) charges. We compare the prospective MoEDAL mass reaches to current limits from ATLAS and CMS, which involve auxiliary analysis assumptions. MoEDAL searches for doubly-charged fermions are particularly competitive.

A bstract A longstanding question in superstring/ M theory is does it predict supersymmetry below the string scale? We formulate and discuss a necessary condition for this to be true; this is the mathematical conjecture that all stable, compact Ricci flat manifolds have special holonomy in dimensions below eleven. Almost equivalent is the proposal that the landscape of all geometric, stable, string/ M theory compactifications to Minkowski spacetime (at leading order) are supersymmetric. For simply connected manifolds, we collect together a number of physically relevant mathematical results, emphasising some key outstanding problems and perhaps less well known results. For non-simply connected, non-supersymmetric Ricci flat manifolds we demonstrate that many cases suffer from generalised Witten bubble of nothing instabilities.

Abstract Ricci flat manifolds of special holonomy are a rich framework as models of the extra dimensions in string/M-theory. At special points in vacuum moduli space, special kinds of singularities occur and demand a physical interpretation. In this paper we show that the topologically distinct G 2-holonomy manifolds arising from desingularisations of codimension four orbifold singularities due to Joyce and Karigiannis correspond physically to Coulomb and Higgs phases of four dimensional gauge theories. The results suggest generalisations of the Joyce-Karigiannis construction to arbitrary ADE-singularities and higher order twists which we explore in detail in explicitly solvable local models. These models allow us to derive an isomorphism between moduli spaces of Ricci flat metrics on these non-compact G 2-manifolds and flat ADE-connections on compact flat 3-manifolds which we establish explicitly for SU(n).

A bstract Ricci flat manifolds of special holonomy are a rich framework as models of the extra dimensions in string/ M -theory. At special points in vacuum moduli space, special kinds of singularities occur and demand a physical interpretation. In this paper we show that the topologically distinct G 2 -holonomy manifolds arising from desingularisations of codimension four orbifold singularities due to Joyce and Karigiannis correspond physically to Coulomb and Higgs phases of four dimensional gauge theories. The results suggest generalisations of the Joyce-Karigiannis construction to arbitrary ADE-singularities and higher order twists which we explore in detail in explicitly solvable local models. These models allow us to derive an isomorphism between moduli spaces of Ricci flat metrics on these non-compact G 2 -manifolds and flat ADE-connections on compact flat 3-manifolds which we establish explicitly for SU( n ).

Sonochemical synthesis of nitrogen doped zinc oxide (ZnO:N) nanorods using acetate and nitrate of the starting materials is reported. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO in both the cases whereas the crystallite size is found to be greater in acetate route. Precursor dependent growth process is observed as the time period for precipitation is found to be different with different starting materials. Electron microscopic studies show the formation of rod like structures of ZnO and ZnO:N in both acetate and nitrate routes. But, high aspect ratio and uniformity in the morphology of ZnO:N nanorods is observed in acetate route. High resolution images and selected area diffraction patterns of ZnO:N illustrate the nanorods to be c-axis oriented in both the cases. But in nitrate medium, the growth along [0001] direction is affected due to the adsorption of NO 3 − ions onto polar Zn 2+ surface leading to smaller length of the nanorods. FTIR studies also support these results showing the existence of sharp N–O symmetric stretching in ZnO:N in nitrate route. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show red shift of excitonic emission band for ZnO in acetate route.

Abstract A recent theorem of Foscolo-Haskins-Nordström [1] which constructs complete G 2-holonomy orbifolds from circle bundles over Calabi-Yau cones can be utilised to construct and investigate a large class of generalisations of the M-theory flop transition. We see that in many cases a UV perturbative gauge theory appears to have an infrared dual described by a smooth G 2-holonomy background in M-theory. Various physical checks of this proposal are carried out affirmatively.

A bstract A recent theorem of Foscolo-Haskins-Nordström [ 1 ] which constructs complete G 2 -holonomy orbifolds from circle bundles over Calabi-Yau cones can be utilised to construct and investigate a large class of generalisations of the M -theory flop transition. We see that in many cases a UV perturbative gauge theory appears to have an infrared dual described by a smooth G 2 -holonomy background in M -theory. Various physical checks of this proposal are carried out affirmatively.

This paper describes precision measurements of the transverse momentum $p_\\mathrm {T}^{\\ell \\ell }$ ($\\ell =e,\\mu $) and of the angular variable $\\phi ^{*}_{\\eta }$ distributions of Drell-Yan lepton pairs in a mass range of 66-116 GeV. The analysis uses data from 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt{s}=13\\,$TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. Measurements in electron-pair and muon-pair final states are performed in the same fiducial volumes, corrected for detector effects, and combined. Compared to previous measurements in proton-proton collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=7$ and $8\\,$TeV, these new measurements probe perturbative QCD at a higher centre-of-mass energy with a different composition of initial states. They reach a precision of 0.2$\\%$ for the normalized spectra at low values of $p_\\mathrm {T}^{\\ell \\ell }$. The data are compared with different QCD predictions, where it is found that predictions based on resummation approaches can describe the full spectrum within uncertainties.

Azadirachta indica, a plant used widely in Ayurveda, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and adaptogenic properties. The present study evaluates its hepatoprotective role. Fresh juice of tender leaves of Azadirachta indica (200 mg/kg body wt. p.o.) inhibited paracetamol (2 g/kg body wt. p.o.)-induced lipid peroxidation and prevented depletion of sulfhydryl groups in liver cells. There was an increase in serum marker enzymes of hepatic damage (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) after paracetamol administration. Azadirachta indica pretreatment stabilized the serum levels of these enzymes. Histopathological observations of liver tissues corroborated these findings.

A likelihood-based discriminant for the identification of quark- and gluon-initiated jets is built and validated using 4.7 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collision data at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data samples with enriched quark or gluon content are used in the construction and validation of templates of jet properties that are the input to the likelihood-based discriminant. The discriminating power of the jet tagger is established in both data and Monte Carlo samples within a systematic uncertainty of [Formula: see text] 10-20 %. In data, light-quark jets can be tagged with an efficiency of [Formula: see text] while achieving a gluon-jet mis-tag rate of [Formula: see text] in a [Formula: see text] range between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for jets in the acceptance of the tracker. The rejection of gluon-jets found in the data is significantly below what is attainable using a Pythia 6 Monte Carlo simulation, where gluon-jet mis-tag rates of 10 % can be reached for a 50 % selection efficiency of light-quark jets using the same jet properties.