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Background Low job motivation among healthcare workers is a significant issue in the healthcare system, particularly in low-income countries such as Ethiopia, where health professionals face low remuneration, inadequate benefits, and poor working conditions. Shortage of motivated health workers has a significantly negative impact on the quality of healthcare services. In Ethiopia, there is no representative or summarized data on the level of motivation among health workers. We synthesized the pooled level of job motivation and its determinants among Ethiopian health workers. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted using an electronic web-based search strategy to identify studies. The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the Ethiopian University repository online. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. I-squared statistics (I 2 ) were used to determine heterogeneity between the primary studies. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. The random-effects Der Simonian–Laird method was used to estimate the pooled level of job motivation and pooled odds ratio of associated factors, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 articles, involving 3974 health workers in the analysis. The pooled proportion of health workers with good motivation was 44% (95% CI 37, 51%). Availability of resource [OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.47, 6.11], training opportunities [AOR 2.57; 95% CI 1.51, 4.37], and job satisfaction [AOR 3.67, 95% CI 1.97, 6.81] were factors associated with job motivation among health workers. Conclusion Less than half of the health workers in Ethiopia are motivated. As the provision of compassionate and high-quality care requires highly motivated health workers, health institutions should strive to create a nurturing and conducive environment. On a national level, the Ministry of Health should recognize the problem and develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to manage the health workforce. Study protocol registration : CRD420251061167.

The objective of this study was to identify determinants of syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals in the Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia,2020. An unmatched facility-based case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care at four randomly selected hospitals from September 1 to October 30, 2020. A two-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of hospitals and study participants. The data were collected from the participants using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed using STATA Release 15. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine syphilis infection determinants. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were used for each explanatory variable with a 95% confidence level. A statistically significant association was declared when a p-value was less than 0.05. A total of 296 (74 cases and 222 controls) pregnant women participated, with a recruitment rate of 97.4%. In multivariate logistic regression, the likelihood of developing a maternal syphilis infection was higher in pregnant women who had more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI (1.09-11.71)]; a history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.46, 95%CI (1.32-9.08)] and used a substance [AOR = 3.39, 95%CI (1.31-8.77)]. Sexual-related factors continued to be a major determinant of syphilis in pregnant women. The results suggest that there is a need to promote safe sexual behavior, raise awareness about the risk of STIs, and early diagnosis and treatment of STIs to control syphilis infection, and necessary to make the antenatal care service comprehensive for pregnant women.

Background Patient preference has preceded the use of health care services, and it has been affected by different hospital attributes. Meanwhile, the number of patients receiving vital health intervention is particularly low in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of hospital attributes on patient preference for outpatients in the Wolaita area in September 2020. Methods A discrete choice experimental study was applied to determine the effect of hospital attributes on patient preference with a sample size of 1077. The experimental survey was conducted among outpatient attendants selected through a systematic random sampling approach. Six key attributes (competence of healthcare providers; availability of medical equipment and supplies; cost of service; wait time; distance; and hospital reputation) deduced from various hospital attributes were used to elicit the patient preferences. The data was collected from participants through the Open Data Kit application. A random effect probit model with marginal willingness to pay measure and partially log-likelihood analysis was applied to extract important attributes. We used STATA version 15 software for analysis, and the fitness of the model was verified by the calculated p -value for the Wald chi-square with a cut-point value of 0.05. Result One thousand forty-five patients who received outpatient care participated in the study. The random effect probit results have shown that all hospital attributes included in the study were significantly valued by patients while choosing the hospital ( p -value < 0.001). Meanwhile, based on marginal willingness to pay and partial log-likelihood analysis, the competence of health care providers was identified as the most important attribute followed by the availability of medical equipment and supplies in hospitals. Conclusion and recommendation The results suggested that the quality of health care providers and availability of medical equipment and supply in hospitals would be primary interventional points for improving the patient preference of hospitals. Assessment, education, and training are recommended for enhancing the quality of health care providers. And stock balance checks, inspections, and accreditation are believed to be valuable for improving the availability of equipment and supply in hospitals.

Head injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, especially in resource-limited countries including Ethiopia. However, little is known about the mortality rate and its predictors among these patients in Ethiopia. Thus, the study aims to assess the incidence rate of mortality and its predictors among patients with head injury admitted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Institutional based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 1220 randomly selected head injury patients admitted from July 2017 to July 2019. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to identify the predictors of mortality. Proportionality assumption was tested by a global test based on the Schoenfeld residuals test. The incidence of the mortality rate was 2.26 (95%CI: 1.9-2.6) per 100-person day observation. The independent predictors of time to death were age above 65 years (AHR:3.49, 95%CI:1.63, 7.48), severe TBI (AHR: 8.8, 95%CI:5.13, 15.0), moderate TBI (AHR:3, 95%CI:1.73,5.31), hypotension (AHR:1.72, 95%CI: 1.11,2.66), hypoxia (AHR:1.92, 95%CI: 1.33,2.76), hyperthermia (AHR:1.8, 95%CI: 1.23,2.63) and hypoglycemic (AHR:1.94, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.81) positively associated with mortality, while underwent neurosurgery was negatively associated with mortality (AHR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11,0.53). The incidence of mortality rate among head injury patients was high. Older age, moderate and severe TBI, hypotension and hypoxia at admission, neurosurgical procedure, and the episode of hyperthermia and hypoglycemia during hospitalization were the independent predictors of mortality among head injury patients. Therefore, intervention to reduce earlier deaths should focus on the prevention of secondary brain insults.

Background: Motorcycle accidents are a prominent cause of disability and death, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the magnitude of motorcycle accidents and associated factors among commercial motorcycle drivers. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 235 motorcycle drivers from April 1 to 22, 2021. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive and association measures were done. The results were presented within texts and tables. Results and Discussion: The magnitude of motorcycle accidents among commercial motorcycle drivers was 65.1% (95% CI: 59%, 71.2%). Driving at speeds greater than 60 km/h (AOR = 8.19, 95% CI: 4.02, 11.42), driving at all hours of the day and night (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.61, 9.02), using a mobile phone while driving (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.73, 7.15), having a history of punishment (AOR = 11.05, 95% CI: 8.54, 16.28), drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.14), being under 20 years old (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.23), and having a license (AOR = 0.24, 95% CEO.l, 0.8) were factors associated with commercial motorcycle accidents. Conclusion: This finding indicated the need for continuous awareness creation and intense training, along with checking the licenses for their originality. Such a pluralistic overview can also denote the roles of proper operation and technical readiness of the motorcycles running, the proper design of urban mobility and road (cross-roads) construction, as well as the central governmental measures and policies that can act proactively to prevent such accidents from occurring.

Background: Motorcycle accidents are a prominent cause of disability and death, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the magnitude of motorcycle accidents and associated factors among commercial motorcycle drivers. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 235 motorcycle drivers from April 1 to 22, 2021. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive and association measures were done. The results were presented within texts and tables. Results and Discussion: The magnitude of motorcycle accidents among commercial motorcycle drivers was 65.1% (95% CI: 59%, 71.2%). Driving at speeds greater than 60 km/h (AOR = 8.19, 95% CI: 4.02, 11.42), driving at all hours of the day and night (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.61, 9.02), using a mobile phone while driving (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.73, 7.15), having a history of punishment (AOR = 11.05, 95% CI: 8.54, 16.28), drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.14), being under 20 years old (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.23), and having a license (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI:0.1, 0.8) were factors associated with commercial motorcycle accidents. Conclusion: This finding indicated the need for continuous awareness creation and intense training, along with checking the licenses for their originality. Such a pluralistic overview can also denote the roles of proper operation and technical readiness of the motorcycles running, the proper design of urban mobility and road (cross-roads) construction, as well as the central governmental measures and policies that can act proactively to prevent such accidents from occurring.

Objective of the studyThe objective of this study was to identify determinants of syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals in the Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia,2020.MethodsAn unmatched facility-based case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care at four randomly selected hospitals from September 1 to October 30, 2020. A two-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of hospitals and study participants. The data were collected from the participants using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed using STATA Release 15. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine syphilis infection determinants. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were used for each explanatory variable with a 95% confidence level. A statistically significant association was declared when a p-value was less than 0.05.ResultsA total of 296 (74 cases and 222 controls) pregnant women participated, with a recruitment rate of 97.4%. In multivariate logistic regression, the likelihood of developing a maternal syphilis infection was higher in pregnant women who had more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI (1.09-11.71)]; a history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.46, 95%CI (1.32-9.08)] and used a substance [AOR = 3.39, 95%CI (1.31-8.77)].ConclusionSexual-related factors continued to be a major determinant of syphilis in pregnant women. The results suggest that there is a need to promote safe sexual behavior, raise awareness about the risk of STIs, and early diagnosis and treatment of STIs to control syphilis infection, and necessary to make the antenatal care service comprehensive for pregnant women.

Background Bullet-related bacterial wound infection can be caused by high-velocity bullets and shrapnel injuries. In Ethiopia, significant injuries were reported that may cause severe wound infections, persistent systemic infections and may lead to amputation and mortality. The magnitude, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and factors associated with bacterial wound infections among patients with bullet-related injuries are not yet studied particularly at health facilities in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence, bacterial profiles, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and factors associated with bacterial infections among patients with bullet-related injuries at referral health facilities in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with bullet-related injuries at three referral health facilities in Bahir Dar from May 25 to July 27, 2022. A total of 384 patients with bullet-related injuries were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Wound swabs were collected aseptically and cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar following bacteriological standards. Biochemical tests were performed to differentiate bacteria for positive cultivation and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were done on Muller Hinton agar using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to the 2021 Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline. The data were entered using Epi-Info version 7.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive data were presented using frequency, percentages, figures, and charts. Logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with bacterial wound infections. P -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of bullet-related bacterial wound infection among three referral hospitals in Bahir Dar city was 54.7%. The most commonly isolated Gram-negative organism was Klebsiella spps 49 (23.3%) while among Gram-positive organism, Staphylococcus aureus 58 (27.6%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) 18 (8.6%). Contamination, hospitalization and smoking habit were significantly associated with the presence of bullet-related bacterial wound infections. Over 97% multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates were identified and of theses, E. coli , Proteus species, Citrobactor , and Staphylococcus aureus were highly drug resistant. Conclusion Increased prevalence of bullet-related bacterial wound infection was noticed in this study. S. aureus followed by Klebsiella species were most commonly isolated bacteria. High frequency of resistance to Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Vancomycin, and Norfloxacin was observed. Therefore, proper handling of bullet injuries, prompt investigation of bacterial infections, monitoring of drug sensitivity patterns and antibiotic usage are critical.

Loss to follow-up (LTFU) poses a major challenge to achieving the joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95–95–95 targets and ending the HIV epidemic by 2030. Despite government efforts, high LTFU rates in the test-and-treat era underscore the need for updated strategies. This study aimed to identify incidence and predictors of lost to follow-up among children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Amhara region. A multicenter facility-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted on 486 children receiving ART in Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals from August, 2014, to March, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using national antiretroviral intake and follow-up forms through the KoBo Toolbox. Data analysis was done using STATA version 17. Descriptive analyses were summarized using the tables, and figures were used to present. Both bivariable and multivariable competing regression model were fitted to identify predictors of LTFU. Finally, adjusted sub-hazard ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed, and variables having a p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors of LTFU. Among 455 (93.62%) patient charts were included in the final analysis, 13.19% and 6.81% of the individuals LTFU and death within the follow-up period respectively. In this study, the overall incidence of LTFU was found to be 3.67 per 100 child-year observations (95% (CI): 2.85, 4.73). HIV-infected children age less than five years [adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR): 2.95 (95% CI: 1.34, 6.49)], rural residence [aSHR: 3.39 (95% CI: 2.02, 5.73)], no regimen change [aSHR: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.16, 3.38)], and ART side effect [aSHR: 1.92 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.24)] were predictors for LTFU. The incidence of LTFU among HIV-infected children remains high, with younger age, rural residence, regimen changes, and ART side effects identified as key predictors. Strengthening counseling services, monitoring and managing ART side effects, and implementing an ART outcome evaluation program could help reduce LTFU.