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"Adkins, M. King"
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The Pottery Barn Principle of 'Fear the Walking Dead'
Season threes exploration of the politics of survival is fascinating, even with the series over-reliance on coincidence.
Magazine Article
Earth’s ambipolar electrostatic field and its role in ion escape to space
Cold plasma of ionospheric origin has recently been found to be a much larger contributor to the magnetosphere of Earth than expected
1
,
2
–
3
. Numerous competing mechanisms have been postulated to drive ion escape to space, including heating and acceleration by wave–particle interactions
4
and a global electrostatic field between the ionosphere and space (called the ambipolar or polarization field)
5
,
6
. Observations of heated O
+
ions in the magnetosphere are consistent with resonant wave–particle interactions
7
. By contrast, observations of cold supersonic H
+
flowing out of the polar ionosphere
8
,
9
(called the polar wind) suggest the presence of an electrostatic field. Here we report the existence of a +0.55 ± 0.09 V electric potential drop between 250 km and 768 km from a planetary electrostatic field (
E
∥
⊕ = 1.09 ± 0.17 μV m
−1
) generated exclusively by the outward pressure of ionospheric electrons. We experimentally demonstrate that the ambipolar field of Earth controls the structure of the polar ionosphere, boosting the scale height by 271%. We infer that this increases the supply of cold O
+
ions to the magnetosphere by more than 3,800%, in which other mechanisms such as wave–particle interactions can heat and further accelerate them to escape velocity. The electrostatic field of Earth is strong enough by itself to drive the polar wind
9
,
10
and is probably the origin of the cold H
+
ion population
1
that dominates much of the magnetosphere
2
,
3
.
The ambipolar field of Earth controls the structure of the polar ionosphere and boosts its scale height by 271%, physically driving the polar wind and acting as the source of the magnetospheric cold H
+
ion population.
Journal Article
Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Professionals Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Suspected E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury and for Reducing the Risk for Rehospitalization and Death Following Hospital Discharge — United States, December 2019
Clinical guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state partners for e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) continues to evolve as more information about EVALI becomes available. Among EVALI patients who were rehospitalized or who died after discharge for an EVALI-related hospitalization, a recent study found a high rate of comorbidities and a median interval from discharge to readmission of 4 days and a median interval from discharge to death of 3 days; at least one quarter of rehospitalizations and deaths occurred within 2 days of discharge. Here, Evans et al discuss the CDC's guidance update regarding timing of the initial postdischarge follow-up of hospitalized EVALI patients and other EVALI patient management.
Journal Article
The wooly mutation (wly) on mouse chromosome 11 is associated with a genetic defect in Fam83g
Background
Mice homozygous for the spontaneous wooly mutation (abbreviated
wly
) are recognized as early as 3–4 weeks of age by the rough or matted appearance of their coats. Previous genetic analysis has placed
wly
in a 5.9 Mb interval on Chromosome 11 that contains over 200 known genes. Assignment of
wly
to one of these genes is needed in order to provide probes that would ultimately facilitate a complete molecular analysis of that gene’s role in the normal and disrupted development of the mammalian integument.
Results
Here, a large intraspecific backcross family was used to genetically map
wly
to a smaller (0.8 Mb) span on mouse Chromosome 11 that includes fewer than 20 genes. DNA sequencing of the coding regions in two of these candidates known to be expressed in skin has revealed a 955 bp,
wly
-specific deletion. This deletion, which lies within the coordinates of both
Slc5a10
[for solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 10] and
Fam83g
(for family with sequence similarity 83, member G), alters the splicing of mutant
Fam83g
transcripts only, and is predicted to result in a severely truncated (probably non-functional) protein product.
Conclusion
We suggest that this mutation in
Fam83g
is the likely basis of the mouse wooly phenotype.
Journal Article
Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers for Managing Patients with Suspected E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury — United States, November 2019
CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and public health and clinical stakeholders are investigating a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) (1). CDC has published recommendations for health care providers regarding EVALI (2-4). Recently, researchers from Utah and New York published proposed diagnosis and treatment algorithms for EVALI (5,6). EVALI remains a diagnosis of exclusion because, at present, no specific test or marker exists for its diagnosis, and evaluation should be guided by clinical judgment. Because patients with EVALI can experience symptoms similar to those associated with influenza or other respiratory infections (e.g., fever, cough, headache, myalgias, or fatigue), it might be difficult to differentiate EVALI from influenza or community-acquired pneumonia on initial assessment; EVALI might also co-occur with respiratory infections. This report summarizes recommendations for health care providers managing patients with suspected or known EVALI when respiratory infections such as influenza are more prevalent in the community than they have been in recent months (7). Recommendations include 1) asking patients with respiratory, gastrointestinal, or constitutional symptoms about the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products; 2) evaluating those suspected to have EVALI with pulse oximetry and obtaining chest imaging, as clinically indicated; 3) considering outpatient management for clinically stable EVALI patients who meet certain criteria; 4) testing patients for influenza, particularly during influenza season, and administering antimicrobials, including antivirals, in accordance with established guidelines; 5) using caution when considering prescribing corticosteroids for outpatients, because this treatment modality has not been well studied among outpatients, and corticosteroids could worsen respiratory infections; 6) recommending evidence-based treatment strategies, including behavioral counseling, to help patients discontinue using e-cigarette, or vaping, products; and 7) emphasizing the importance of annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months, including patients who use e-cigarette, or vaping products.
Journal Article
Assessing the Readability of Mental Health Internet Brochures for Children and Adolescents
We investigated the readability of seven mental health brochures on mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children that were selected from a website developed by the Center for Mental Health Services at http://www.mentalhealth.org. The reading grade levels of the brochures ranged from 11.1 to 14.8 (mean 13.23), considerably higher than the 8th grade level recommended for educational material by the U. S. Department of Education (1986). On other readability variables, assessed using the Readability Assessment Instrument (RAIN; Singh, 1994), all brochures met criterion on most variables but failed on those for new words (audience appropriateness) and print size. This is a favorable result in comparison with other studies that have assessed readability of mental health information on the Internet using the RAIN, although less so with reading grade levels.
Journal Article
How Schools and Districts Meet Rigorous Standards Through Authentic Intellectual Work
Meet challenging standards by promoting students’ authentic intellectual work Educators have long called for more rigor and engagement in classroom work, alongside calls for enhancing equity. Yet classroom practices and student outcomes have been slow to change. A promising solution is the research–backed, real world-tested potential of the Authentic Intellectual Work (AIW) framework to meet intellectually challenging standards including Common Core. This book provides • Richly detailed case studies of successful AIW implementation at the statewide, districtwide, and individual school levels • Illustrations of collaborative teaming to advance higher-order thinking, disciplined inquiry, and value beyond school • Exemplars of how AIW transforms professional development and evaluations and increases coherence and alignment of initiatives There is no such thing as a simple formula for school improvement, but the AIW approaches presented in this book will help school– and district–based teams improve the quality of instruction, assessment, and curriculum for more rigorous and more equitable student learning “It is inspiring to read these educators’ testaments to the profound personal and professional impact of their efforts to promote students’ authentic intellectual work.” —Fred M. Newmann, Emeritus Professor University of Wisconsin-Madison “AIW is an instructional game changer. It has brought coherence across our district’s schools as we help our teachers help students become 21st-century learners.” —Michael Duncan, Superintendent Pike County Schools, GA
eBook
The juvenile alopecia mutation (jal ) maps to mouse Chromosome 2, and is an allele of GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3 )
Doc number: 40 Abstract Background: Mice homozygous for the juvenile alopecia mutation (jal ) display patches of hair loss that appear as soon as hair develops in the neonatal period and persist throughout life. Although a report initially describing this mouse variant suggested that jal maps to mouse Chromosome 13, our preliminary mapping analysis did not support that claim. Results: To map jal to a particular mouse chromosome, we produced a 103-member intraspecific backcross panel that segregated for jal, and typed it for 93 PCR-scorable, microsatellite markers that are located throughout the mouse genome. Only markers from the centromeric tip of Chromosome 2 failed to segregate independently from jal , suggesting that jal resides in that region. To more precisely define jal 's location, we characterized a second, 374-member backcross panel for the inheritance of five microsatellite markers from proximal Chromosome 2. This analysis restricted jal 's position between D2Mit359 and D2Mit80 , an interval that includes Il2ra (for interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain), a gene that is known to be associated with alopecia areata in humans. Complementation testing with an engineered null allele of Il2ra , however, showed that jal is a mutation in a distinct gene. To further refine the location of jal , the 374-member panel was typed for a set of four single-nucleotide markers located between D2Mit359 and D2Mit80 , identifying a 0.55 Mb interval where jal must lie. This span includes ten genes--only one of which, Gata3 (for GATA binding protein 3)--is known to be expressed in skin. Complementation testing between jal and a Gata3 null allele produced doubly heterozygous, phenotypically mutant offspring. Conclusions: The results presented indicate that the jal mutation is a mutant allele of the Gata3 gene on mouse Chromosome 2. We therefore recommend that the jal designation be changed to Gata3 jal , and suggest that this mouse variant may provide an animal model for at least some forms of focal alopecia that have their primary defect in the hair follicle and lack an inflammatory component.
Journal Article