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"Adel, M."
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Cultivation for climate change resilience. Volume 2, Temperate fruit trees
\"Awareness of the adverse impact associated with the global climate change on the future of agriculture, researchers are devoting efforts for finding solutions to mitigate undesired effects based on intelligent predictions and improved utilization of available genetic resources. This book highlights the contemporary knowledge of the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses inflected by climate changes on the production, horticultural practices and physiological processes of various fruit tree species. Moreover, it describes the adaptation of innovative approaches to mitigate the climatic adverse effects and enhance resilience characteristics of fruit crops. Each chapter addresses one fruit crop and covers available information in relation to the various concepts. General introduction on climatic requirements of a fruit crop. Significant symptoms of climate change impacts on trees and fruit. Crop management under changed climate conditions. Natural adaptation of genetic resources. Mitigation strategies against biotic and abiotic stresses. Remote sensing and environmental certification. Future prospects and literature cited. This book is essential for researchers and students concerned with improving the productivity and quality of fruit crops to achieve sustainable fruit cultivation and conservation of this important nutritional food source for future generations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
SCAPS simulation of novel inorganic ZrS2/CuO heterojunction solar cells
ZrS
2
is transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) which is believed one of the most talented applicants to fabricate photovoltaics. Therefore, we present here for the first-time numerical simulation of novel inorganic ZrS
2
/CuO heterojunction solar cells employing SCAPS-1D. The influence of the thickness, carrier concentration, and bandgap for both the window and absorber layers on the solar cell fundamental parameters was explored intensely. Our results reveal that the solar cell devices performance is mainly affected by many parameters such as the depletion width (
W
d
), built-in voltage (
V
bi
), collection length of charge carrier, the minority carrier lifetime, photogenerated current, and recombination rate. The
η
of 23.8% was achieved as the highest value for our simulated devices with the
V
oc
value of 0.96 V, the
J
sc
value of 34.2 mA/cm
2
, and the
FF
value of 72.2%. Such efficiency was obtained when the CuO band gap, thickness, and carrier concentration were 1.35 eV, 5.5 µm, and above 10
18
cm
−3
, respectively, and for the ZrS
2
were 1.4 eV, 1 µm, and less than 10
20
cm
−3
, respectively. Our simulated results indicate that the inorganic ZrS
2
/CuO heterojunction solar cells are promising to fabricate low-cost, large-scale, and high-efficiency photovoltaic devices.
Journal Article
Performance Evaluation of Deep CNN-Based Crack Detection and Localization Techniques for Concrete Structures
This paper proposes a customized convolutional neural network for crack detection in concrete structures. The proposed method is compared to four existing deep learning methods based on training data size, data heterogeneity, network complexity, and the number of epochs. The performance of the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) model is evaluated and compared to pretrained networks, i.e., the VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-50, and Inception V3 models, on eight datasets of different sizes, created from two public datasets. For each model, the evaluation considered computational time, crack localization results, and classification measures, e.g., accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Experimental results demonstrated that training data size and heterogeneity among data samples significantly affect model performance. All models demonstrated promising performance on a limited number of diverse training data; however, increasing the training data size and reducing diversity reduced generalization performance, and led to overfitting. The proposed customized CNN and VGG-16 models outperformed the other methods in terms of classification, localization, and computational time on a small amount of data, and the results indicate that these two models demonstrate superior crack detection and localization for concrete structures.
Journal Article
Enhanced Gas Sensing Properties of Spin-coated Na-doped ZnO Nanostructured Films
In this report, the structures, morphologies, optical, electrical and gas sensing properties of ZnO and ZnO: Na spin-coated films are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the films are of a single phase wurtzite ZnO with a preferential orientation along (002) direction parallel to
c
-axis. Na doping reduces the crystalline quality of the films. The plane surface of ZnO film turned to be wrinkle net-work structure after doping. The reflectance and the optical band gap of the ZnO film decreased after Na doping. The wrinkle net-work nanostructured Na-doped film shows an unusually sensitivity, 81.9% @ 50 sccm, for CO
2
gas at room temperature compared to 1.0% for the pure ZnO film. The signals to noise ratio (SNR) and detection limit of Na-doped ZnO sensor are 0.24 and 0.42 sccm, respectively. These enhanced sensing properties are ascribed to high surface-to-volume ratio, hoping effect, and the increase of O- vacancies density according to Kroger VinK effect. The response time increased from 179 to 240 s by the incorporation of Na atoms @50 sccm. This response time increased as the CO
2
concentration increased. The recovery time is increased from 122 to 472 s by the incorporation of Na atoms @50 sccm.
Journal Article
Deep learning CNN–LSTM framework for Arabic sentiment analysis using textual information shared in social networks
Recently, the world has witnessed an exponential growth of social networks which have opened a venue for online users to express and share their opinions in different life aspects. Sentiment analysis has become a hot-trend research topic in the field of natural language processing due to its significant roles in analyzing the public’s opinion and deriving effective opinion-based decisions. Arabic is one of the widely used languages across social networks. However, its morphological complexities and varieties of dialects make it a challenging language for sentiment analysis. Therefore, inspired by the success of deep learning algorithms, in this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model for Arabic language sentiment analysis based on one layer CNN architecture for local feature extraction, and two layers LSTM to maintain long-term dependencies. The feature maps learned by CNN and LSTM are passed to SVM classifier to generate the final classification. This model is supported by FastText words embedding model. Extensive experiments carried out on a multi-domain corpus demonstrate the outstanding classification performance of this model with an accuracy of 90.75%. Furthermore, the proposed model is validated using different embedding models and classifiers. The results show that FastText skip-gram model and SVM classifier are more valuable alternatives for the Arabic sentiment analysis. The proposed model outperforms several well-established state-of-the-art approaches on relevant corpora with up to
+
20.71
%
accuracy improvement.
Journal Article
Design of high-sensitivity La-doped ZnO sensors for CO2 gas detection at room temperature
For the sake of people's health and the safety of the environment, more efforts should be directed towards the fabrication of gas sensors that can operate effectively at room temperature (RT). In this context, increased attention has been paid to developing gas sensors based on rare-earth (RE)-doped transparent conducting oxides (TCO). In this report, lanthanum-doped zinc oxide (La-doped ZnO) films were fabricated by sol–gel and spin-coating techniques. XRD analysis revealed the hexagonal structure of the ZnO films, with preferred growth along the (002) direction. The crystallite size was decreased from 33.21 to 26.41 nm with increasing La content to 4.0 at.%. The UV–vis–NIR indicating that the films are highly transparent (˃ 80%), La-doping increased the UV blocking ability of the films and narrowed the optical band gap (Eg) from 3.275 to 3.125 eV. Additionally, La-doping has influenced the refractive index of the samples. Gas sensing measurements were performed at ambient temperature (30 °C) and a relative humidity (RH) of 30%, employing different flow rates of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) gas used synthetically with air. Among the evaluated sensors, the ZnO: 4.0 at.% La sensor exhibited the most significant gas response, with a value of 114.22%. This response was observed when the sensor was subjected to a flow rate of 200 SCCM of CO
2
gas. Additionally, the sensor revealed a response time of 24.4 s and a recovery time of 44 s. The exceptional performance exhibited by the sensor makes it very appropriate for a wide range of industrial applications. Additionally, we assessed the effect of humidity, selectivity, reusability, repeatability, detection limit, and limit of quantification.
Journal Article
Biochar and Its Broad Impacts in Soil Quality and Fertility, Nutrient Leaching and Crop Productivity: A Review
Biochar is gaining significant attention due to its potential for carbon (C) sequestration, improvement of soil health, fertility enhancement, and crop productivity and quality. In this review, we discuss the most common available techniques for biochar production, the main physiochemical properties of biochar, and its effects on soil health, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters of soil quality and fertility, nutrient leaching, salt stress, and crop productivity and quality. In addition, the impacts of biochar addition on salt-affected and heavy metal contaminated soils were also reviewed. An ample body of literature supports the idea that soil amended with biochar has a high potential to increase crop productivity due to the concomitant improvement in soil structure, high nutrient use efficiency (NUE), aeration, porosity, and water-holding capacity (WHC), among other soil amendments. However, the increases in crop productivity in biochar-amended soils are most frequently reported in the coarse-textured and sandy soils compared with the fine-textured and fertile soils. Biochar has a significant effect on soil microbial community composition and abundance. The negative impacts that salt-affected and heavy metal polluted soils have on plant growth and yield and on components of soil quality such as soil aggregation and stability can be ameliorated by the application of biochar. Moreover, most of the positive impacts of biochar application have been observed when biochar was applied with other organic and inorganic amendments and fertilizers. Biochar addition to the soil can decrease the nitrogen (N) leaching and volatilization as well as increase NUE. However, some potential negative effects of biochar on microbial biomass and activity have been reported. There is also evidence that biochar addition can sorb and retain pesticides for long periods of time, which may result in a high weed infestation and control cost.
Journal Article
Spectroscopic, Optical and Dielectric Investigation of (Mg, Cu, Ni, or Cd) Acetates’ Influence on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium Salt/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymer Electrolyte Films
Solid polymer electrolytes, which have a low bandgap and a high dielectric constant, are an interesting technology for optoelectronic applications and supercapacitors. This work studies the influence of Mg, Cu, Ni or Cd acetates on the structural and optical properties and the dielectric relaxation phenomena in carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blends. The dielectric behavior, ac conductivity and electrical modulus formalism were investigated in a frequency range of up to 1 MHz at room temperature. X-ray diffraction energy dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealed modifications of the films’ structural and chemical compositions and their morphology. UV–Vis and dielectric properties measurements revealed that the Cu and Mg salts had more distinctive influences on the optical properties, ac conductivity (σac) and relaxation behavior. Cu and Mg reduced the optical bandgap Eg of the CMC/PVP blends from 5.1 eV to 4.7 eV and 3.6 eV, respectively, but increased σac from 8.61 × 10−5 S/cm to 1.34 × 10−4 S/cm and 1.81 ×10−4 S/cm, respectively. The dielectric measurements revealed an increase in the dielectric constant and dielectric losses for the composite films, which reflect the enhancement of the dielectric polarization of the films. The electric modulus spectra, calculated relaxation time and Argand plots confirmed an improvement in the ionic conductivity of the composite films. These results indicate that the incorporation of the acetate salts is a simple approach to widening the technological importance of CMC/PVP blend films for some optoelectronic devices and Cu and Mg battery applications.
Journal Article
The Role of Employee Empowerment in Supporting Accounting Information Systems Outcomes: A Mediated Model
The current research study was carried out to explore the mediating influence of management awareness on the relationship between employee empowerment and accounting information systems (AIS) outcomes. A quantitative approach was adopted through the distribution of an online questionnaire to (97) financial managers and accounting managers within banks in Jordan. SPSS was used in order to analyze the primary data, and it was seen that management awareness mediates the relationship between employee empowerment and AIS outcomes, which is attributed to the fact that management needs to be aware of organizational goals and the financial information needed to achieve these goals. This includes an understanding of the latest accounting technology that is available to assist in this process. Additionally, management needs to be aware of the costs associated with the implementation of new systems, and any potential risks that could arise. By being actively involved in the implementation and decision-making process, management can ensure that AIS is efficient and produces the desired results. Finally, management should ensure that appropriate user training is available for all users of the information system. This ensures that the system can be utilized in the most efficient manner possible and produces the desired financial results. This study recommended the need to utilize integrated cloud-based systems to increase the availability of information and reduce the need for manual data entry. Further recommendations were presented in the study.
Journal Article
The role of organizational culture in supporting better accounting information systems outcomes
The current study aimed at exploring the role of organizational culture in supporting better AIS outcomes from perspective of financial and accounting managers within SMEs in Jordan during the fiscal year 2021-2022. Independent variables of study (organizational culture) included (Involvement, Adaptability, Mission, Consistency), while dependent variable was AIS outcomes within the organization. Quantitative approach was adopted and (318) questionnaire was distributed on financial and accounting managers from different SMEs in the Jordanian capital Amman, during the fiscal year 2021/2022. SPSS was employed so as to reach numerical results that can lead to explaining the phenomenon under study, and it was indicated that the main hypothesis was accepted \"Organizational culture has a statistically positive influence on reaching better AIS outcomes within SMEs in Amman\". Among the sub-variables it was seen that involvement to be the most influential variable with an R = 0.772 followed directly by consistency scoring an R = .608, other variables were also seen to influential with lower degrees. Study Recommended carrying out a research that explores the influence of AIS outcomes and characteristics on organizational culture, in addition to the need from organizations to employ highly skilled and competent professionals and accountants to generate financial information and have appropriate academic qualifications. Further recommendations were presented later in the study
Journal Article