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"Adams, Paul M"
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Large bi-axial tensile strain effect in epitaxial BiFeO3 film grown on single crystal PrScO3
A BiFeO
3
film is grown epitaxially on a PrScO
3
single crystal substrate which imparts ~ 1.45% of biaxial tensile strain to BiFeO
3
resulting from lattice misfit. The biaxial tensile strain effect on BiFeO
3
is investigated in terms of crystal structure, Poisson ratio, and ferroelectric domain structure. Lattice resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, precession electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction results clearly show that in-plane interplanar distance of BiFeO
3
is the same as that of PrScO
3
with no sign of misfit dislocations, indicating that the biaxial tensile strain caused by lattice mismatch between BiFeO
3
and PrScO
3
are stored as elastic energy within BiFeO
3
film. Nano-beam electron diffraction patterns compared with structure factor calculation found that the BiFeO
3
maintains rhombohedral symmetry, i.e., space group of
R3c
. The pattern analysis also revealed two crystallographically distinguishable domains. Their relations with ferroelectric domain structures in terms of size and spontaneous polarization orientations within the domains are further understood using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy technique.
Journal Article
Ansel Adams in color
Gathers previously unpublished color photographs of the Grand Canyon, Monument Valley, El Capitan, Yosemite National Park, Mount McKinley, Mono Lake, Death Valley, and White Sands National Monument.
Book
On the Utility of Longwave-Infrared Spectral Imaging for Remote Botanical Identification
A multi-year airborne field investigation of remote botanical species identification was conducted involving multiple curated botanical collections. The purpose of the study was to better constrain the observational conditions that most favor remote identification by longwave-infrared spectral imaging and assess the degree to which confidence metrics developed for remote chemical composition determination could be adapted to botanical species classification. Identification success was examined as a function of spatial resolution and viewing obliquity. A key aim was to articulate a procedure for validating inferred species identifications and evaluating the retrieval methodology’s performance for alleviating confusion between species exhibiting spectral similarity at the foliar scale. It was found that several confounding factors degrade confidence in the species identifications to levels that render the approach impractical in the general case. A number of taxa, predominantly evergreen, were nevertheless identified that are amenable to the technique and for which utility may be viable.
Journal Article
The Lavic Lake Fault: A Long-Term Cumulative Slip Analysis via Combined Field Work and Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Sensing
The 1999 Hector Mine earthquake ruptured to the surface in eastern California, with >5 m peak right-lateral slip on the Lavic Lake fault. The cumulative offset and geologic slip rate of this fault are not well defined, which inhibits tectonic reconstructions and risk assessment of the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). With thermal infrared hyperspectral airborne imagery, field data, and auxiliary information from legacy geologic maps, we created lithologic maps of the area using supervised and unsupervised classifications of the remote sensing imagery. We optimized a data processing sequence for supervised classifications, resulting in lithologic maps over a test area with an overall accuracy of 71 ± 1% with respect to ground-truth geologic mapping. Using all of the data and maps, we identified offset bedrock features that yield piercing points along the main Lavic Lake fault and indicate a 1036 +27/−26 m net slip, with 1008 +14/−17 m horizontal and 241 +51/−47 m vertical components. For the contribution from distributed shear, modern off-fault deformation values from another study imply a larger horizontal slip component of 1276 +18/−22 m. Within the constraints, we estimate a geologic slip rate of <4 mm/yr, which does not increase the sum geologic Mojave ECSZ rate to current geodetic values. Our result supports previous suggestions that transient tectonic activity in this area may be responsible for the discrepancy between long-term geologic and present-day geodetic rates.
Journal Article
Tribochemistry of MoS3 Nanoparticle Coatings
The tribology of nanoparticles based on transition metal dichalcogenides has been studied extensively. However, evaluation of metal chalcogenides with other stoichiometries has been lacking. We have studied the friction, endurance, and tribochemistry of bonded molybdenum trisulfide (MoS
3
) nanoparticle-based coatings for the first time. A facile aqueous chemistry method was used to fabricate the MoS
3
nanoparticles. Pin-on-disk tribometry of an MoS
3
coating using phenolic resin as the binder was conducted in a dry N
2
atmosphere (0.06 % RH, using normal loads of 5 N and 10 N). The results were compared with two types of commercial bonded coatings based on the solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
), as well as a bonded coating we formulated with commercial MoS
2
nanoparticles. Surprisingly, the MoS
3
coating showed similar lubricating ability to the MoS
2
-based coatings, exhibiting average
μ
k
< 0.05 and endurance greater than a million cycles. To evaluate the tribochemistry occurring in the contact region, tribotesting of an MoS
3
coating was halted when steady-state low friction was achieved (i.e., prefailure). Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction on the surface of this wear track showed that the MoS
3
had undergone a tribochemical reaction to form the solid lubricant MoS
2
, which explains the excellent lubricity of the coating. This result opens up the possibility of developing MoS
3
nanoparticle-based solid lubricant coatings and MoS
3
nanoparticle additives for oils and greases that are synthetically easier and lower cost than formulations based on MoS
2
nanoparticles.
Journal Article
Fluorwavellite, Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F·5H2O, the fluorine analog of wavellite
Fluorwavellite (IMA2015-077), Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F·5H2O, the F analog of wavellite, is a new mineral from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Iron Point district, Humboldt County, Nevada, and the Wood mine, 5 miles NE of Del Rio, Cocke County, Tennessee; at both occurrences it is a low-temperature secondary mineral. Fluorwavellite is essentially identical to wavellite in appearance and physical properties. Optically, fluorwavellite is biaxial positive, with α = 1.522(1), β = 1.531(1), and γ = 1.549(1) (white light). Electron microprobe analyses (average of nine for each co-type locality) provided the empirical formulas Al2.96(PO4)2(OH)1.98F1.02·5H2O (+0.12 H) for the Silver Coin mine and Al2.98(PO4)2(OH)2.11F0.89·5H2O (+0.06 H) for the Wood mine. Fluorwavellite is orthorhombic, Pcmn, with the cell parameters determined on a Wood mine crystal: a = 9.6311(4), b = 17.3731(12), c = 6.9946(3) A, V = 1170.35(11) A3, and Z = 4. The five strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [dobs in A (I) (hkl)]: 8.53 (100) (020,110); 5.65 (26) (101); 3.430 (28) (141,012); 3.223 (41) (240); and 2.580 (28) (331,161,232). The structure of fluorwavellite (R1 = 3.42% for 1248 Fo > 4σF reflections) is the same as that of wavellite, differing only in having one of the two independent hydroxyl sites replaced by F. A survey of F contents in wavellite-fluorwavellite from the five most common genetic types of occurrence (fluid expulsion, hydrothermal ore alteration, pegmatite phosphate alteration, residual carbonate weathering, and sedimentary leached zone) shows that F content, and the occurrence of wavellite vs. fluorwavellite, does not correlate with the type of the occurrence. It is more likely related to the fluid activity of Al, P, and F, with pH probably being an important factor. The role that wavellite and fluorwavellite play in sequestering F in the environment may be significant.
Journal Article
Hubbardite, a new magnesium uranyl-sulfate mineral closely related to zippeite
Hubbardite (IMA 2025-041), Mg(H2O)6[(UO2)2O(OH)(SO4)]2·8H2O, is a new zippeite-like mineral from the Hubbard Homestead mine, Mesa County, Colorado, USA. The new mineral occurs on sandstone matrix in close association with gypsum and an unknown Al-bearing uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrate. Hubbardite is orthorhombic, space group Fddd (#70), with unit cell parameters a = 8.8698(17), b = 34.183(7), c = 39.377(9) Å, V = 11939(4) Å3 and Z = 16. Crystals are plates up to about 0.3 mm in diameter, commonly forming subparallel or divergent aggregates. Crystals are flattened on 001 and exhibit the forms 100, 001 and 140. Hubbardite is yellow in color but sometimes appears dark brown, especially on edges. It has a pale-yellow streak and is nonfluorescent. It is transparent with vitreous luster. The mineral is flexible, but not elastic, and has a curved and stepped fracture. The Mohs hardness is about 2½. The measured density is 3.59(5) g/cm3. The mineral is optically biaxial (-), with α = 1.570(5), β = 1.625(5), γ = 1.646(5) (white light). The measured 2V is 62(2)°. Dispersion is r < v strong. The optical orientation is X = c, Y = b, Z = a, and the pleochroism is X light yellow, Y yellow, Z brownish yellow; X < Y < Z. The empirical formula is (Mg0.92□0.08)Σ1.00(H2O)6[(NH4)0.69(H2O)7.31]Σ8.00 (U0.98O2)2[O1.02(OH)0.98]Σ2.00(SO4)]2 based on O + N = 34 and S = 2 apfu. The crystal structure of hubbardite (R1 = 0.0616 for 1348 reflections with I > 2σI) contains zippeite-type sheets between which are Mg(H2O)6 octahedra and isolated H2O groups.
Journal Article
Validation of Cefiderocol Package Insert Dosing Recommendation for Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Prospective Multicenter Pharmacokinetic Study
Abstract
Background
Cefiderocol is the first antibiotic with effluent flow rate–based dosing recommendations outlined in the product label for patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We aimed to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol among patients receiving CRRT and validate these dosing recommendations.
Methods
A multicenter, prospective cefiderocol pharmacokinetic study among intensive care unit patients receiving CRRT was conducted (2022–2023). Blood sampling was performed at steady-state and cefiderocol concentrations were assayed by validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted in Pmetrics using R software. The free time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (f T > MIC) and total daily area under the concentration time curve (AUCdaily) were calculated.
Results
Fourteen patients with effluent flow rates ranging from 2.1 to 5.1 L/h were enrolled. Cefiderocol concentrations best fitted a 2-compartment model. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) parameter estimates for clearance, central compartment volume, and intercompartment transfer constants (k12 and k21) were 3.5 ± 1.5 L/hour, 10.7 ± 8.4 L, 3.9 ± 1.8 hours−1, and 2.2 ± 2.2 hours−1, respectively. With simulations based on product label dosing recommendations, all patients achieved 100% fT > MIC up to MIC 8 mg/L with an AUCdaily (mean ± SD) of 1444 ± 423 mg × hour/L. Cefiderocol was well tolerated among the 14 patients.
Conclusions
The current package insert dosing recommendations resulted in pharmacodynamically optimized cefiderocol exposures. Cefiderocol concentrations exceeded relevant MIC breakpoints in all patients at each effluent flow rate, and AUCdaily was within the range observed in patients in the phase 3 clinical trials, suggestive of a safe and therapeutic drug profile.
Journal Article
Elevated Temperature Notch Sensitivity of Inconel 718 Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Notched alloy 718 tensile specimens prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) and wrought bar were tested at 550, 650, and 750 °C. SLM specimens were tested with either an as-printed or a machined notch. For both types there was a decrease in strength with an increase in test temperature; however, the as-built notches are more sensitive to increases in test temperature than the machined notches. At 550 °C, the machined notch exhibits a roughly 20% higher tensile strength over as-built, while at 750 °C there is a 75% increase in strength. The notched strength ratio decreased with temperature for both types of SLM notches samples, while for wrought samples it increased. The temperature dependence of the difference in strength between the two SLM samples indicates that surface roughness—and the corresponding stress intensity factor—are not the only influences on notched strength. Fractography of tested specimens showed a difference in the intergranular crack propagation depth between as-built and machined notches, demonstrating a difference in the environmental susceptibility based on notch preparation that is due to microstructural differences arising in the SLM process that are preserved through heat treatment.
Journal Article