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Efficient generation of hydrogen from water-splitting is an underpinning chemistry to realize the hydrogen economy. Low cost, transition metals such as nickel and iron-based oxides/hydroxides have been regarded as promising catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media with overpotentials as low as ~200 mV to achieve 10 mA cm −2 , however, they are generally unsuitable for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we show a Janus nanoparticle catalyst with a nickel–iron oxide interface and multi-site functionality for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction with a comparable performance to the benchmark platinum on carbon catalyst. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity of the nanoparticle is induced by the strong electronic coupling effect between the iron oxide and the nickel at the interface. Remarkably, the catalyst also exhibits extraordinary oxygen evolution reaction activity, enabling an active and stable bi-functional catalyst for whole cell water-splitting with, to the best of our knowledge, the highest energy efficiency (83.7%) reported to date. Ni–Fe based compound are known as active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction, but not a good choice for the other half-reaction of water-splitting. Here the authors report a unique interface between Ni and γ-Fe 2 O 3 that efficiently catalyzes the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction.

The urban environment is a known vulnerability for US forces, and it grows more acute as megacities increase around the world. This article describes past research and joint experimentation efforts concerning urban environments and identifies critical gaps for further research and experimentation. A more committed Joint Force constituency, led by the US Army, can lead to better readiness in this area.

A term male infant with Hirschsprung's disease underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic-assisted endorectal pull-through procedure. Four weeks after discharge, the patient developed severe Clostridium difficile enterocolitis with hemodynamic instability and peritonitis. Bedside laparotomy confirmed intestinal viability and accommodated an appendicostomy for antegrade vancomycin colonic irrigations. The patient required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for physiological support for more than six days. Transition to conventional support was successful with survival and discharge from the hospital free from hemorrhagic complications. The patient is now developmentally appropriate for his age.

Gastric diverticula rarely occur in adolescence. In adults, they are predominantly congenital, asymptomatic, and are located adjacent to the gastroesophageal junction on the posterior aspect of the stomach wall. In this report we present a 14-year-old female who underwent laparoscopic gastric diverticulectomy after incidental discovery on magnetic resonance urography.Gastric diverticula rarely occur in adolescence. In adults, they are predominantly congenital, asymptomatic, and are located adjacent to the gastroesophageal junction on the posterior aspect of the stomach wall. In this report we present a 14-year-old female who underwent laparoscopic gastric diverticulectomy after incidental discovery on magnetic resonance urography.

Numerous techniques have been described in an effort to reduce the risk of bar displacement, including the use of bar stabilizers at one or both ends of the bar, encircling the bar and adjacent rib with suture or wire, and using two bars at different levels of the chest.1 To help determine an optimal technique of bar fixation, we reviewed our group's experience with the Nuss procedure. The data collected included details of operation (including type of suture used for fixation, number of Nuss bars placed, use of bar stabilizers) and clinical outcome (length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and reoperations).

This work addresses the nationalistic elements in the 1570 work Kunst des Fechtens by Joachim Meyer of Strassburg. Meyer's teachings on the longsword are attached to the Swabian Johannes Liechtenauer and then transferred to the Italian rapier thus establishing Meyer as less concerned with nationalist purity as others of his century. His teachings are examined for their pleadings for moral conduct and the preservation of martial studies to the youth of Germany and the young Duke of Bavaria, Johann Casimir. Using modern examples alongside Meyer's writings the case is also made for the integration of nationalist sentiments, moral and ethical instruction, and martial arts training.

The role of preoperative bowel prep in the pediatric surgical population is uncertain. We performed a randomized prospective study to evaluate noninferiority between the presence or absence of a preoperative bowel prep in elective pediatric bowel surgery on postoperative outcomes. Patients aged three months to 18 years were recruited and randomized to the bowel prep group or the no bowel prep group. Patients were evaluated in-hospital and at postoperative clinic visits. Thirty-two patients were recruited; 18 in the bowel prep group and 14 in the no bowel prep group. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in complications between the groups. Complications were observed in five patients in each group (27.8% and 35.7%, respectively). In the bowel prep group, two (11.1%) had wound infection (vs three, 21.4%), 0 had an intra-abdominal abscess (vs one, 7.1%), one (5.6%) had sepsis (vs one, 7.1%), one (5.6%) had an anastomotic leak (vs 0), and three (16.7%) had a bowel obstruction (vs one, 7.1%). There were no extra-abdominal complications. There were no significant differences in complications between the two groups. Further research is warranted, but may require a multi-institutional trial to recruit sufficient numbers to make conclusions about the significance of the need for bowel prep.