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: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO ) is the greatest rate at which the body can use oxygen and is an indicator of aerobic power. Although aerobic fitness is such a valuable determinant of health, there is limited research with established normative values for a healthy young adult Canadian population. The purpose of the study was to develop normative reference values for a Canadian young-adult population. : 550 undergraduate student (280 male and 270 female) participants, with a mean body mass (BM) of 72.08 ± 15.05 kg, mean age of 21.16 ± 1.26 years old and mean height of 171.95 ± 10.25 cm completed a VO test using the Bruce treadmill protocol. Male and female classifications were established for the total exercise time in minutes and for the measured VO using percentiles and a seven-category classification system. : There were statistically significant differences between the sexes for VO values (p < 0.001). The measured assessment for the healthy young Canadian adults showed a mean VO value of 40.90 ± 7.50 mL/kg/min for females and 49.89 ± 9.20 mL/kg/min for males. Females were able to withstand the exercise protocol for a mean of 11.92 ± 1.97 minutes, while males exercised for an average of 14.33 ± 2.40 minutes before the test was terminated. : This study provides specific normative values for the aerobic fitness of a university aged Canadian population which can be used as reference values for cardiovascular health and fitness assessments.

: The purpose of this study was to examine a large cohort of young Canadian adults to determine if exercise time from a maximal Bruce Treadmill Protocol could accurately predict measured VO values by inputting the total exercise time into prediction equations and a nomogram. : 550 kinesiology undergraduate student (280 male and 270 female) participants, with a mean body mass (BM) of 72.08 ± 15.05 kg, mean age of 21.16 ± 1.26 years old and mean height of 171.95 ± 10.25 cm completed a maximal graded exercise test to obtain their VO (measured). Predicted VO was calculated with various equations using the variable of total exercise test time. Linear regression models were created to determine how well the predicted VO2max values compared to the measured values. : Across all VO calculation methods, males obtained higher VO2max values on both the measured (49.89 ± 9.21 mL/ kg/min) and predicted values (46.04–55.40 mL/kg/min) and exercised for a longer duration of time (14.33 minutes) compared to females (40.89 ± 7.50 mL/kg/min, 38.87–48.36 mL/kg/min, 11.92 minutes). Classifications and percentile rankings were created using each measured and predicted method. : The Healthy Persons Equation [ ], Healthy Men and Women Equation [ ], Active and Sedentary Women/Men Equations [ , ] and nomogram [ ] cannot accurately predict VO in healthy young adults, with R values between 0.38–0.50. The Healthy Persons Equation [ ] was found to very closely mimic the seven-category classifications determined from the measured CPET VO2max values.

Study aim : The purpose of this study was to examine a large cohort of young Canadian adults to determine if exercise time from a maximal Bruce Treadmill Protocol could accurately predict measured VO 2max values by inputting the total exercise time into prediction equations and a nomogram. Materials and methods : 550 kinesiology undergraduate student (280 male and 270 female) participants, with a mean body mass (BM) of 72.08 ± 15.05 kg, mean age of 21.16 ± 1.26 years old and mean height of 171.95 ± 10.25 cm completed a maximal graded exercise test to obtain their VO 2max (measured). Predicted VO 2max was calculated with various equations using the variable of total exercise test time. Linear regression models were created to determine how well the predicted VO2max values compared to the measured values. Results : Across all VO 2max calculation methods, males obtained higher VO2max values on both the measured (49.89 ± 9.21 mL/ kg/min) and predicted values (46.04–55.40 mL/kg/min) and exercised for a longer duration of time (14.33 minutes) compared to females (40.89 ± 7.50 mL/kg/min, 38.87–48.36 mL/kg/min, 11.92 minutes). Classifications and percentile rankings were created using each measured and predicted method. Conclusions : The Healthy Persons Equation [6], Healthy Men and Women Equation [2], Active and Sedentary Women/Men Equations [10, 22] and nomogram [13] cannot accurately predict VO 2max in healthy young adults, with R 2 values between 0.38–0.50. The Healthy Persons Equation [6] was found to very closely mimic the seven-category classifications determined from the measured CPET VO2max values.

Background In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), direct intracoronary bolus administration of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist abciximab is associated with a reduction in infarct size, better myocardial salvage, less microvascular obstruction and improved myocardial blush grade as compared to intravenous bolus injection, presumably caused by higher local drug concentrations leading to a more pronounced inhibition of platelet aggregation. We investigated whether there are differences in the degree of GP IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy and platelet inhibition in blood drawn from the coronary sinus (CS) shortly after intracoronary versus intravenous abciximab bolus administration. Methods A total of 16 patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 12 h of symptom onset underwent blood sampling from the CS before, immediately after and 30 min after abciximab bolus administration (intracoronary bolus: n  = 8 patients; intravenous bolus: n  = 8 patients). Results Immediately after bolus application, GP IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy in CS blood was significantly higher in patients who received direct intracoronary bolus injection compared to administration via a peripheral vein (intracoronary bolus: 93.5% [IQR 92.7–95.4]; intravenous bolus: 74.0% [IQR 17.6–94.0], p  = 0.04). The degree of platelet inhibition was also markedly higher with intracoronary compared to intravenous dosing. At late sampling after 30 min no significant differences were found between groups for both platelet reactivity and GP IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy. Conclusions Acutely, direct intracoronary bolus injection resulted in a more pronounced local inhibition of platelet function and a higher degree of GP IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy as compared to standard intravenous bolus injection.

According to an arrest affidavit, the school bus driver was going at a high speed when the bus crashed. The affidavit, which was posted online by Chattanooga station WTVC, says driver Johnthony Walker was driving well above the posted speed limit of 30 mph Monday afternoon when the bus left the narrow, winding road and eventually struck a tree.

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Obesity and related metabolic diseases show clear sex-related differences. The growing burden of these diseases calls for better understanding of the age- and sex-related metabolic consequences. High-throughput lipidomic analyses of population-based cohorts offer an opportunity to identify disease-risk-associated biomarkers and to improve our understanding of lipid metabolism and biology at a population level. Here, we comprehensively examined the relationship between lipid classes/subclasses and molecular species with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, we evaluated sex specificity in the association of the plasma lipidome with age and BMI. Some 747 targeted lipid measures, representing 706 molecular lipid species across 36 classes/subclasses, were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometer on a total of 10,339 participants from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), with 563 lipid species being validated externally on 4,207 participants of the Busselton Health Study (BHS). Heat maps were constructed to visualise the relative differences in lipidomic profile between men and women. Multivariable linear regression analyses, including sex-interaction terms, were performed to assess the associations of lipid species with cardiometabolic phenotypes. Associations with age and sex were found for 472 (66.9%) and 583 (82.6%) lipid species, respectively. We further demonstrated that age-associated lipidomic fingerprints differed by sex. Specific classes of ether-phospholipids and lysophospholipids (calculated as the sum composition of the species within the class) were inversely associated with age in men only. In analyses with women alone, higher triacylglycerol and lower lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine species were observed among postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. We also identified sex-specific associations of lipid species with obesity. Lysophospholipids were negatively associated with BMI in both sexes (with a larger effect size in men), whilst acylcarnitine species showed opposing associations based on sex (positive association in women and negative association in men). Finally, by utilising specific lipid ratios as a proxy for enzymatic activity, we identified stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD-1), fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3), and plasmanylethanolamine Δ1-desaturase activities, as well as the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, as constituent perturbations of cardiometabolic phenotypes. Our analyses elucidate the effect of age and sex on lipid metabolism by offering a comprehensive view of the lipidomic profiles associated with common cardiometabolic risk factors. These findings have implications for age- and sex-dependent lipid metabolism in health and disease and suggest the need for sex stratification during lipid biomarker discovery, establishing biological reference intervals for assessment of disease risk.

Tennessee death row inmate Nicholas Todd Sutton was executed Thursday night by the electric chair. Sutton was convicted of killing four people.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms including acute respiratory failure. Biomarkers that can predict outcomes in patients with COVID-19 can assist with patient management. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether procalcitonin (PCT) can predict clinical outcome and bacterial superinfection in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal PCR who were admitted to a tertiary care center in Boston, MA with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 17 and April 30, 2020 with a baseline PCT value were studied. Patients who were presumed positive for SARS-CoV-2, who lacked PCT levels, or who had a positive urinalysis with negative cultures were excluded. Demographics, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the electronic medical records. 324 patient charts were reviewed and grouped by clinical and microbiologic outcomes by day 28. Baseline PCT levels were significantly higher for patients who were treated for true bacteremia (p = 0.0005) and bacterial pneumonia (p = 0.00077) compared with the non-bacterial infection group. Baseline PCT positively correlated with the NIAID ordinal scale and survival over time. When compared to other inflammatory biomarkers, PCT showed superiority in predicting bacteremia. Baseline PCT levels are associated with outcome and bacterial superinfection in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2.

ObjectivesEarly developmental assessment is crucial for effective support and intervention. This study examined factors that contribute to (a) older child age when caregivers first became concerned about their child’s development and (b) older child age at the point of entry into developmental and diagnostic assessment. We also quantified how factors contributed to risk of children not receiving an assessment by 5 years and considered the acceptability of electronic data capture for families.DesignThis cross-sectional study collected information about caregiver developmental concerns, family history and child characteristics.SettingChildren and families entered a large, publicly funded hospital-based paediatric developmental assessment service.ParticipantsConsecutively enrolled children (N=916) aged 6 months to 17 years with neurodevelopmental concerns and their caregivers.Main outcomes and measuresA developmental history questionnaire completed by caregivers.ResultsThe average age that caregivers identified developmental concerns was 3.0 years of age but the average age of a receiving a developmental assessment was 6.6 years. Only 46.4% of children received a diagnostic assessment by 5 years of age, even though 88.0% of caregivers were concerned about their child’s development by that age. Parental age, relationship status, education level, prior use of support services and being from a culturally and linguistically diverse background contributed to age at identification of concern, age at diagnostic assessment and the likelihood of receiving a diagnostic assessment by 5 years. Electronic data capture had high acceptability, with 88.2% of caregivers reporting a preference for electronic completion of questionnaires.ConclusionsThe study shows a substantial delay in diagnostic assessments that leaves most vulnerable children without an assessment by school age and highlights contributors to delays. These delays highlight the complexity of delivering early intervention and support policies that rely on swift and appropriate developmental assessment to vulnerable families.